2 .\" Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Nathan Whitehorn <nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org>
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41 is used for installation of new systems, both for system setup from
42 installation media (e.g. CD-ROMs) and for use on live systems to prepare
47 takes a target and possible parameters of the target as arguments. If
48 invoked with no arguments, it will invoke the
50 target, which provides a standard interactive installation, invoking the
51 others in sequence. To perform a scripted installation, these subtargets
52 can be invoked separately by an installation script.
55 supports the following options, global to all targets:
56 .Bl -tag -width indent+
58 Provide a path for the installation log file
59 .Pq overrides Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG .
61 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
62 for more information on
66 Most of the following targets are only useful for scripting the installer.
67 For interactive use, most users will be interested only in the
73 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm jail Ar destination"
75 Run the standard interactive installation, including disk partitioning.
77 Reads a small amount of data from
79 and stores it in a file in the new system's root directory.
80 .It Cm jail Ar destination
81 Sets up a new chroot system at
85 Behavior is generally similar to
87 except that disk partitioning and network setup are skipped and a kernel is
88 not installed into the new system.
89 .It Cm script Ar script
90 Runs the installation script at
94 for more information on this target.
96 If the current controlling TTY is a
98 console, asks the user to set the current keymap, and saves the result to the
102 Prompts the user for a host name for the new system and saves the result to the
106 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
107 is set, also sets the host name of the current system.
109 Interactively configures network interfaces (first invoking
111 on wireless interfaces), saving the result to the new system's
116 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
117 is set, also configures the network interfaces of the current system to match.
119 Provides the installer's interactive guided disk partitioner for single-disk
120 installations. Partitions disks, runs
122 and writes the new system's
125 Provides the installer's interactive manual disk partitioner, with support
126 for multi disk setups, non-UFS file systems, and manual selection of
127 partition schemes. Partitions disks, runs
129 and writes the new system's
131 .It Cm scriptedpart Ar parameters
136 but non-interactively according to the disk setup specified in
138 Each disk setup is specified by a three-part argument:
144 Multiple disk setups are separated by semicolons. The
146 argument specifies the disk on which to operate (which will be erased),
149 argument specifies the
151 partition scheme to apply to the disk. If
155 will apply the default bootable scheme on your platform.
158 argument is also optional and specifies how to partition
160 It consists of a comma-separated list of partitions to create enclosed in
161 curly braces. Each partition declaration takes the form
168 specifies the partition size to create in bytes (K, M, and G suffixes
169 can be appended to specify kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes respectively),
172 keyword causes the partition to take all the remaining space on the disk. The
176 filesystem type (e.g. freebsd-ufs or freebsd-swap).
179 argument sets where the created partition is to be mounted in the installed
180 system. As an example, a typical invocation looks like:
182 bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0 { 20G freebsd-ufs /, 4G freebsd-swap, 20G freebsd-ufs /var, auto freebsd-ufs /usr }
184 Mounts the file systems previously configured by
190 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
192 Fetches the distributions in
195 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
197 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE .
199 Verifies the checksums of the distributions listed in
201 against the distribution manifest.
203 Extracts the distributions listed in
206 .Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
208 Interactively invokes
210 in the new system to set the root user's password.
212 Interactively invokes
216 Interactively sets the time, date, and time zone of the new system.
218 Queries the user for the system daemons to begin at system startup,
219 writing the result into the new system's
222 Installs the configuration files destined for the new system (e.g. rc.conf
223 fragments generated by
225 etc.) onto the new system.
227 .Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
228 The following environment variables control various aspects of the installation
229 process. Many are used internally during installation and have reasonable
230 default values for most installation scenarios. Others are set by various
231 interactive user prompts, and can be usefully overridden when making scripted
232 or customized installers.
233 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE"
235 The set of distributions to install (e.g. "base kernel ports"). Default: none
236 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
237 The directory in which the distribution files can be found (or to which they
238 should be downloaded). Default:
239 .Pa /usr/freebsd-dist
240 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE
241 URL from which the distribution files should be downloaded if they are not
242 already present in the directory defined by
243 .Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR .
244 This should be a full path to the files, including architecture and release
245 names. Most targets (e.g.
251 mirror will skip that step if this variable is already defined in the
252 environment. Example:
253 .Pa ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/powerpc/powerpc64/9.1-RELEASE
254 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT
255 The directory into which the distribution files should be unpacked and the
256 directory at which the root file system of the new system should be mounted.
259 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG
260 Path to a log file for the installation. Default:
261 .Pa /tmp/bsdinstall_log
262 .It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPETC
263 Directory where files destined for the new system's
265 will be stored until the
267 target is executed. If this directory does not already exist, it will be
269 .Pa /tmp/bsdinstall_etc
273 scripts consist of two parts: a
277 The preamble sets up the options for the installation (how to partition the
278 disk[s], which distributions to install, etc.) and the optional second part is
279 a shell script run under
281 in the newly installed system before
283 exits. The two parts are separated by the usual script header (#!), which
284 also sets the interpreter for the setup script.
286 A typical bsdinstall script looks like this:
287 .Bd -literal -offset indent
289 DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz"
292 echo "ifconfig_em0=DHCP" >> /etc/rc.conf
293 echo "sshd_enable=YES" >> /etc/rc.conf
299 release media, such a script placed at
300 .Pa /etc/installerconfig
301 will be run at boot time and the system will be rebooted automatically after
302 the installation has completed. This can be used for unattended network
303 installation of new systems; see
307 The preamble consists of installer settings. These control global installation
309 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES )
310 as well as disk partitioning. The preamble is interpreted as a
312 script run at the very beginning of the install. If more complicated behavior
313 than setting these variables is desired, arbitrary commands can be run here
314 to extend the installer. In addition to the variables in
315 .Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ,
318 the preamble can contain a variable
320 which is passed to the
322 target to control disk setup.
324 Following the preamble is an optional shell script, beginning with a #!
325 declaration. This script will be run at the end of the installation process
328 environment in the newly installed system and can be used to set up
329 configuration files, install packages, etc. Note that newly configured
330 system services (e.g. networking) have not been started in the installed
331 system at this time and only installation host services are available.
339 .An Nathan Whitehorn Aq nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org