1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16 stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17 older version of current is a bit fragile.
19 20150609: p11 FreeBSD-EN-15:06.file
22 Updated base system file(1) to 5.22 to address multiple denial
23 of service issues. [EN-15:06]
25 Improved reliability of ZFS when TRIM/UNMAP and/or L2ARC is used.
28 20150513: p10 FreeBSD-EN-15:04.freebsd-update
31 Fix bug with freebsd-update(8) that does not ensure the previous
32 upgrade was completed. [EN-15:04]
34 Fix deadlock on reboot with UFS tuned with SU+J. [EN-15:05]
36 20150407: p9 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp [revised]
38 FreeBSD-SA-15:08.bsdinstall
41 Improved patch for SA-15:04.igmp.
43 Fix multiple vulnerabilities of ntp. [SA-15:07]
45 Fix bsdinstall(8) insecure default GELI keyfile permissions. [SA-15:08]
47 Fix Denial of Service with IPv6 Router Advertisements. [SA-15:09]
50 Fix patch for SA-15:06.openssl.
52 20150319: p7 FreeBSD-SA-15:06.openssl
53 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:06]
55 20150225: p6 FreeBSD-SA-15:04.igmp
57 FreeBSD-EN-15:02.openssl
58 FreeBSD-EN-15:03.freebsd-update
60 Fix integer overflow in IGMP protocol. [SA-15:04]
62 Fix vt(4) crash with improper ioctl parameters. [EN-15:01]
64 Updated base system OpenSSL to 1.0.1l. [EN-15:02]
66 Fix freebsd-update libraries update ordering issue. [EN-15:03]
68 20150127: p5 FreeBSD-SA-15:02.kmem
71 Fix SCTP SCTP_SS_VALUE kernel memory corruption and disclosure
72 vulnerability. [SA-15:02]
74 Fix SCTP stream reset vulnerability. [SA-15:03]
76 20150114: p4 FreeBSD-SA-15:01.openssl
77 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-15:01]
79 20141223: p3 FreeBSD-SA-14:31.ntp
80 FreeBSD-EN-14:13.freebsd-update
82 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in NTP suite. [SA-14:31]
83 Fix directory deletion issue in freebsd-update. [EN-14:13]
85 20141217: p2 FreeBSD-SA-14:30.unbound
86 Fix unbound remote denial of service vulnerability.
88 20141210: p1 FreeBSD-SA-14:27.stdio
91 Fix buffer overflow in stdio. [SA-14:27]
93 Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
97 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
98 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all of physical memory. This
99 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
100 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
104 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
105 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
106 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
107 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
108 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
109 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
110 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
113 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
114 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
115 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
118 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
119 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
120 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
121 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
122 be removed during a clean upgrade.
125 The ixgbe tunables now match their sysctl counterparts, for example:
126 hw.ixgbe.enable_aim => hw.ix.enable_aim
127 Anyone using ixgbe tunables should ensure they update /boot/loader.conf.
130 The NFSv4.1 server committed by r269398 changes the internal
131 function call interfaces used between the NFS and krpc modules.
132 As such, __FreeBSD_version was bumped.
135 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
136 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
137 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
138 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
139 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
143 It is no longer necessary to include the dwarf version in your DEBUG
144 options in your kernel config file. The bug that required it to be
145 placed in the config file has bene fixed. DEBUG should now just
146 contain -g. The build system will automatically update things
147 to do the right thing.
150 Several ABI breaking changes were merged to CTL and new iSCSI code.
151 All CTL and iSCSI-related tools, such as ctladm, ctld, iscsid and
152 iscsictl need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
155 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
156 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
157 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
160 On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
161 in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
162 as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
163 console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
164 the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
167 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
170 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
173 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
174 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
175 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
176 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
177 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
178 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
181 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
182 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
183 kernel is still highly recommended.
186 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
187 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
188 capability mode support in kernel.
191 The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
192 been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
193 releases. If you use this driver, please consider switching to
194 the nfe(4) driver instead.
200 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
201 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
202 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
203 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
204 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
205 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
206 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
207 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
208 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
211 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
212 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
213 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
214 should change your settings to use the latter.
217 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
218 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
219 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
220 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
221 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
224 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
225 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
226 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
228 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
230 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
233 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
234 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
235 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
236 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
237 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
238 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
240 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
241 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
242 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
243 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
244 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
245 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
247 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
248 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
252 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
253 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
254 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
255 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
257 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
258 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
259 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
260 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
263 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
264 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
265 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
268 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
269 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
270 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
271 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
274 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
275 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
276 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
280 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
281 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
282 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
286 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
287 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
288 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
289 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
290 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
291 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
294 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
295 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
296 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
299 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
300 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
301 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
304 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
305 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
306 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
307 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
308 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
309 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
312 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
313 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
314 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
316 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
317 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
318 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
319 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
320 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
323 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
324 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
325 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
326 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
330 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
331 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
332 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
335 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
337 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
338 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
339 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
340 old as well as the new version of find.
343 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
344 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
345 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
346 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
347 subdirectories must be reviewed.
350 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
351 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
352 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
354 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
356 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
357 users are advised to upgrade.
360 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
361 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
364 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
365 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
366 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
369 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
370 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
372 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
373 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
374 overloading the machine.
377 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
378 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
379 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
380 write access to that file.
383 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
384 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
387 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
389 make: illegal option -- J
390 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
392 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
394 this likely due to an old instance of make in
395 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
396 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
397 you see the above error:
399 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
404 Use bmake by default.
405 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
406 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
407 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
409 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
410 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
411 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
412 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
413 behavior in parallel build.
416 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
419 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
420 the IDEA patent expired.
423 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
424 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
428 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
429 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
430 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
431 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
432 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
433 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
434 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
438 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
439 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
440 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
441 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
445 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
446 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
447 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
448 binaries will not work on older kernels.
451 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
452 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
455 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
456 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
457 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
458 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
461 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
462 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
463 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
464 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
465 in /boot/loader.conf.
468 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
469 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
470 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
471 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
472 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
475 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
476 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
478 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
479 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
482 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
483 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
484 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
485 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
486 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
489 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
490 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
491 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
492 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
493 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
497 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
498 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
499 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
500 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
501 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
502 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
503 use is expected to be extremely rare.
506 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
507 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
508 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
511 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
512 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
513 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
517 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
518 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
519 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
524 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
525 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
526 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
529 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
530 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
531 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
532 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
533 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
534 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
537 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
538 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
539 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
540 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
541 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
542 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
543 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
547 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
548 functionality now turned on by default.
551 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
552 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
553 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
554 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
555 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
556 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
557 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
558 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
559 of the two kernel options.
562 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
563 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
564 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
565 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
568 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
569 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
573 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
574 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
575 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
578 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
579 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
580 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
581 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
582 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
585 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
586 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
587 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
588 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
591 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
594 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
595 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
596 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
600 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
601 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
605 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
606 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
607 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
610 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
611 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
612 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
613 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
614 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
618 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
619 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
622 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
623 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
624 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
625 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
629 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
630 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
631 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
634 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
635 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
636 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
639 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
640 with other variables:
641 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
642 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
645 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
646 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
647 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
648 installed as "bsdsort".
651 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
652 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
653 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
654 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
655 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
656 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
657 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
658 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
659 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
662 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
663 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
664 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
665 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
666 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
667 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
671 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
672 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
673 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
674 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
675 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
676 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
677 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
680 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
684 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
685 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
686 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
687 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
688 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
689 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
692 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
693 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
694 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
695 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
699 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
700 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
701 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
702 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
704 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
705 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
708 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
709 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
710 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
712 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
715 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
716 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
717 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
718 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
719 not supported anymore.
721 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
722 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
723 need to be recompiled.
726 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
730 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
731 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
732 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
736 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
737 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
740 sysinstall has been removed
743 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
744 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
747 This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
748 calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
749 The first time a system is booted after this change, the
750 vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
751 main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
752 for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
753 It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
754 systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
755 To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
756 until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
759 Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
760 do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
761 to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
762 Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
765 During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
766 This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
767 issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
768 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
770 Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
771 special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
772 Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
775 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
776 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
777 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
778 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
781 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
783 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
784 The following sysctl is retired:
785 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
786 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
787 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
788 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
789 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
790 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
791 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
792 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling
793 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
794 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
798 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
802 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
803 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to
804 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
808 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
811 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
812 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
813 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
814 drivers need to be recompiled.
816 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
817 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
818 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
819 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
823 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
824 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
827 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
828 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
829 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
830 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
831 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
832 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
833 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
834 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
835 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
836 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
837 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
839 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
841 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
842 a diskless root fs use the old client.
845 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
846 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
847 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
848 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
849 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
850 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
851 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
852 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
853 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
854 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
855 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
856 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
858 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
859 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
860 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
861 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
862 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
863 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
864 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
865 them are parts of the cam module.
867 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
868 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
869 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
871 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
872 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
873 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
878 , and instead add back:
879 device atadisk # ATA disk drives
880 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives
881 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
882 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives
883 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives
886 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
887 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
888 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
889 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
890 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
891 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
894 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
895 related components have been removed from the base system. If you
896 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
899 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
900 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
901 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
902 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
903 in order to use ath on everything else.
905 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
906 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
909 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
910 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
911 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
914 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This
915 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new
916 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
917 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
918 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog
919 file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
922 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
923 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
924 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
925 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
926 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
928 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
929 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
932 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has
933 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
934 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality
935 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
936 The function remains undocumented.
939 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
940 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking
941 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs
942 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
943 systems where the define is not present can check against
944 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
946 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
947 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
948 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
949 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
950 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
951 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
954 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
955 the following warning:
956 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
957 unknown. config(8) likely too old."
958 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
959 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
960 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
961 install it on your system.
963 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
964 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
965 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old
966 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
969 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
970 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
971 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
972 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
976 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
977 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
978 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
979 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This
980 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
981 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
982 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in
983 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
984 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
985 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with
986 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
988 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
990 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
991 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
992 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
993 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the
994 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
995 has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
996 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
998 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
999 drivers supporting 1000baseT.
1002 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
1003 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
1004 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
1005 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
1006 sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1009 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
1010 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
1011 migrate local entries to the new format.
1014 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
1015 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
1019 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
1020 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
1021 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
1022 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
1023 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
1024 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
1027 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
1028 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
1030 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
1031 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value
1032 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The
1035 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
1036 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
1037 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for
1038 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
1039 interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
1041 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
1042 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
1043 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
1046 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
1047 now i386 and amd64 only.
1048 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
1049 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
1050 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
1051 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
1052 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
1053 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
1056 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
1057 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
1060 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
1061 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
1062 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
1063 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
1064 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
1065 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor
1066 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
1067 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work
1068 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
1069 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
1070 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
1073 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
1074 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
1075 machine powerpc powerpc
1077 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
1081 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
1082 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
1083 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
1084 For full functionality of these commands the following port must
1085 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
1088 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
1089 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
1090 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
1091 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
1092 and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
1095 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
1096 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
1097 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
1098 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
1100 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
1101 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
1102 to unwanted behavior.
1105 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
1106 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
1107 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
1108 be modified accordingly.
1111 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
1112 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
1113 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
1114 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
1115 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
1116 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
1118 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only
1119 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
1120 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make
1123 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
1124 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
1125 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp
1126 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
1127 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1130 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1131 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1132 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1135 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1136 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1137 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1138 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc
1139 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1141 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1142 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1143 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1145 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1151 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1152 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means
1153 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1154 operation of applications on the console.
1156 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1157 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1158 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1161 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1162 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1163 performed by syscons(4).
1166 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1167 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1168 from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1170 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1171 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1175 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1176 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1177 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1178 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1179 your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1183 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1184 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following:
1186 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1187 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1188 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1190 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1191 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases.
1193 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1196 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and
1197 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1199 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1200 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1201 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility.
1203 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6
1204 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1205 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1206 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
1207 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1208 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1209 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1210 using ifconfig(8) like:
1212 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1214 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1217 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1219 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1220 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8)
1221 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1222 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1223 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1226 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1227 previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1230 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1231 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1232 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1233 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1234 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1235 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1238 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1239 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1242 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1243 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1244 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable
1248 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only
1249 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1250 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1253 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
1254 RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1257 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1258 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump
1259 __FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1262 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1263 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change
1264 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1267 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1268 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1269 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1270 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1271 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1274 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1275 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1276 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1277 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1278 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1281 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1282 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1283 may need to be adjusted.
1286 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1287 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1288 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1289 with routing sockets.
1292 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1293 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1294 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1297 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1298 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1299 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1303 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1304 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump
1305 __FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1308 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1309 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1310 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old
1311 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1312 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but
1313 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1314 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1315 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1317 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1318 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1319 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1320 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1321 authentication method is used.
1324 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This
1325 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1326 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1327 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1328 spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1331 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1332 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1335 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to
1339 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1340 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1343 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1344 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1347 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1348 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1352 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network
1353 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1355 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1358 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1362 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1363 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1366 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be
1368 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1371 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1372 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1373 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1374 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1375 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1376 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1379 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel.
1380 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1383 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1385 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1388 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1389 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1392 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1393 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1396 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1397 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1398 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but
1399 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1400 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1403 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1404 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1405 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or
1406 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for
1407 correctly checking networking state from userland.
1408 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1411 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1412 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1413 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1414 follows the IPv4 implementation.
1416 For kernel developers:
1418 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1419 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1420 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1422 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1423 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1424 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1425 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1427 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1428 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1429 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1430 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1431 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1432 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1433 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1434 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1435 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1436 multicast membership on-link.
1437 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1438 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is
1439 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1441 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1442 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1444 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1445 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1448 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1449 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1450 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1451 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1453 For application developers:
1455 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1458 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1459 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1461 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1462 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1463 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1464 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1466 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1467 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1468 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1469 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1470 Multicast Source Filters'.
1472 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1474 For systems administrators:
1476 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1477 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1478 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1479 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1480 returned by getifaddrs(3).
1482 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1483 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1485 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1486 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1487 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1488 recommended for optimal system performance.
1490 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1491 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1492 back forwarded datagrams.
1494 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1497 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1498 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1501 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1502 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to
1503 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1504 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1507 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1508 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1509 state will require a world rebuild.
1510 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1513 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1514 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1515 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1518 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1519 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1520 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1521 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1523 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1526 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1527 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1528 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1529 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1530 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1531 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1532 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1533 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1536 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1537 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1538 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1541 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1542 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1543 introduces some changes:
1545 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1546 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1547 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1549 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1550 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1551 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1552 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1554 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1555 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1556 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1559 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1562 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1563 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1564 (supported by sane).
1567 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1568 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1569 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1570 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1571 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1574 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1575 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1576 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1577 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1581 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1582 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1583 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1584 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1587 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1588 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1591 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1592 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1594 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1595 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1596 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1598 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1599 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1600 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1601 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1602 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1603 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1604 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1605 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1607 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1608 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1609 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1610 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1611 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1612 to preserve the existing behaviour.
1614 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1615 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1616 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1617 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1618 transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1620 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1621 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1622 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1625 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1626 recompiled to reflect this.
1627 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1630 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1631 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1632 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1633 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1634 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1635 libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1638 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1639 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1640 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1641 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1642 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1643 raised to allow such segments to be created.
1646 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1647 network device driver modules.
1650 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1651 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1654 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1655 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1656 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1657 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1658 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1662 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1663 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1664 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1668 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1669 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1671 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1672 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured
1673 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1676 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1677 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1678 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1679 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1680 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1681 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1683 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1684 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can
1686 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1687 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1
1690 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1691 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1692 change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1695 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1696 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1697 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1698 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1702 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1703 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1706 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1707 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1708 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1709 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1710 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1711 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1714 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1715 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1716 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1717 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1720 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1721 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1722 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1723 in next mpd5.3 release.
1726 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1727 the base system (it was a port).
1730 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1731 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1734 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1735 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1736 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1737 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1738 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1739 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1740 none of the L2 information.
1743 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1744 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1746 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1748 to their kernel config files when specifying:
1752 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1753 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now
1754 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1755 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1758 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1759 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1760 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1761 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1762 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1766 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1767 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1768 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1769 and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1772 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1775 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1776 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1777 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1778 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1779 controller add the following to loader.conf:
1785 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep
1786 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1790 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1791 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1792 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1793 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1794 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1795 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1796 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1799 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1800 implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1801 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1802 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1803 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1806 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1812 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1814 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1815 cause compilation to fail.
1818 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1821 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1823 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1824 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this
1825 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1826 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1827 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should
1828 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1829 accepting the RSA key.
1831 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1832 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1835 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1836 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to
1837 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1841 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1842 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1843 default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1845 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1846 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1847 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1848 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1849 use the new device names.
1851 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1852 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1853 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1854 at the loader prompt:
1856 set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1857 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1858 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1859 set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1863 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1867 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1868 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1869 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1870 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1873 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1874 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1877 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1878 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1879 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1880 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1881 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1884 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1885 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device
1886 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1887 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1888 For example, change:
1889 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1892 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1893 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of
1894 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland
1895 and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1897 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1898 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references
1899 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1902 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1903 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1904 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible
1905 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in
1906 other operation levels.
1909 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To
1910 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1911 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1912 compatibility with any prior release:
1914 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1915 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1916 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1919 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1920 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1921 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1922 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1923 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1927 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1928 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1929 split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1930 with older hardware easier to do.
1933 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1934 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1937 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1938 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1939 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1943 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1947 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1948 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1949 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1950 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1951 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1952 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some
1953 third-party software might fail to build after this change
1954 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1955 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed
1956 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1957 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1958 case that a portable fix is impossible.
1961 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1962 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current
1963 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1966 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1967 functionality is the default now.
1970 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1971 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1972 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1973 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1974 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1976 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
1977 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
1978 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1981 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1982 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1983 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1984 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1985 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1986 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1987 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1988 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1989 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1990 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1994 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1995 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1996 used kproc_start()..
1997 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1998 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1999 Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
2008 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
2009 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
2010 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
2011 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
2012 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
2013 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
2014 several months have passed on the -current branch).
2016 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2017 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2018 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2019 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2020 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2022 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
2023 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
2024 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
2025 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
2026 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
2028 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2029 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2030 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2031 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2035 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2038 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2039 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2041 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2043 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2044 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
2045 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
2047 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2051 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2052 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2053 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2055 make kernel-toolchain
2056 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2057 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2059 To test a kernel once
2060 ---------------------
2061 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2062 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2063 debugging information) run
2064 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2065 nextboot -k testkernel
2067 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
2068 --------------------------------------------------------------
2069 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
2070 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
2071 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
2073 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
2074 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2075 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
2080 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
2082 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2083 -----------------------------------------------------------
2084 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2085 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2087 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2089 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2091 <reboot in single user> [3]
2098 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2099 --------------------------------------------------
2100 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2101 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2102 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2105 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2108 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2109 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2110 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2111 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2112 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2113 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2114 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2115 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2116 <reboot into current>
2117 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2118 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2122 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2123 ----------------------------------------------
2124 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2126 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2128 <reboot in single user> [3]
2135 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2136 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2137 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2138 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2139 the UPDATING entries.
2141 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2142 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2143 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2144 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2145 much fewer pitfalls.
2147 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2148 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2151 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2156 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2157 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2158 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2160 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2161 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2162 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2163 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2164 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2165 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2166 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2168 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
2169 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2170 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2171 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2172 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2173 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2175 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2176 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2177 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2179 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2180 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2181 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2182 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2183 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
2184 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2186 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2187 last time you updated your kernel config file.
2189 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2190 cvs prune empty directories.
2192 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2193 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2194 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2196 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2197 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2198 warn if it is improperly defined.
2201 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2202 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2203 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2204 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2205 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2207 Copyright information:
2209 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
2211 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2212 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2213 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2215 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2216 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2217 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2218 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2219 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2220 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2221 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2222 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2223 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2224 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2225 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2227 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of