1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 OpenZFS support has been integrated. We caution against 'zpool upgrade'
31 for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent unless you
32 want to use new features.
35 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
36 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
37 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
38 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
41 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
42 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
46 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
47 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
50 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
51 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
52 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
53 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
56 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
57 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
58 from sources, so a version bump was done.
61 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
62 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
63 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
64 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
67 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
68 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
69 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
70 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
73 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
74 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
75 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
76 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
79 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
80 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
81 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
82 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
83 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
84 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
85 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
88 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
89 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
92 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
93 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
94 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
97 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
98 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
99 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
100 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
102 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
103 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
104 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
105 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
109 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
110 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
111 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
112 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
115 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
116 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
119 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
120 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
121 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
122 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
123 be functional without closefrom(2).
126 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
127 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
128 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
129 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
130 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
131 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
134 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
135 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
136 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
137 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
140 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
141 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
142 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
145 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
148 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
149 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
150 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
153 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
154 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
157 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
158 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
159 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
163 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
164 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
168 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
169 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
170 together with their new kernel.
173 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
174 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
175 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
177 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
178 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
181 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
185 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
186 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
187 external toolchain package.
190 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
191 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
192 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
193 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
194 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
197 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
198 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
199 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
200 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
203 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
204 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
205 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
209 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
212 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
213 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
214 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
215 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
218 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
219 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
220 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
223 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
224 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
225 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
226 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
227 differences between those included in the port and those included in
228 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
229 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
230 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
233 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
234 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
238 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
239 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
240 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
241 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
242 add superio to the set.
245 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
246 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
249 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
250 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
251 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
252 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
253 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
254 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
255 completely in the future.
258 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
259 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
260 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
261 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
262 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
263 will be removed from the list.
266 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
267 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
268 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
269 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
272 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
273 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
274 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
275 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
278 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
279 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
280 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
281 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
284 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
285 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
286 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
289 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
290 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
291 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
292 your scripts, because they had no effect.
294 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
295 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
296 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
297 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
298 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
301 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
302 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
303 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
304 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
305 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
306 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
307 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
310 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
311 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
312 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
313 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
316 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
317 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
318 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
319 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
322 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
323 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
324 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
327 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
328 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
329 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
330 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
331 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
332 avoid running into the limit.
335 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
336 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
339 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
340 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
341 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
342 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
343 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
344 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
347 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
348 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
351 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
352 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
353 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
354 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
355 availability properties.
357 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
358 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
359 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
360 initial condition, if desired.
362 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
363 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
365 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
366 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
367 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
368 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
371 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
372 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
373 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
374 therefore unblocked).
377 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
378 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
379 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
380 is added to the command line.
381 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
382 not affected and should continue to work.
385 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
386 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
387 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
388 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
391 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
392 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
393 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
397 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
398 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
402 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
403 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
404 migrating to the drm ports.
407 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
408 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
409 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
410 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
411 is loaded automatically.
414 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
415 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
416 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
420 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
421 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
422 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
423 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
426 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
427 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
428 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
429 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
430 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
434 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
435 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
436 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
438 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
439 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
441 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
442 removed from the mips port.
445 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
446 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
447 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
451 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
452 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
455 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
456 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
457 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
458 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
461 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
462 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
463 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
466 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
467 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
468 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
472 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
473 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
474 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
476 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
477 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
478 being included using the command:
482 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
483 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
486 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
487 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
488 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
489 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
490 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
491 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
492 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
493 that as you will get better support.
495 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
496 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
497 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
498 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
500 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
501 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
502 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
503 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
507 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
508 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
509 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
510 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
511 be adjusted as necessary.
514 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
515 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
516 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
517 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
520 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
521 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
522 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
523 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
527 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
528 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
529 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
530 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
534 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
535 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
536 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
537 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
538 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
539 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
542 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
543 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
544 default since FreeBSD-11.
547 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
548 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
549 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
552 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
553 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
554 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
555 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
556 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
557 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
558 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
560 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
561 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
564 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
565 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
566 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
567 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
568 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
569 may not be observed in a future release.
572 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
573 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
577 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
578 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
579 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
580 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
583 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
584 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
585 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
586 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
590 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
591 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
592 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
595 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
596 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
597 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
598 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
599 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
602 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
603 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
604 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
605 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
606 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
607 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
610 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
611 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
612 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
616 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
617 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
618 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
621 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
622 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
623 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
624 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
625 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
626 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
627 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
628 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
629 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
630 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
634 Big endian arm support has been removed.
637 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
638 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
639 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
640 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
641 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
644 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
645 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
646 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
647 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
648 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
649 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
652 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
653 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
656 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
657 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
658 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
659 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
660 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
661 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
662 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
665 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
666 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
667 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
671 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
672 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
673 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
677 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
678 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
681 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
682 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
686 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
687 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
688 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
689 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
692 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
693 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
694 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
698 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
699 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
700 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
704 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
705 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
706 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
707 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
708 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
709 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
712 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
713 workaround is necessary.
716 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
717 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
718 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
719 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
722 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
723 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
724 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
725 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
726 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
729 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
730 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
731 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
732 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
735 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
736 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
737 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
741 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
742 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
746 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
747 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
751 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
752 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
753 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
754 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
755 microseconds and time zone offsets.
757 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
758 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
759 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
760 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
761 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
762 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
763 adjustments, depending on the software used.
765 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
766 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
769 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
772 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
773 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
774 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
776 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
778 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
779 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
780 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
781 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
782 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
783 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
784 thus expected to continue to function as before.
786 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
790 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
791 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
792 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
795 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
796 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
797 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
798 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
799 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
800 should be as simple as:
802 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
803 $ make depend all install
806 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
807 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
808 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
809 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
810 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
811 provisions for backup boot methods.
814 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
815 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
816 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
820 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
821 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
822 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
826 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
827 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
828 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
830 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
831 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
834 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
835 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
836 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
837 remove it from kernel config files.
840 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
841 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
842 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
844 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
845 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
848 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
849 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
850 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
851 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
854 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
855 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
858 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
859 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
860 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
861 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
864 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
865 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
866 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
867 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
868 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
869 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
872 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
873 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
874 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
877 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
878 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
879 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
880 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
881 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
884 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
885 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
886 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
887 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
888 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
892 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
893 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
894 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
895 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
896 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
897 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
898 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
899 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
900 than hardcoding paths.
903 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
904 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
905 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
908 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
909 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
910 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
911 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
914 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
915 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
918 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
919 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
920 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
921 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
924 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
925 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
926 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
927 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
928 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
931 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
932 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
933 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
934 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
938 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
939 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
940 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
941 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
942 soft-float everything else should be affected.
945 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
946 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
949 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
950 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
954 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
955 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
959 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
960 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
961 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
962 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
964 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
965 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
966 sandbox if successful.
968 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
969 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
970 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
971 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
972 an unprivileged user.
975 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
976 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
977 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
978 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
979 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
980 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
981 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
982 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
983 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
984 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
985 to which you should answer yes.
988 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
989 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
990 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
991 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
992 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
995 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
996 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
997 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1000 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1001 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1004 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1005 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1006 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1007 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1008 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1009 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1010 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1013 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1014 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1015 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1016 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1017 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1018 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1021 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1022 if you require the GPL compiler.
1025 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1026 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1027 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1030 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1031 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1032 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1036 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1037 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1038 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1039 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1040 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1041 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1044 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1045 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1046 which only require one chipset support.
1048 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1052 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1053 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1054 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1056 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1057 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1060 * load the chip modules in question
1061 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1063 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1064 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1066 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1069 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1070 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1071 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1073 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1074 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1075 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1077 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1078 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1079 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1080 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1081 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1082 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1083 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1084 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1087 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1088 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1089 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1092 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1093 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1094 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1097 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1098 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1099 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1100 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1101 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1102 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1103 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1106 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1107 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1108 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1109 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1112 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1113 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1114 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1117 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1118 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1119 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1122 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1123 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1125 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1126 via one of the following methods:
1127 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1128 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1129 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1130 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1132 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1135 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1136 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1137 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1138 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1142 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1143 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1144 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1145 be prefixed with colon.
1148 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1149 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1150 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1153 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1154 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1155 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1158 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1159 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1160 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1164 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1168 MCA bus support has been removed.
1171 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1172 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1175 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1176 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1179 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1180 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1181 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1185 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1186 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1187 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1190 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1191 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1192 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1195 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1196 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1197 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1200 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1201 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1202 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1203 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1206 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1207 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1209 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1210 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1213 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1214 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1215 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1219 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1220 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1221 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1224 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1225 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1228 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1229 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1230 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1231 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1234 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1235 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1236 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1237 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1238 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1241 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1244 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1245 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1246 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1247 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1250 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1251 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1252 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1256 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1257 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1258 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1259 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1260 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1264 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1265 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1268 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1271 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1272 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1273 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1274 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1275 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1276 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1280 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1281 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1282 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1283 previously contained a line like
1284 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1285 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1286 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1290 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1291 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1292 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1293 built with the old headers.
1296 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1297 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1298 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1299 installing a new libc.
1302 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1303 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1304 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1305 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1306 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1307 packages will be needed.
1309 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1310 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1311 and the install steps.
1314 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1315 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1316 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1317 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1318 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1319 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1322 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1323 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1324 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1325 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1326 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1328 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1329 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1330 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1331 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1332 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1334 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1335 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1336 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1337 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1338 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1339 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1342 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1343 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1344 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1345 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1346 quirks entry to 0x3.
1349 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1350 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1351 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1354 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1355 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1358 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1359 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1360 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1361 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1362 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1363 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1364 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1365 stale .depend files.
1368 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1369 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1370 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1374 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1375 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1376 make -C sys/boot install
1377 <reboot in single user>
1379 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1383 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1384 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1385 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1388 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1389 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1390 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1391 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1392 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1393 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1396 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1397 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1398 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1399 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1400 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1403 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1404 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1405 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1406 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1407 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1410 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1411 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1414 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1415 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1416 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1419 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1420 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1421 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1425 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1426 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1427 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1428 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1429 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1430 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1433 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1434 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1435 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1436 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1440 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1441 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1442 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1445 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1446 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1447 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1449 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1450 collation results will be different.
1452 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1453 locales before running make installworld.
1455 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1458 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1459 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1462 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1463 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1464 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1467 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1468 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1469 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1470 and 'make -N' will not.
1473 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1474 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1475 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1476 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1477 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1478 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1479 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1480 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1483 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1484 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1485 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1486 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1489 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1490 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1491 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1494 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1495 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1496 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1497 userland debug files.
1499 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1500 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1501 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1503 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1504 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1507 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1508 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1509 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1510 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1511 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1512 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1515 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1516 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1517 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1520 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1521 them, the kernel must have
1524 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1526 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1527 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1528 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1529 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1531 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1532 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1535 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1536 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1537 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1540 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1541 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1542 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1543 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1545 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1546 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1547 difference with this change.
1549 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1550 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1551 remove that workaround.
1554 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1555 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1556 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1559 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1562 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1563 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1564 loader.rc.local instead.
1567 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1568 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1569 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1572 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1573 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1574 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1576 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1577 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1580 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1581 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1582 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1583 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1584 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1585 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1586 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1587 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1588 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1589 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1590 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1591 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1594 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1595 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1597 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1598 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1599 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1601 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1602 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1604 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1605 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1606 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1608 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1609 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1610 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1611 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1613 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1614 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1615 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1616 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1618 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1619 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1620 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1621 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1622 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1623 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1624 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1625 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1629 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1630 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1633 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1634 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1637 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1638 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1639 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1640 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1641 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1644 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1645 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1646 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1647 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1650 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1651 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1652 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1653 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1654 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1655 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1656 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1658 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1659 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1660 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1661 replace it with '2'.
1662 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1663 a file path, create a new file with:
1664 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1665 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1666 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1667 5. Restart sendmail:
1668 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1670 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1674 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1675 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1676 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1677 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1680 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1683 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1684 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1685 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1688 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1689 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1692 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1693 same but content is different now
1694 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1695 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1696 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1697 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1698 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1701 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1702 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1703 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1706 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1707 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1710 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1711 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1714 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1715 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1716 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1719 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1720 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1721 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1722 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1725 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1726 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1727 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1730 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1731 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1732 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1733 kernel before rebooting.
1736 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1737 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1738 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1739 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1740 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1741 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1744 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1745 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1746 with the new kernel.
1749 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1750 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1751 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1754 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1755 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1756 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1757 are not already using 3.5.0.
1760 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1761 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1762 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1763 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1764 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1767 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1768 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1769 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1770 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1773 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1774 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1777 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1779 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1780 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1781 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1782 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1783 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1784 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1787 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1788 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1791 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1792 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1793 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1794 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1796 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1797 the instructions for 9.x above.
1799 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1800 default, and do not build clang.
1802 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1803 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1804 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1806 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1807 the following are most likely to appear:
1811 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1812 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1813 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1814 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1815 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1816 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1817 cast, or disable the warning.
1819 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1820 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1821 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1822 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1825 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1826 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1828 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1829 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1830 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1831 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1833 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1834 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1835 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1836 unreachable could be optimized away.
1839 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1840 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1841 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1842 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1843 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1844 the utilities will report errors.
1847 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1848 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1849 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1850 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1851 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1855 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1856 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1859 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1860 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1861 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1864 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1865 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1866 indicate what you need to do.
1868 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1869 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1870 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1872 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1873 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1877 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1878 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1882 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1883 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1887 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1891 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1892 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1893 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1894 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1895 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1896 their next update cycle.
1899 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1900 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1901 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1902 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1906 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1907 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1910 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1911 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1912 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1913 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1914 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1918 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1919 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1921 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1924 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1925 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1926 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1927 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1931 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1932 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1936 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1937 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1938 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1939 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1940 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1943 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1944 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1945 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1948 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1949 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1950 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1953 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1954 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1955 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1956 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1957 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1958 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1959 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1960 "make installworld".
1962 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1963 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1964 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1967 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1968 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1969 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1970 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1971 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1974 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1977 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1978 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1982 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1983 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1984 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1985 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1986 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1987 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1988 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1989 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1990 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1991 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1992 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1993 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1995 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1996 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1997 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2001 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2002 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2005 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2006 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2007 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2008 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2009 build hosts for older releases.
2011 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2012 r276991, respectively.
2015 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2016 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2017 will silently lack HESIOD.
2020 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2021 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2022 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2023 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2024 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2025 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2026 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2027 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2028 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2029 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2030 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2031 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2034 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2035 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2036 with command line option -W.
2039 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2040 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2041 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2042 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2043 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2046 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2049 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2050 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2053 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2054 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2055 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2056 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2057 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2060 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2061 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2062 kernel is still highly recommended.
2065 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2066 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2067 capability mode support in kernel.
2070 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2071 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2072 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2073 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2074 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2077 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2078 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2079 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2080 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2081 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2082 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2085 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2086 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2087 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2088 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2089 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2090 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2091 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2092 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2093 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2096 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2097 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2098 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2099 should change your settings to use the latter.
2102 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2103 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2104 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2105 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2106 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2109 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2110 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2111 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2113 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2115 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2118 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2125 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2126 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2127 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2128 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2129 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2130 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2131 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2132 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2134 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2135 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2136 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2137 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2138 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2139 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2140 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2141 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2144 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2145 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2146 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2147 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2150 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2151 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2152 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2153 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2155 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2156 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2157 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2158 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2159 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2160 should write them with this in mind.
2164 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2167 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2168 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2170 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2172 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2173 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2174 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2176 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2180 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2181 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2182 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2184 make kernel-toolchain
2185 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2186 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2188 To test a kernel once
2189 ---------------------
2190 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2191 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2192 debugging information) run
2193 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2194 nextboot -k testkernel
2196 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2197 -----------------------------------------------------------
2198 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2199 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2201 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2203 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2204 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2206 <reboot in single user> [3]
2213 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2214 --------------------------------------------------
2215 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2216 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2217 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2220 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2223 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2224 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2225 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2226 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2227 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2228 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2229 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2230 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2231 <reboot into current>
2232 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2233 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2237 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2238 ----------------------------------------------
2239 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2241 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2242 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2244 <reboot in single user> [3]
2251 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2252 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2253 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2254 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2255 the UPDATING entries.
2257 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2258 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2259 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2260 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2261 much fewer pitfalls.
2263 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2264 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2267 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2271 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2272 cd src # full path to source
2273 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2274 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2275 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2277 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2278 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2279 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2280 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2281 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2282 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2283 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2285 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2286 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2287 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2288 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2289 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2290 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2292 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2293 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2294 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2296 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2297 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2298 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2299 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2300 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2301 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2302 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2303 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2305 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2306 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2307 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2310 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2311 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2312 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2314 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2315 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2316 warn if it is improperly defined.
2319 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2320 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2321 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2322 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2323 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2325 Copyright information:
2327 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2329 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2330 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2331 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2333 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2334 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2335 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2336 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2337 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2338 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2339 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2340 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2341 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2342 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2343 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2345 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of