sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*-
   2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   5  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   6  *
   7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   8  * Mike Muuss.
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #if 0
  36 #ifndef lint
  37 static const char copyright[] =
  38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  39         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  40 #endif /* not lint */
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45 #endif
  46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  48
  49 /*
  50  *                      P I N G . C
  51  *
  52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  54  *
  55  * Author -
  56  *      Mike Muuss
  57  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  58  *      December, 1983
  59  *
  60  * Status -
  61  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  62  * Bugs -
  63  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  64  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  65  */
  66
  67 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  69 #include <sys/socket.h>
  70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  71 #include <sys/time.h>
  72 #include <sys/uio.h>
  73
  74 #include <netinet/in.h>
  75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  80
  81 #include <libcasper.h>
  82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <ctype.h>
  89 #include <err.h>
  90 #include <errno.h>
  91 #include <math.h>
  92 #include <netdb.h>
  93 #include <stddef.h>
  94 #include <signal.h>
  95 #include <stdio.h>
  96 #include <stdlib.h>
  97 #include <string.h>
  98 #include <sysexits.h>
  99 #include <time.h>
 100 #include <unistd.h>
 101
 102 #include "utils.h"
 103
 104 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 105 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 106 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 107 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 108 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 109 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 110                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 111 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 112 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 113 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 114 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 115 #define MAXTOS          255
 116
 117 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 118 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 119 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 120 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 121 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 122
 123 struct tv32 {
 124         int32_t tv32_sec;
 125         int32_t tv32_nsec;
 126 };
 127
 128 /* various options */
 129 static int options;
 130 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 131 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 132 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 133 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 134 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 135 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 136 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 137 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 138 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 139 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 140 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 141 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 142 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 143 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 144 #ifdef IPSEC
 145 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 146 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 147 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 148 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 149 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 150 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 151 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 152 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 153 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 154 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 155 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 156 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 157
 158 /*
 159  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 160  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 161  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 162  */
 163 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 164 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 165 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 166
 167 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
 168 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 169 static int maxpayload;
 170 static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
 171 static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
 172 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 173 static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 174 static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
 175 static char DOT = '.';
 176 static char *hostname;
 177 static char *shostname;
 178 static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
 179 static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 180 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 181 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 182 static int phdr_len = 0;
 183 static int send_len;
 184
 185 /* counters */
 186 static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 187 static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
 188 static long nreceived;          /* # of packets we got back */
 189 static long nrepeats;           /* number of duplicates */
 190 static long ntransmitted;       /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 191 static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 192 static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 193 static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
 194 static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
 195 static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
 196 static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
 197 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */
 198 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;    /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 199
 200 /* timing */
 201 static int timing;              /* flag to do timing */
 202 static double tmin = 999999999.0;       /* minimum round trip time */
 203 static double tmax = 0.0;       /* maximum round trip time */
 204 static double tsum = 0.0;       /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 205 static double tsumsq = 0.0;     /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 206
 207 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 208 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
 209 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 210
 211 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 212
 213 static void fill(char *, char *);
 214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 215 static void check_status(void);
 216 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 217 static void pinger(void);
 218 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 219 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 220 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
 221 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 222 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
 223 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
 224 static void status(int);
 225 static void stopit(int);
 226 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 227
 228 int
 229 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 230 {
 231         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 232         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 233         struct timespec last, intvl;
 234         struct iovec iov;
 235         struct msghdr msg;
 236         struct sigaction si_sa;
 237         size_t sz;
 238         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 239         const char *errstr;
 240         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 241         struct hostent *hp;
 242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 243         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 244 #endif
 245         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 246         double t;
 247         u_long alarmtimeout;
 248         long long ltmp;
 249         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 250         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 251         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
 252         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 254         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 255 #endif
 256         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 257
 258         payload = source = NULL;
 259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 260         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 261 #endif
 262         cap_rights_t rights;
 263         bool cansandbox;
 264
 265         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 266
 267         /*
 268          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 269          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 270          * after arg parsing.
 271          *
 272          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 273          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 274          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 275          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 276          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 277          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 278          * packets.
 279          */
 280         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 281         ssend_errno = errno;
 282         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 283         srecv_errno = errno;
 284
 285         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 286                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 287         uid = getuid();
 288
 289         if (ssend < 0) {
 290                 errno = ssend_errno;
 291                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 292         }
 293
 294         if (srecv < 0) {
 295                 errno = srecv_errno;
 296                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 297         }
 298
 299         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 300
 301         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 302         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 303                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 304 #ifdef IPSEC
 305 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 306                 "P:"
 307 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 308 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 309                 )) != -1)
 310         {
 311                 switch(ch) {
 312                 case 'A':
 313                         options |= F_MISSED;
 314                         break;
 315                 case 'a':
 316                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 317                         break;
 318                 case 'c':
 319                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
 320                         if (errstr != NULL)
 321                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 322                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 323                                     optarg);
 324                         npackets = (long)ltmp;
 325                         break;
 326                 case 'D':
 327                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 328                         df = 1;
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'd':
 331                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 332                         break;
 333                 case 'f':
 334                         if (uid) {
 335                                 errno = EPERM;
 336                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 337                         }
 338                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 339                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 340                         break;
 341                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 342                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 343                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 344                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 345                                     optarg);
 346                         }
 347                         sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
 348                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
 349                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 350                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 351                                     sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
 352                         }
 353                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 354                         break;
 355                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 356                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 357                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 358                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 359                                     optarg);
 360                         }
 361                         sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
 362                         if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
 363                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 364                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 365                                     sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
 366                         }
 367                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 368                         break;
 369                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 370                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 371                         if (errstr != NULL) {
 372                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 373                                     optarg);
 374                         }
 375                         sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
 376                         if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
 377                                 errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
 378                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 379                                     sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
 380                         }
 381                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 382                         break;
 383                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 384                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 385                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 386                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 387                                     optarg);
 388                         options |= F_MIF;
 389                         break;
 390                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 391                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 392                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 393                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 394                                     optarg);
 395                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 396                         interval = (int)t;
 397                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 398                                 errno = EPERM;
 399                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 400                         }
 401                         break;
 402                 case 'L':
 403                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 404                         loop = 0;
 405                         break;
 406                 case 'l':
 407                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 408                         if (errstr != NULL)
 409                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 410                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 411                         if (uid) {
 412                                 errno = EPERM;
 413                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 414                         }
 415                         preload = (int)ltmp;
 416                         break;
 417                 case 'M':
 418                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 419                         case 'M':
 420                         case 'm':
 421                                 options |= F_MASK;
 422                                 break;
 423                         case 'T':
 424                         case 't':
 425                                 options |= F_TIME;
 426                                 break;
 427                         default:
 428                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 429                                 break;
 430                         }
 431                         break;
 432                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 433                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 434                         if (errstr != NULL)
 435                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 436                         ttl = (int)ltmp;
 437                         options |= F_TTL;
 438                         break;
 439                 case 'n':
 440                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 441                         break;
 442                 case 'o':
 443                         options |= F_ONCE;
 444                         break;
 445 #ifdef IPSEC
 446 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 447                 case 'P':
 448                         options |= F_POLICY;
 449                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 450                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 451                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 452                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 453                         else
 454                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 455                         break;
 456 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 457 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 458                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 459                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 460                         payload = optarg;
 461                         break;
 462                 case 'Q':
 463                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 464                         break;
 465                 case 'q':
 466                         options |= F_QUIET;
 467                         break;
 468                 case 'R':
 469                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 470                         break;
 471                 case 'r':
 472                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 473                         break;
 474                 case 'S':
 475                         source = optarg;
 476                         break;
 477                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 478                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
 479                         if (errstr != NULL)
 480                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 481                                     optarg);
 482                         datalen = (int)ltmp;
 483                         if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) {
 484                                 errno = EPERM;
 485                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 486                                     "packet size too large: %d > %u",
 487                                     datalen, DEFDATALEN);
 488                         }
 489                         break;
 490                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 491                         ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
 492                         if (errstr != NULL)
 493                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 494                                     optarg);
 495                         mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
 496                         options |= F_MTTL;
 497                         break;
 498                 case 't':
 499                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 500                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 501                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 502                                     optarg);
 503                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 504                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 505                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 506                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 507                         break;
 508                 case 'v':
 509                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 510                         break;
 511                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 512                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 513                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 514                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 515                                     optarg);
 516                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 517                         waittime = (int)t;
 518                         break;
 519                 case 'z':
 520                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 521                         ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
 522                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
 523                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 524                         tos = ltmp;
 525                         break;
 526                 default:
 527                         usage();
 528                 }
 529         }
 530
 531         if (argc - optind != 1)
 532                 usage();
 533         target = argv[optind];
 534
 535         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 536         case 0: break;
 537         case F_MASK:
 538                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 539                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 540                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 541                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 542                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 543                 break;
 544         case F_TIME:
 545                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 546                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 547                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 548                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 549                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 550                 break;
 551         default:
 552                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 553                 break;
 554         }
 555         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 556         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 557                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 558         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 559         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 560                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 561                     maxpayload);
 562         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 563         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 564         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 565                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 566         }
 567         capdns = capdns_setup();
 568         if (source) {
 569                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 570                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 571                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 572                         shostname = source;
 573                 } else {
 574                         if (capdns != NULL)
 575                                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
 576                                     AF_INET);
 577                         else
 578                                 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 579                         if (!hp)
 580                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 581                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 582
 583                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 584                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 585                             hp->h_length < 0)
 586                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 587                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 588                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 589                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 590                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 591                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 592                         shostname = snamebuf;
 593                 }
 594                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 595                     -1)
 596                         err(1, "bind");
 597         }
 598
 599         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 600         to = &whereto;
 601         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 602         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 603         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 604                 hostname = target;
 605         } else {
 606                 if (capdns != NULL)
 607                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 608                 else
 609                         hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 610                 if (!hp)
 611                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 612                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 613
 614                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 615                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 616                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 617                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 618                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 619                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 620         }
 621
 622         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 623 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
 624         if (capdns != NULL) {
 625                 const char *types[1];
 626
 627                 types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
 628                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 629                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 630         }
 631 #endif
 632         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 633                 err(1, "connect");
 634
 635         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 636                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 637
 638         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 639                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 640                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 641         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 642             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 643                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 644                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 645
 646         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 647                 timing = 1;
 648
 649         if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
 650                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 651                         *datap++ = i;
 652
 653         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 654
 655         hold = 1;
 656         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 657                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 658                     sizeof(hold));
 659                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 660                     sizeof(hold));
 661         }
 662         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 663                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 664                     sizeof(hold));
 665 #ifdef IPSEC
 666 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 667         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 668                 char *buf;
 669                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 670                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 671                         if (buf == NULL)
 672                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 673                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 674                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 675                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 676                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 677                         free(buf);
 678                 }
 679
 680                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 681                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 682                         if (buf == NULL)
 683                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 684                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 685                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 686                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 687                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 688                         free(buf);
 689                 }
 690         }
 691 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 692 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 693
 694         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 695                 struct ip ip;
 696
 697                 memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
 698                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 699                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 700                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 701                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 702                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 703                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 704                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 705                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 706                 }
 707                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 708                 ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
 709                 ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 710                 ip.ip_tos = tos;
 711                 ip.ip_id = 0;
 712                 ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
 713                 ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
 714                 ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 715                 ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 716                 ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 717                 memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
 718         }
 719
 720         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
 721                 cansandbox = true;
 722         else if (capdns != NULL)
 723                 cansandbox = CASPER_SUPPORT;
 724         else
 725                 cansandbox = false;
 726
 727         /*
 728          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 729          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 730          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 731          */
 732         if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 733                 err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
 734
 735         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 736         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 737                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 738
 739         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 740         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 741                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 742
 743         /* record route option */
 744         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 745 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 746                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 747                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 748                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 749                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 750                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 751                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 752                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 753                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 754 #else
 755                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 756                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 757 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 758         }
 759
 760         if (options & F_TTL) {
 761                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 762                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 763                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 764                 }
 765         }
 766         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 767                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 768                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 769                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 770                 }
 771         }
 772         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 773                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 774                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 775                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 776                 }
 777         }
 778         if (options & F_MIF) {
 779                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 780                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 781                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 782                 }
 783         }
 784 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 785         {
 786                 int on = 1;
 787                 int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
 788                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
 789                     sizeof(on)) < 0)
 790                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 791                 if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
 792                     sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
 793                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
 794         }
 795 #endif
 796         if (sweepmax) {
 797                 if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
 798                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 799             "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
 800
 801                 if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
 802                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");
 803
 804                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 805                         errx(EX_USAGE,
 806                     "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 807
 808                 if (npackets > 0) {
 809                         snpackets = npackets;
 810                         npackets = 0;
 811                 } else
 812                         snpackets = 1;
 813                 datalen = sweepmin;
 814                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 815         }
 816         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 817                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 818
 819         /*
 820          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 821          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 822          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 823          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 824          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 825          */
 826
 827         /*
 828          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 829          * as well.
 830          */
 831         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 832         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 833             sizeof(hold));
 834         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 835         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 836         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 837                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 838         if (uid == 0)
 839                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 840                     sizeof(hold));
 841         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 842         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 843         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 844                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 845
 846         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 847                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 848                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 849                 if (source)
 850                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 851                 if (sweepmax)
 852                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 853                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 854                 else
 855                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 856
 857         } else {
 858                 if (sweepmax)
 859                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 860                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 861                 else
 862                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 863         }
 864
 865         /*
 866          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 867          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 868          */
 869
 870         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 871         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 872
 873         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 874         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 875                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 876         }
 877
 878         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 879         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 880                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 881         }
 882
 883         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 884                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 885                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 886                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 887         }
 888
 889         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 890         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 891         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 892         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 893 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 894         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 895         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 896 #endif
 897         iov.iov_base = packet;
 898         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 899
 900         if (preload == 0)
 901                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 902         else {
 903                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 904                         preload = npackets;
 905                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 906                         pinger();
 907         }
 908         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 909
 910         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 911                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 912                 intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 913         } else {
 914                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 915                 intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
 916         }
 917
 918         almost_done = 0;
 919         while (!finish_up) {
 920                 struct timespec now, timeout;
 921                 fd_set rfds;
 922                 int n;
 923                 ssize_t cc;
 924
 925                 check_status();
 926                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 927                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 928                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 929                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 930                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 931                 timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
 932                 timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
 933                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 934                         timespecclear(&timeout);
 935                 n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 936                 if (n < 0)
 937                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 938                 if (n == 1) {
 939                         struct timespec *tv = NULL;
 940 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 941                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
 942 #endif
 943                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 944                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 945                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 946                                         continue;
 947                                 warn("recvmsg");
 948                                 continue;
 949                         }
 950                         /* If we have a 0 byte read from recvfrom continue */
 951                         if (cc == 0)
 952                                 continue;
 953 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 954                         if (cmsg != NULL &&
 955                             cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 956                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 957                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 958                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 959                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 960                                 tv = &now;
 961                         }
 962 #endif
 963                         if (tv == NULL) {
 964                                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
 965                                 tv = &now;
 966                         }
 967                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 968                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 969                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 970                                 break;
 971                 }
 972                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 973                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 974                                 if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
 975                                         break;
 976                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
 977                                         *datap++ = i;
 978                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 979                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 980                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 981                         }
 982                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 983                                 pinger();
 984                         else {
 985                                 if (almost_done)
 986                                         break;
 987                                 almost_done = 1;
 988                                 intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
 989                                 if (nreceived) {
 990                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 991                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 992                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 993                                 } else {
 994                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 995                                         intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
 996                                 }
 997                         }
 998                         (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
 999                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1000                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1001                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1002                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1003                         }
1004                 }
1005         }
1006         finish();
1007         /* NOTREACHED */
1008         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1009 }
1010
1011 /*
1012  * stopit --
1013  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1014  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1015  * to be called from a signal handler.
1016  */
1017 void
1018 stopit(int sig __unused)
1019 {
1020
1021         /*
1022          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1023          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1024          */
1025         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1026                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1027         finish_up = 1;
1028 }
1029
1030 /*
1031  * pinger --
1032  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1033  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1034  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1035  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1036  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1037  */
1038 static void
1039 pinger(void)
1040 {
1041         struct timespec now;
1042         struct tv32 tv32;
1043         struct icmp icp;
1044         int cc, i;
1045         u_char *packet;
1046
1047         packet = outpack;
1048         memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1049         icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1050         icp.icmp_code = 0;
1051         icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1052         icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1053         icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */
1054
1055         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1056
1057         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1058                 (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1059                 /*
1060                  * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1061                  * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1062                  * packet. We're only concerned with
1063                  * durations, not absolute times.
1064                  */
1065                 tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1066                 tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1067                 if (options & F_TIME)
1068                         icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1069                                 * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1070                 if (timing)
1071                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1072                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1073                             sizeof(tv32));
1074         }
1075
1076         memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1077
1078         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1079
1080         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1081         icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1082         /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1083         memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1084             sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1085
1086         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1087                 struct ip ip;
1088
1089                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1090                 ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1091                 /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1092                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1093                     sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1094                 ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1095                 /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1096                 memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1097                     sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1098                 packet = outpackhdr;
1099         }
1100         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1101         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1102                 if (i < 0) {
1103                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1104                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1105                                 return;
1106                         }
1107                         warn("sendto");
1108                 } else {
1109                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1110                              hostname, i, cc);
1111                 }
1112         }
1113         ntransmitted++;
1114         sntransmitted++;
1115         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1116                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1117 }
1118
1119 /*
1120  * pr_pack --
1121  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1122  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1123  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1124  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1125  */
1126 static void
1127 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1128 {
1129         struct in_addr ina;
1130         u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1131         struct icmp icp;
1132         struct ip ip;
1133         const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1134         ssize_t icmp_data_raw_len;
1135         double triptime;
1136         int dupflag, i, j, recv_len;
1137         uint8_t hlen;
1138         uint16_t seq;
1139         static int old_rrlen;
1140         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1141         struct ip oip;
1142         u_char oip_header_len;
1143         struct icmp oicmp;
1144         const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1145
1146         /*
1147          * Get size of IP header of the received packet.
1148          * The header length is contained in the lower four bits of the first
1149          * byte and represents the number of 4 byte octets the header takes up.
1150          *
1151          * The IHL minimum value is 5 (20 bytes) and its maximum value is 15
1152          * (60 bytes).
1153          */
1154         memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1155         hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1156
1157         /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1158         if (hlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1159                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1160                         warn("IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", hlen,
1161                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1162                 return;
1163         }
1164
1165         memcpy(&ip, buf, sizeof(struct ip));
1166
1167         /* Check packet has enough data to carry a valid ICMP header */
1168         recv_len = cc;
1169         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1170                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1171                         warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1172                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1173                 return;
1174         }
1175
1176 #ifndef icmp_data
1177         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1178 #else
1179         icmp_data_raw_len = cc - (hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1180         icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1181 #endif
1182
1183         /* Now the ICMP part */
1184         cc -= hlen;
1185         memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1186         if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1187                 if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1188                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1189                 ++nreceived;
1190                 triptime = 0.0;
1191                 if (timing) {
1192                         struct timespec tv1;
1193                         struct tv32 tv32;
1194                         const u_char *tp;
1195
1196                         tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1197
1198                         if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1199                             sizeof(tv1)) {
1200                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1201                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1202                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1203                                 tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1204                                 timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1205                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1206                                     ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1207                                 tsum += triptime;
1208                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1209                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1210                                         tmin = triptime;
1211                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1212                                         tmax = triptime;
1213                         } else
1214                                 timing = 0;
1215                 }
1216
1217                 seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1218
1219                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1220                         ++nrepeats;
1221                         --nreceived;
1222                         dupflag = 1;
1223                 } else {
1224                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1225                         dupflag = 0;
1226                 }
1227
1228                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1229                         return;
1230
1231                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1232                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1233                         return;
1234                 }
1235
1236                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1237                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1238                 else {
1239                         (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1240                             pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1241                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1242                         if (timing)
1243                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1244                         if (dupflag)
1245                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1246                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1247                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1248                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1249                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1250                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1251                                         inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1252                         }
1253                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1254                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1255                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1256                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1257                         }
1258                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1259                                 (void)printf(
1260                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1261                                      recv_len, send_len);
1262                         }
1263                         /* check the data */
1264                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1265                                 icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1266                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1267                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1268                         i = 0;
1269                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1270                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1271                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1272                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1273                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1274                         }
1275                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1276                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1277         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1278             i, *dp, *cp);
1279                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1280                                         cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1281                                             offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1282                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1283                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1284                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1285                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1286                                         }
1287                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1288                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1289                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1290                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1291                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1292                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1293                                         }
1294                                         break;
1295                                 }
1296                         }
1297                 }
1298         } else {
1299                 /*
1300                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1301                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1302                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1303                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1304                  *
1305                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1306                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1307                  * available to those not running as root.
1308                  */
1309
1310                 /*
1311                  * If we don't have enough bytes for a quoted IP header and an
1312                  * ICMP header then stop.
1313                  */
1314                 if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1315                                 (ssize_t)(sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1316                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1317                                 warnx("quoted data too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1318                                         icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1319                         return;
1320                 }
1321
1322                 memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1323                 oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1324
1325                 /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1326                 if (oip_header_len < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1327                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1328                                 warnx("inner IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s",
1329                                         oip_header_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1330                         return;
1331                 }
1332
1333                 /*
1334                  * Check against the actual IHL length, to protect against
1335                  * quoated packets carrying IP options.
1336                  */
1337                 if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1338                                 (ssize_t)(oip_header_len + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1339                         if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1340                                 warnx("inner packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1341                                      icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1342                         return;
1343                 }
1344
1345                 memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(struct ip));
1346                 oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1347                 memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, sizeof(struct icmp));
1348
1349                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1350                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1351                      (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1352                      (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1353                      (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1354                      (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1355                     (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1356                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1357                     pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1358                 } else
1359                     return;
1360         }
1361
1362         /* Display any IP options */
1363         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1364
1365         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1366                 switch (*cp) {
1367                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1368                         hlen = 0;
1369                         break;
1370                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1371                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1372                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1373                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1374                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1375                         hlen -= 2;
1376                         cp += 2;
1377                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1378                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1379                                 for (;;) {
1380                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1381                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1382                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1383                                         else
1384                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1385                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1386                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1387                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1388                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1389                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1390                                                 break;
1391                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1392                                 }
1393                         } else
1394                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1395                         break;
1396                 case IPOPT_RR:
1397                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1398                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1399                         hlen -= 2;
1400                         cp += 2;
1401                         if (i > j)
1402                                 i = j;
1403                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1404                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1405                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1406                                 continue;
1407                         }
1408                         if (i == old_rrlen
1409                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1410                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1411                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1412                                 hlen -= i;
1413                                 cp += i;
1414                                 break;
1415                         }
1416                         old_rrlen = i;
1417                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1418                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1419                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1420                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1421                                 for (;;) {
1422                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1423                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1424                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1425                                         else
1426                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1427                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1428                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1429                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1430                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1431                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1432                                                 break;
1433                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1434                                 }
1435                         } else
1436                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1437                         break;
1438                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1439                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1440                         break;
1441                 default:
1442                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1443                         break;
1444                 }
1445         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1446                 (void)putchar('\n');
1447                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1448         }
1449 }
1450
1451 /*
1452  * status --
1453  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1454  */
1455
1456 static void
1457 status(int sig __unused)
1458 {
1459
1460         siginfo_p = 1;
1461 }
1462
1463 static void
1464 check_status(void)
1465 {
1466
1467         if (siginfo_p) {
1468                 siginfo_p = 0;
1469                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1470                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1471                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1472                 if (nreceived && timing)
1473                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1474                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1475                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1476         }
1477 }
1478
1479 /*
1480  * finish --
1481  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1482  */
1483 static void
1484 finish(void)
1485 {
1486
1487         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1488         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1489         (void)putchar('\n');
1490         (void)fflush(stdout);
1491         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1492         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1493         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1494         if (nrepeats)
1495                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1496         if (ntransmitted) {
1497                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1498                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1499                 else
1500                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1501                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1502                             ntransmitted);
1503         }
1504         if (nrcvtimeout)
1505                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1506         (void)putchar('\n');
1507         if (nreceived && timing) {
1508                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1509                 double avg = tsum / n;
1510                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1511                 (void)printf(
1512                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1513                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1514         }
1515
1516         if (nreceived)
1517                 exit(0);
1518         else
1519                 exit(2);
1520 }
1521
1522 #ifdef notdef
1523 static char *ttab[] = {
1524         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1525         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1526         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1527         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1528         "Echo",
1529         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1530         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1531         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1532         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1533         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1534         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1535 };
1536 #endif
1537
1538 /*
1539  * pr_icmph --
1540  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1541  */
1542 static void
1543 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1544 {
1545
1546         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1547         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1548                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1549                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1550                 break;
1551         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1552                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1553                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1554                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1555                         break;
1556                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1557                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1558                         break;
1559                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1560                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1561                         break;
1562                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1563                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1564                         break;
1565                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1566                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1567                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1568                         break;
1569                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1570                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1571                         break;
1572                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1573                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1574                         break;
1575                 default:
1576                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1577                             icp->icmp_code);
1578                         break;
1579                 }
1580                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1581                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1582                 break;
1583         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1584                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1585                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1586                 break;
1587         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1588                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1589                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1590                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1591                         break;
1592                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1593                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1594                         break;
1595                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1596                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1597                         break;
1598                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1599                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1600                         break;
1601                 default:
1602                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1603                         break;
1604                 }
1605                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1606                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1607                 break;
1608         case ICMP_ECHO:
1609                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1610                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1611                 break;
1612         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1613                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1614                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1615                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1616                         break;
1617                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1618                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1619                         break;
1620                 default:
1621                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1622                             icp->icmp_code);
1623                         break;
1624                 }
1625                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1626                 break;
1627         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1628                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1629                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1630                 pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1631                 break;
1632         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1633                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1634                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1635                 break;
1636         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1637                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1638                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1639                 break;
1640         case ICMP_IREQ:
1641                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1642                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1643                 break;
1644         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1645                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1646                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1647                 break;
1648         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1649                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1650                 break;
1651         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1652                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1653                 break;
1654         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1655                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1656                 break;
1657         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1658                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1659                 break;
1660         default:
1661                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1662         }
1663 }
1664
1665 /*
1666  * pr_iph --
1667  *      Print an IP header with options.
1668  */
1669 static void
1670 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1671 {
1672         struct in_addr ina;
1673         u_char *cp;
1674         int hlen;
1675
1676         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1677         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1678
1679         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1680         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1681             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1682             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1683         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1684             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1685             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1686         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1687                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1688         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1689         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1690         memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1691         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1692         /* dump any option bytes */
1693         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1694                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1695         }
1696         (void)putchar('\n');
1697 }
1698
1699 /*
1700  * pr_addr --
1701  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1702  * a hostname.
1703  */
1704 static char *
1705 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1706 {
1707         struct hostent *hp;
1708         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1709
1710         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1711                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1712
1713         if (capdns != NULL)
1714                 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1715         else
1716                 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1717
1718         if (hp == NULL)
1719                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1720
1721         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1722             inet_ntoa(ina));
1723         return(buf);
1724 }
1725
1726 /*
1727  * pr_retip --
1728  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1729  */
1730 static void
1731 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1732 {
1733         pr_iph(ip);
1734
1735         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1736                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1737                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1738         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1739                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1740                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1741 }
1742
1743 static char *
1744 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1745 {
1746         static char buf[11];
1747         int hour, min, sec;
1748
1749         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1750         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1751         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1752         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1753
1754         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1755
1756         return (buf);
1757 }
1758
1759 static void
1760 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1761 {
1762         char *cp;
1763         int pat[16];
1764         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1765
1766         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1767                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1768                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1769                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1770
1771         }
1772         ii = sscanf(patp,
1773             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1774             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1775             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1776             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1777
1778         if (ii > 0)
1779                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1780                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1781                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1782         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1783                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1784                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1785                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1786                 (void)printf("\n");
1787         }
1788 }
1789
1790 static cap_channel_t *
1791 capdns_setup(void)
1792 {
1793         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1794 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1795         const char *types[2];
1796         int families[1];
1797 #endif
1798         capcas = cap_init();
1799         if (capcas == NULL)
1800                 err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1801         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1802         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1803         cap_close(capcas);
1804         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1805                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1806 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1807         types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1808         types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1809         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1810                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1811         families[0] = AF_INET;
1812         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1813                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1814 #endif
1815         return (capdnsloc);
1816 }
1817
1818 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1819 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1820 #else
1821 #define SECOPT          ""
1822 #endif
1823 static void
1824 usage(void)
1825 {
1826
1827         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1828 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1829 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1830 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1831 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1832 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1833 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1834 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1835 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1836         exit(EX_USAGE);
1837 }