1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 20160504 p41 FreeBSD-SA-16:17.openssl
17 Fix multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilitites. [SA-16:17]
19 Fix memory leak in ZFS. [EN-16:08]
21 20160429 p40 FreeBSD-SA-16:16.ntp
23 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp.
25 20160316 p39 FreeBSD-SA-16:14.openssh-xauth
26 FreeBSD-SA-16:15.sysarch
28 Fix OpenSSH xauth(1) command injection. [SA-16:14]
29 Fix incorrect argument validation in sysarch(2). [SA-16:15]
31 20160310 p38 FreeBSD-SA-16:13.bind
32 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl [revised]
34 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of BIND. [SA-16:13]
36 Fix a regression with OpenSSL patch. [SA-16:12]
38 20160303 p37 FreeBSD-SA-16:12.openssl
40 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of OpenSSL.
42 20160130 p36 FreeBSD-SA-16:11.openssl
44 Fix OpenSSL SSLv2 ciphersuite downgrade vulnerability. [SA-16:11]
46 20160127 p35 FreeBSD-SA-16:08.bind
48 FreeBSD-SA-16:10.linux
50 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-16:08]
52 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-16:09]
54 Fix Linux compatibility layer issetugid(2) system call
55 vulnerability. [SA-16:10]
57 20160114 p34 FreeBSD-SA-16:07.openssh
59 Fix OpenSSH client information leak. [SA-16:07]
61 20160114 p33 FreeBSD-EN-16:02.pf
62 FreeBSD-EN-16:03.yplib
65 FreeBSD-SA-16:03.linux
66 FreeBSD-SA-16:04.linux
68 FreeBSD-SA-16:06.bsnmpd
70 Fix pf(4) generating bad TCP checksums. [EN-16:02]
71 Fix infinite loop in YP/NIS client library. [EN-16:03]
72 Fix remote denial of service in SCTP. [SA-16:01]
73 Update NTP to 4.2.8p5. [SA-16:02]
74 Fix kernel memory diclosure in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:03]
75 Fix kernel memory overwrite in Linux compatibility layer. [SA-16:04]
76 Fix crash in TCP MD5 signatures. [SA-16:05]
77 Fix insecure default permissions for snmpd.config. [SA-16:06]
79 20151216 p32 FreeBSD-SA-15:27.bind
80 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:27]
82 20151205 p31 FreeBSD-SA-15:26.openssl
84 Fix OpenSSL X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak. [SA-15:26]
86 20151104 p30 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp [revised]
87 FreeBSD-EN-15:19.kqueue
90 Fix regression of ntpq(8) utility exiting due to trap 6 in
91 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
93 Fix regression in ntpd(8) lacking support for RAWDCF reference
94 clock in 9.3-RELEASE-p29. [SA-15:25]
96 Fix kqueue write events never fired for files greater 2GB. [EN-15:19]
98 Fix applications exiting due to segmentation violation on a correct
99 memory address. [EN-15:20]
101 20151026: p29 FreeBSD-SA-15:25.ntp
103 Fix multiple NTP vulnerabilities. New NTP version is 4.2.8p4.
105 The configuration file syntax has been changed, thus mergemaster
106 run is recommended. Now the "kod" parameter requires "limited"
107 parameter. If the ntp.conf is not updated, the ntpd will run
108 successfully, but with KoD disabled.
110 20151002: p28 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind [revised]
111 Revised patch to address a regression that prevents NIS from working.
113 20150929: p27 FreeBSD-SA-15:24.rpcbind
115 Fix rpcbind(8) remote denial of service. [SA-15:24]
117 20150916: p26 FreeBSD-EN-15:18.pkg
119 Implement pubkey support for pkg(7) bootstrap. [EN-15:18]
121 20150902: p25 FreeBSD-SA-15:23.bind
123 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:23]
125 20150825: p24 FreeBSD-SA-15:21.amd64
126 FreeBSD-SA-15:22.openssh
129 Fix local privilege escalation in IRET handler. [SA-15:21]
131 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:22]
133 Fix insufficient check of unsupported pkg(7) signature methods.
136 20150818: p23 FreeBSD-SA-15:20.expat
138 Fix multiple integer overflows in expat (libbsdxml) XML parser.
141 20150805: p22 FreeBSD-SA-15:19.routed
143 Fix routed remote denial of service vulnerability.
145 20150728: p21 FreeBSD-SA-15:15.tcp
146 FreeBSD-SA-15:16.openssh
147 FreeBSD-SA-15:17.bind
149 Fix resource exhaustion in TCP reassembly. [SA-15:15]
151 Fix OpenSSH multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-15:16]
153 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:17]
155 20150721: p20 FreeBSD-SA-15:13.tcp
157 Fix resource exhaustion due to sessions stuck in LAST_ACK state.
160 20150707: p19 FreeBSD-SA-15:11.bind
161 Fix BIND resolver remote denial of service when validating.
163 20150630: p18 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail [revised]
164 FreeBSD-EN-15:09.xlocale
166 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
168 Fix inconsistency between locale and rune locale states.
171 20150618: p17 FreeBSD-EN-15:08.sendmail
172 Improvements to sendmail TLS/DH interoperability. [EN-15:08]
174 20150612: p16 FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
175 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:10]
177 20150609: p15 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
179 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
182 20150513: p14 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
184 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
185 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
187 20150407: p13 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
189 FreeBSD-SA-15:09.ipv6
191 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
193 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
195 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
198 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
200 20150319: p11 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
201 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
203 20150225: p10 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
204 FreeBSD-SA-15:05.bind
206 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
207 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
209 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
211 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-15:05]
213 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
215 Updated base system OpenSSL to 0.9.8zd. [EN-15:02]
217 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
219 20150127: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
220 FreeBSD-SA-15:03.sctp
222 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
223 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
225 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
227 20150114: p8 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
228 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
230 20141223: p7 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
231 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
233 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
234 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
236 20141210: p6 FreeBSD-SA-14:28.file
237 FreeBSD-SA-14:29.bind
239 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
242 Fix BIND remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:29]
244 20141104: p5 FreeBSD-SA-14:25.setlogin
248 Fix kernel stack disclosure in setlogin(2) / getlogin(2).
251 Fix remote command execution in ftp(1). [SA-14:26]
253 Fix NFSv4 and ZFS cache consistency issue. [EN-14:12]
255 20141022: p4 FreeBSD-EN-14:10.tzdata
256 FreeBSD-EN-14:11.crypt
258 Time zone data file update. [EN-14:10]
260 Change crypt(3) default hashing algorithm back to DES. [EN-14:11]
262 20141021: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:20.rtsold
263 FreeBSD-SA-14:21.routed
264 FreeBSD-SA-14:22.namei
265 FreeBSD-SA-14:23.openssl
267 Fix rtsold(8) remote buffer overflow vulnerability. [SA-14:20]
269 Fix routed(8) remote denial of service vulnerability. [SA-14:21]
271 Fix memory leak in sandboxed namei lookup. [SA-14:22]
273 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:23]
275 20140916: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp
276 Fix Denial of Service in TCP packet processing. [SA-14:19]
278 20140909: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:18.openssl
279 Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:18]
285 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
286 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
287 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
288 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
289 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
292 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
295 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
298 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
299 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
300 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
301 the nfe(4) driver instead.
304 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
305 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
306 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
307 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
308 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
309 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
310 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
311 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
312 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 902505.
318 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
319 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
320 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
321 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
322 subdirectories must be reviewed.
325 hastctl(8)'s `status' command output changed to terse one-liner format.
326 Scripts using this should switch to `list' command or be rewritten.
329 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
330 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
331 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
332 write access to that file.
335 Added ZFS TRIM support which is enabled by default. To disable
336 ZFS TRIM support set vfs.zfs.trim.enabled=0 in loader.conf.
338 Creating new ZFS pools and adding new devices to existing pools
339 first performs a full device level TRIM which can take a significant
340 amount of time. The sysctl vfs.zfs.vdev.trim_on_init can be set to 0
341 to disable this behaviour.
343 ZFS TRIM requires the underlying device support BIO_DELETE which
344 is currently provided by methods such as ATA TRIM and SCSI UNMAP
345 via CAM, which are typically supported by SSD's.
347 Stats for ZFS TRIM can be monitored by looking at the sysctl's
348 under kstat.zfs.misc.zio_trim.
351 `list' command has been added to hastctl(8). For now, it is full
352 equivalent of `status' command.
353 WARNING: in the near future the output of hastctl's status command
354 will change to more terse format. If you use `hastctl status'
355 for parsing in your scripts, switch to `hastctl list'.
358 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
359 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
360 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
361 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
362 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
363 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
364 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
367 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
368 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
369 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
370 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
371 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
375 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
378 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
379 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
380 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
381 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
382 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
383 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so it's
384 used expected to be extremely rare.
387 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to. Please refer to
388 zpool-features(7) for more information.
390 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
391 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
394 The VFS KBI was changed with the merge of several nullfs
395 optimizations and fixes. All filesystem modules must be
399 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
400 depended on during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add
401 the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
407 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to 9-STABLE.
408 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
409 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
410 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
411 pools. The first two read-only compatible "feature flags" for ZFS
412 pools are "com.delphix:async_destroy" and "com.delphix:empty_bpobj".
413 For more information read the new zpool-features(7) manual page.
414 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
415 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
418 The commit introducing bsd.compiler.mk breaks the traditional
419 building of kernels before this point. Add -m ${SRC}/share/mk
420 (for the right value of SRC) to your command lines to work
421 around; update your useland to a point after this; or use the
422 buildkernel/installkernel top-level targets. See also 20120829.
425 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
426 functionality now turned on by default.
429 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
430 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
431 Add the PADLOCK_RNG option in the custom kernel config if
432 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
433 option, so the change only affects the custom kernel
437 The amd64 kernel now uses xsetbv, xrstor instructions. To compile with
438 the traditional method, you must update your system with an installworld
439 before the kernel will build. The documented make buildkernel/installkernel
440 interfaces (coupled with fresh make kernel-toolchain) continue to work.
443 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
444 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
445 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
448 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
449 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
450 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
451 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
452 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
453 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
456 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
460 A new VOP_ADVISE() was added to support posix_fadvise(2). All
461 filesystem modules must be recompiled.
464 The interface of the VOP_VPTOCNP(9) changed, now the returned
465 vnode shall be referenced, previously it was required to be
466 only held. All in-tree filesystems are converted.
472 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
473 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
476 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
477 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
478 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
479 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
480 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
481 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
482 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
483 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
484 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
485 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
488 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
489 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
490 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
491 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
494 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
495 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
496 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
497 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
499 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
500 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
501 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
504 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
505 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
506 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
507 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
510 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
512 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
513 The following sysctl is retired:
514 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
515 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
516 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
517 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
518 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
519 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
520 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
521 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
522 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
523 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
527 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
531 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
532 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
533 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
537 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
540 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
541 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
542 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
543 drivers need to be recompiled.
545 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
546 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
547 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
548 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
552 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
553 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
556 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
557 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
558 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
559 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
560 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
561 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
562 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
563 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
564 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
565 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
566 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
568 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
570 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
571 a diskless root fs use the old client.
574 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
575 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
576 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
577 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
578 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
579 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
580 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
581 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
582 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
583 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
584 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
585 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
587 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
588 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
589 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
590 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
591 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
592 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
593 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
594 them are parts of the cam module.
596 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
597 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
598 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
600 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
601 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
602 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
607 , and instead add back:
608 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
609 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
610 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
611 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
612 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
615 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
616 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
617 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
618 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
619 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
620 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
623 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
624 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
625 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
628 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
629 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
630 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
631 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
632 in order to use ath on everything else.
634 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
635 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
638 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
639 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
640 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
643 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
644 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
645 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
646 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
647 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
648 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
651 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
652 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
653 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
654 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
655 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
657 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
658 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
661 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
662 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
663 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
664 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
665 The function remains undocumented.
668 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
669 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
670 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
671 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
672 systems where the define is not present can check against
673 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
675 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
676 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
677 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
678 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
679 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
680 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
683 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
684 the following warning:
685 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
686 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
687 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
688 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
689 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
690 install it on your system.
692 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
693 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
694 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
695 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
698 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
699 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
700 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
701 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
705 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
706 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
707 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
708 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
709 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
710 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
711 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
712 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
713 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
714 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
715 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
717 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
719 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
720 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
721 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
722 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
723 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
724 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
725 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
727 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
728 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
731 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
732 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
733 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
734 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
735 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
738 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
739 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
740 migrate local entries to the new format.
743 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
744 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
748 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
749 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
750 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
751 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
752 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
753 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
756 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
757 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
759 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
760 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
761 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
764 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
765 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
766 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
767 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
768 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
770 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
771 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
772 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
775 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
776 now i386 and amd64 only.
777 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
778 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
779 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
780 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
781 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
782 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
785 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
786 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
789 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
790 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
791 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
792 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
793 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
794 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
795 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
796 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
797 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
798 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
799 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
802 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
803 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
804 machine powerpc powerpc
806 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
810 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
811 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
812 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
813 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
814 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
817 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
818 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
819 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
820 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
821 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
824 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
825 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
826 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
827 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
829 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
830 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
831 to unwanted behavior.
834 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
835 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
836 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
837 be modified accordingly.
840 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
841 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
842 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
843 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
844 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
845 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
847 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
848 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
849 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
852 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
853 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
854 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
855 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
856 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
859 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
860 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
861 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
864 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
865 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
866 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
867 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
868 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
870 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
871 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
872 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
874 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
880 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
881 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
882 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
883 operation of applications on the console.
885 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
886 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
887 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
890 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
891 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
892 performed by syscons(4).
895 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
896 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
897 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
899 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
900 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
904 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
905 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
906 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
907 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
908 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
912 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
913 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
915 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
916 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
917 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
919 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
920 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
922 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
925 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
926 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
928 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
929 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
930 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
932 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
933 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
934 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
935 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
936 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
937 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
938 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
939 using ifconfig(8) like:
941 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
943 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
946 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
948 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
949 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
950 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
951 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
952 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
955 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
956 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
959 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
960 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
961 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
962 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
963 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
964 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
967 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
968 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
971 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
972 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
973 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
977 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
978 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
979 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
982 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
983 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
986 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
987 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
988 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
991 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
992 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
993 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
996 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
997 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
998 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
999 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1000 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1003 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1004 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1005 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1006 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1007 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1010 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1011 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1012 may need to be adjusted.
1015 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1016 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1017 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1018 with routing sockets.
1021 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1022 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1023 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1026 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1027 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1028 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1032 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1033 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1034 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1037 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1038 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1039 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1040 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1041 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1042 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1043 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1044 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1046 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1047 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1048 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1049 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1050 authentication method is used.
1053 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1054 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1055 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1056 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1057 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1060 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1061 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1064 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1068 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1069 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1072 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1073 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1076 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1077 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1081 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1082 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1084 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1087 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1091 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1092 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1095 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1097 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1100 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1101 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1102 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1103 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1104 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1105 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1108 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1109 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1112 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1114 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1117 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1118 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1121 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1122 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1125 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1126 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1127 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1128 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1129 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1132 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1133 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1134 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1135 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1136 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1137 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1140 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1141 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1142 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1143 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1145 For kernel developers:
1147 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1148 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1149 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1151 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1152 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1153 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1154 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1156 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1157 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1158 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1159 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1160 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1161 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1162 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1163 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1164 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1165 multicast membership on-link.
1166 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1167 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1168 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1170 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1171 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1173 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1174 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1177 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1178 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1179 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1180 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1182 For application developers:
1184 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1187 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1188 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1190 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1191 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1192 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1193 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1195 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1196 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1197 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1198 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1199 Multicast Source Filters'.
1201 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1203 For systems administrators:
1205 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1206 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1207 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1208 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1209 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1211 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1212 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1214 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1215 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1216 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1217 recommended for optimal system performance.
1219 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1220 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1221 back forwarded datagrams.
1223 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1226 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1227 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1230 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1231 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1232 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1233 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1236 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1237 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1238 state will require a world rebuild.
1239 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1242 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1243 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1244 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1247 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1248 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1249 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1250 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1252 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1255 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1256 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1257 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1258 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1259 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1260 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1261 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1262 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1265 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1266 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1267 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1270 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1271 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1272 introduces some changes:
1274 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1275 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1276 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1278 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1279 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1280 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1281 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1283 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1284 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1285 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1288 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1291 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1292 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1293 (supported by sane).
1296 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1297 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1298 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1299 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1300 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1303 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1304 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1305 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1306 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1310 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1311 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1312 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1313 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1316 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1317 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1320 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1321 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1323 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1324 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1325 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1327 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1328 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1329 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1330 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1331 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1332 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1333 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1334 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1336 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1337 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1338 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1339 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1340 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1341 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1343 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1344 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1345 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1346 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1347 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1349 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1350 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1351 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1354 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1355 recompiled to reflect this.
1356 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1359 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1360 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1361 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1362 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1363 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1364 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1367 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1368 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1369 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1370 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1371 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1372 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1375 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1376 network device driver modules.
1379 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1380 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1383 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1384 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1385 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1386 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1387 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1391 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1392 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1393 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1397 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1398 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1400 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1401 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1402 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1405 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1406 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1407 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1408 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1409 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1410 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1412 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1413 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1415 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1416 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1419 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1420 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1421 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1424 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1425 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1426 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1427 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1431 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1432 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1435 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1436 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1437 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1438 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1439 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1440 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1443 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1444 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1445 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1446 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1449 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1450 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1451 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1452 in next mpd5.3 release.
1455 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1456 the base system (it was a port).
1459 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1460 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1463 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1464 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1465 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1466 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1467 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1468 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1469 none of the L2 information.
1472 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1473 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1475 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1477 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1481 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1482 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1483 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1484 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1487 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1488 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1489 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1490 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1491 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1495 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1496 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1497 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1498 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1501 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1504 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1505 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1506 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1507 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1508 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1514 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1515 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1519 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1520 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1521 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1522 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1523 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1524 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1525 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1528 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1529 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1530 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1531 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1532 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1535 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1541 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1543 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1544 cause compilation to fail.
1547 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1550 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1552 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1553 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1554 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1555 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1556 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1557 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1558 accepting the RSA key.
1560 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1561 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1564 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1565 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
1566 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1570 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1571 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1572 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1574 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1575 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1576 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1577 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1578 use the new device names.
1580 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1581 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1582 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1583 at the loader prompt:
1585 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1586 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1587 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1588 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1592 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1596 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1597 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1598 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1599 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1602 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1603 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1606 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1607 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1608 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1609 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1610 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1613 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1614 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
1615 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1616 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1617 For example, change:
1618 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1621 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1622 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
1623 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
1624 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1626 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1627 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
1628 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1631 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1632 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1633 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
1634 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
1635 other operation levels.
1638 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
1639 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1640 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1641 compatibility with any prior release:
1643 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1644 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1645 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1648 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1649 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1650 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1651 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1652 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1656 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1657 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1658 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1659 with older hardware easier to do.
1662 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1663 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1666 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1667 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1668 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1672 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1676 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1677 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1678 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1679 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1680 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1681 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
1682 third-party software might fail to build after this change
1683 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1684 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
1685 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1686 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1687 case that a portable fix is impossible.
1690 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1691 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
1692 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1695 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1696 functionality is the default now.
1699 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1700 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1701 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1702 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1703 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1705 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
1706 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
1707 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1710 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1711 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1712 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1713 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1714 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1715 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1716 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1717 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1718 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1719 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1723 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1724 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1725 used kproc_start()..
1726 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1727 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1728 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1737 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
1738 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
1739 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
1740 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
1741 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1742 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1743 several months have passed on the -current branch).
1745 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1746 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1747 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1748 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1749 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1751 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1752 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1753 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1754 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
1755 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1759 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1762 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1763 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1765 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1767 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1768 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1769 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1771 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1775 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1776 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1777 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1779 make kernel-toolchain
1780 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1781 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1783 To test a kernel once
1784 ---------------------
1785 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1786 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1787 debugging information) run
1788 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1789 nextboot -k testkernel
1791 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1792 --------------------------------------------------------------
1793 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
1794 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1795 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1797 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1798 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1799 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1804 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1806 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1807 -----------------------------------------------------------
1808 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1809 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1811 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1813 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1815 <reboot in single user> [3]
1823 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1824 --------------------------------------------------
1825 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1826 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1827 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1830 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1833 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1834 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1835 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1836 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1837 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1838 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1839 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1840 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1841 <reboot into current>
1842 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1843 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1847 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1848 ----------------------------------------------
1849 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1851 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1853 <reboot in single user> [3]
1860 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1861 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1862 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1863 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1864 the UPDATING entries.
1866 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1867 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1868 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1869 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1870 much fewer pitfalls.
1872 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1873 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1876 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1881 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1882 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1883 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1885 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1886 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1887 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1888 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1889 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1890 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1891 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1893 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1894 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1895 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1896 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1897 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1898 from [78]-stable or 9-stable before 20130430.
1900 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1901 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1902 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1904 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1905 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1906 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1907 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1908 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1909 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1911 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1912 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1914 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1915 cvs prune empty directories.
1917 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1918 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1919 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1921 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1922 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1923 warn if it is improperly defined.
1926 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1927 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1928 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1929 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1930 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1932 Copyright information:
1934 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1936 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1937 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1938 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1940 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1941 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1942 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1943 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1944 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1945 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1946 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1947 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1948 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1949 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1950 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1952 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of