2 # Example configuration file.
4 # See unbound.conf(5) man page, version 1.12.0.
8 # Use this anywhere in the file to include other text into this file.
9 #include: "otherfile.conf"
11 # Use this anywhere in the file to include other text, that explicitly starts a
12 # clause, into this file. Text after this directive needs to start a clause.
13 #include-toplevel: "otherfile.conf"
15 # The server clause sets the main parameters.
17 # whitespace is not necessary, but looks cleaner.
19 # verbosity number, 0 is least verbose. 1 is default.
22 # print statistics to the log (for every thread) every N seconds.
23 # Set to "" or 0 to disable. Default is disabled.
24 # statistics-interval: 0
26 # enable shm for stats, default no. if you enable also enable
27 # statistics-interval, every time it also writes stats to the
28 # shared memory segment keyed with shm-key.
31 # shm for stats uses this key, and key+1 for the shared mem segment.
34 # enable cumulative statistics, without clearing them after printing.
35 # statistics-cumulative: no
37 # enable extended statistics (query types, answer codes, status)
38 # printed from unbound-control. default off, because of speed.
39 # extended-statistics: no
41 # number of threads to create. 1 disables threading.
44 # specify the interfaces to answer queries from by ip-address.
45 # The default is to listen to localhost (127.0.0.1 and ::1).
46 # specify 0.0.0.0 and ::0 to bind to all available interfaces.
47 # specify every interface[@port] on a new 'interface:' labelled line.
48 # The listen interfaces are not changed on reload, only on restart.
49 # interface: 192.0.2.153
50 # interface: 192.0.2.154
51 # interface: 192.0.2.154@5003
52 # interface: 2001:DB8::5
54 # enable this feature to copy the source address of queries to reply.
55 # Socket options are not supported on all platforms. experimental.
56 # interface-automatic: no
58 # port to answer queries from
61 # specify the interfaces to send outgoing queries to authoritative
62 # server from by ip-address. If none, the default (all) interface
63 # is used. Specify every interface on a 'outgoing-interface:' line.
64 # outgoing-interface: 192.0.2.153
65 # outgoing-interface: 2001:DB8::5
66 # outgoing-interface: 2001:DB8::6
68 # Specify a netblock to use remainder 64 bits as random bits for
69 # upstream queries. Uses freebind option (Linux).
70 # outgoing-interface: 2001:DB8::/64
71 # Also (Linux:) ip -6 addr add 2001:db8::/64 dev lo
72 # And: ip -6 route add local 2001:db8::/64 dev lo
73 # And set prefer-ip6: yes to use the ip6 randomness from a netblock.
74 # Set this to yes to prefer ipv6 upstream servers over ipv4.
77 # Prefer ipv4 upstream servers, even if ipv6 is available.
80 # number of ports to allocate per thread, determines the size of the
81 # port range that can be open simultaneously. About double the
82 # num-queries-per-thread, or, use as many as the OS will allow you.
83 # outgoing-range: 4096
85 # permit unbound to use this port number or port range for
86 # making outgoing queries, using an outgoing interface.
87 # outgoing-port-permit: 32768
89 # deny unbound the use this of port number or port range for
90 # making outgoing queries, using an outgoing interface.
91 # Use this to make sure unbound does not grab a UDP port that some
92 # other server on this computer needs. The default is to avoid
93 # IANA-assigned port numbers.
94 # If multiple outgoing-port-permit and outgoing-port-avoid options
95 # are present, they are processed in order.
96 # outgoing-port-avoid: "3200-3208"
98 # number of outgoing simultaneous tcp buffers to hold per thread.
99 # outgoing-num-tcp: 10
101 # number of incoming simultaneous tcp buffers to hold per thread.
102 # incoming-num-tcp: 10
104 # buffer size for UDP port 53 incoming (SO_RCVBUF socket option).
105 # 0 is system default. Use 4m to catch query spikes for busy servers.
108 # buffer size for UDP port 53 outgoing (SO_SNDBUF socket option).
109 # 0 is system default. Use 4m to handle spikes on very busy servers.
112 # use SO_REUSEPORT to distribute queries over threads.
113 # at extreme load it could be better to turn it off to distribute even.
116 # use IP_TRANSPARENT so the interface: addresses can be non-local
117 # and you can config non-existing IPs that are going to work later on
118 # (uses IP_BINDANY on FreeBSD).
121 # use IP_FREEBIND so the interface: addresses can be non-local
122 # and you can bind to nonexisting IPs and interfaces that are down.
123 # Linux only. On Linux you also have ip-transparent that is similar.
126 # the value of the Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP)
127 # in the differentiated services field (DS) of the outgoing
131 # EDNS reassembly buffer to advertise to UDP peers (the actual buffer
132 # is set with msg-buffer-size).
133 # edns-buffer-size: 1232
135 # Maximum UDP response size (not applied to TCP response).
136 # Suggested values are 512 to 4096. Default is 4096. 65536 disables it.
139 # max memory to use for stream(tcp and tls) waiting result buffers.
140 # stream-wait-size: 4m
142 # buffer size for handling DNS data. No messages larger than this
143 # size can be sent or received, by UDP or TCP. In bytes.
144 # msg-buffer-size: 65552
146 # the amount of memory to use for the message cache.
147 # plain value in bytes or you can append k, m or G. default is "4Mb".
150 # the number of slabs to use for the message cache.
151 # the number of slabs must be a power of 2.
152 # more slabs reduce lock contention, but fragment memory usage.
155 # the number of queries that a thread gets to service.
156 # num-queries-per-thread: 1024
158 # if very busy, 50% queries run to completion, 50% get timeout in msec
159 # jostle-timeout: 200
161 # msec to wait before close of port on timeout UDP. 0 disables.
164 # msec for waiting for an unknown server to reply. Increase if you
165 # are behind a slow satellite link, to eg. 1128.
166 # unknown-server-time-limit: 376
168 # the amount of memory to use for the RRset cache.
169 # plain value in bytes or you can append k, m or G. default is "4Mb".
170 # rrset-cache-size: 4m
172 # the number of slabs to use for the RRset cache.
173 # the number of slabs must be a power of 2.
174 # more slabs reduce lock contention, but fragment memory usage.
175 # rrset-cache-slabs: 4
177 # the time to live (TTL) value lower bound, in seconds. Default 0.
178 # If more than an hour could easily give trouble due to stale data.
181 # the time to live (TTL) value cap for RRsets and messages in the
182 # cache. Items are not cached for longer. In seconds.
183 # cache-max-ttl: 86400
185 # the time to live (TTL) value cap for negative responses in the cache
186 # cache-max-negative-ttl: 3600
188 # the time to live (TTL) value for cached roundtrip times, lameness and
189 # EDNS version information for hosts. In seconds.
190 # infra-host-ttl: 900
192 # minimum wait time for responses, increase if uplink is long. In msec.
193 # infra-cache-min-rtt: 50
195 # the number of slabs to use for the Infrastructure cache.
196 # the number of slabs must be a power of 2.
197 # more slabs reduce lock contention, but fragment memory usage.
198 # infra-cache-slabs: 4
200 # the maximum number of hosts that are cached (roundtrip, EDNS, lame).
201 # infra-cache-numhosts: 10000
203 # define a number of tags here, use with local-zone, access-control.
204 # repeat the define-tag statement to add additional tags.
205 # define-tag: "tag1 tag2 tag3"
207 # Enable IPv4, "yes" or "no".
210 # Enable IPv6, "yes" or "no".
213 # Enable UDP, "yes" or "no".
216 # Enable TCP, "yes" or "no".
219 # upstream connections use TCP only (and no UDP), "yes" or "no"
220 # useful for tunneling scenarios, default no.
223 # upstream connections also use UDP (even if do-udp is no).
224 # useful if if you want UDP upstream, but don't provide UDP downstream.
225 # udp-upstream-without-downstream: no
227 # Maximum segment size (MSS) of TCP socket on which the server
228 # responds to queries. Default is 0, system default MSS.
231 # Maximum segment size (MSS) of TCP socket for outgoing queries.
232 # Default is 0, system default MSS.
233 # outgoing-tcp-mss: 0
235 # Idle TCP timeout, connection closed in milliseconds
236 # tcp-idle-timeout: 30000
238 # Enable EDNS TCP keepalive option.
239 # edns-tcp-keepalive: no
241 # Timeout for EDNS TCP keepalive, in msec.
242 # edns-tcp-keepalive-timeout: 120000
244 # Use systemd socket activation for UDP, TCP, and control sockets.
247 # Detach from the terminal, run in background, "yes" or "no".
248 # Set the value to "no" when unbound runs as systemd service.
251 # control which clients are allowed to make (recursive) queries
252 # to this server. Specify classless netblocks with /size and action.
253 # By default everything is refused, except for localhost.
254 # Choose deny (drop message), refuse (polite error reply),
255 # allow (recursive ok), allow_setrd (recursive ok, rd bit is forced on),
256 # allow_snoop (recursive and nonrecursive ok)
257 # deny_non_local (drop queries unless can be answered from local-data)
258 # refuse_non_local (like deny_non_local but polite error reply).
259 # access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 refuse
260 # access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow
261 # access-control: ::0/0 refuse
262 # access-control: ::1 allow
263 # access-control: ::ffff:127.0.0.1 allow
265 # tag access-control with list of tags (in "" with spaces between)
266 # Clients using this access control element use localzones that
267 # are tagged with one of these tags.
268 # access-control-tag: 192.0.2.0/24 "tag2 tag3"
270 # set action for particular tag for given access control element
271 # if you have multiple tag values, the tag used to lookup the action
272 # is the first tag match between access-control-tag and local-zone-tag
273 # where "first" comes from the order of the define-tag values.
274 # access-control-tag-action: 192.0.2.0/24 tag3 refuse
276 # set redirect data for particular tag for access control element
277 # access-control-tag-data: 192.0.2.0/24 tag2 "A 127.0.0.1"
279 # Set view for access control element
280 # access-control-view: 192.0.2.0/24 viewname
282 # if given, a chroot(2) is done to the given directory.
283 # i.e. you can chroot to the working directory, for example,
284 # for extra security, but make sure all files are in that directory.
286 # If chroot is enabled, you should pass the configfile (from the
287 # commandline) as a full path from the original root. After the
288 # chroot has been performed the now defunct portion of the config
289 # file path is removed to be able to reread the config after a reload.
291 # All other file paths (working dir, logfile, roothints, and
292 # key files) can be specified in several ways:
293 # o as an absolute path relative to the new root.
294 # o as a relative path to the working directory.
295 # o as an absolute path relative to the original root.
296 # In the last case the path is adjusted to remove the unused portion.
298 # The pid file can be absolute and outside of the chroot, it is
299 # written just prior to performing the chroot and dropping permissions.
301 # Additionally, unbound may need to access /dev/urandom (for entropy).
302 # How to do this is specific to your OS.
304 # If you give "" no chroot is performed. The path must not end in a /.
305 # chroot: "@UNBOUND_CHROOT_DIR@"
307 # if given, user privileges are dropped (after binding port),
308 # and the given username is assumed. Default is user "unbound".
309 # If you give "" no privileges are dropped.
310 # username: "@UNBOUND_USERNAME@"
312 # the working directory. The relative files in this config are
313 # relative to this directory. If you give "" the working directory
315 # If you give a server: directory: dir before include: file statements
316 # then those includes can be relative to the working directory.
317 # directory: "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@"
319 # the log file, "" means log to stderr.
320 # Use of this option sets use-syslog to "no".
323 # Log to syslog(3) if yes. The log facility LOG_DAEMON is used to
324 # log to. If yes, it overrides the logfile.
327 # Log identity to report. if empty, defaults to the name of argv[0]
328 # (usually "unbound").
331 # print UTC timestamp in ascii to logfile, default is epoch in seconds.
334 # print one line with time, IP, name, type, class for every query.
337 # print one line per reply, with time, IP, name, type, class, rcode,
338 # timetoresolve, fromcache and responsesize.
341 # log with tag 'query' and 'reply' instead of 'info' for
342 # filtering log-queries and log-replies from the log.
343 # log-tag-queryreply: no
345 # log the local-zone actions, like local-zone type inform is enabled
346 # also for the other local zone types.
347 # log-local-actions: no
349 # print log lines that say why queries return SERVFAIL to clients.
352 # the pid file. Can be an absolute path outside of chroot/work dir.
353 # pidfile: "@UNBOUND_PIDFILE@"
355 # file to read root hints from.
356 # get one from https://www.internic.net/domain/named.cache
359 # enable to not answer id.server and hostname.bind queries.
362 # enable to not answer version.server and version.bind queries.
365 # enable to not answer trustanchor.unbound queries.
366 # hide-trustanchor: no
368 # the identity to report. Leave "" or default to return hostname.
371 # the version to report. Leave "" or default to return package version.
374 # the target fetch policy.
375 # series of integers describing the policy per dependency depth.
376 # The number of values in the list determines the maximum dependency
377 # depth the recursor will pursue before giving up. Each integer means:
378 # -1 : fetch all targets opportunistically,
379 # 0: fetch on demand,
380 # positive value: fetch that many targets opportunistically.
381 # Enclose the list of numbers between quotes ("").
382 # target-fetch-policy: "3 2 1 0 0"
384 # Harden against very small EDNS buffer sizes.
385 # harden-short-bufsize: no
387 # Harden against unseemly large queries.
388 # harden-large-queries: no
390 # Harden against out of zone rrsets, to avoid spoofing attempts.
393 # Harden against receiving dnssec-stripped data. If you turn it
394 # off, failing to validate dnskey data for a trustanchor will
395 # trigger insecure mode for that zone (like without a trustanchor).
396 # Default on, which insists on dnssec data for trust-anchored zones.
397 # harden-dnssec-stripped: yes
399 # Harden against queries that fall under dnssec-signed nxdomain names.
400 # harden-below-nxdomain: yes
402 # Harden the referral path by performing additional queries for
403 # infrastructure data. Validates the replies (if possible).
404 # Default off, because the lookups burden the server. Experimental
405 # implementation of draft-wijngaards-dnsext-resolver-side-mitigation.
406 # harden-referral-path: no
408 # Harden against algorithm downgrade when multiple algorithms are
409 # advertised in the DS record. If no, allows the weakest algorithm
410 # to validate the zone.
411 # harden-algo-downgrade: no
413 # Sent minimum amount of information to upstream servers to enhance
414 # privacy. Only sent minimum required labels of the QNAME and set QTYPE
415 # to A when possible.
416 # qname-minimisation: yes
418 # QNAME minimisation in strict mode. Do not fall-back to sending full
419 # QNAME to potentially broken nameservers. A lot of domains will not be
420 # resolvable when this option in enabled.
421 # This option only has effect when qname-minimisation is enabled.
422 # qname-minimisation-strict: no
424 # Aggressive NSEC uses the DNSSEC NSEC chain to synthesize NXDOMAIN
425 # and other denials, using information from previous NXDOMAINs answers.
426 # aggressive-nsec: no
428 # Use 0x20-encoded random bits in the query to foil spoof attempts.
429 # This feature is an experimental implementation of draft dns-0x20.
430 # use-caps-for-id: no
432 # Domains (and domains in them) without support for dns-0x20 and
433 # the fallback fails because they keep sending different answers.
434 # caps-exempt: "licdn.com"
435 # caps-exempt: "senderbase.org"
437 # Enforce privacy of these addresses. Strips them away from answers.
438 # It may cause DNSSEC validation to additionally mark it as bogus.
439 # Protects against 'DNS Rebinding' (uses browser as network proxy).
440 # Only 'private-domain' and 'local-data' names are allowed to have
441 # these private addresses. No default.
442 # private-address: 10.0.0.0/8
443 # private-address: 172.16.0.0/12
444 # private-address: 192.168.0.0/16
445 # private-address: 169.254.0.0/16
446 # private-address: fd00::/8
447 # private-address: fe80::/10
448 # private-address: ::ffff:0:0/96
450 # Allow the domain (and its subdomains) to contain private addresses.
451 # local-data statements are allowed to contain private addresses too.
452 # private-domain: "example.com"
454 # If nonzero, unwanted replies are not only reported in statistics,
455 # but also a running total is kept per thread. If it reaches the
456 # threshold, a warning is printed and a defensive action is taken,
457 # the cache is cleared to flush potential poison out of it.
458 # A suggested value is 10000000, the default is 0 (turned off).
459 # unwanted-reply-threshold: 0
461 # Do not query the following addresses. No DNS queries are sent there.
462 # List one address per entry. List classless netblocks with /size,
463 # do-not-query-address: 127.0.0.1/8
464 # do-not-query-address: ::1
466 # if yes, the above default do-not-query-address entries are present.
467 # if no, localhost can be queried (for testing and debugging).
468 # do-not-query-localhost: yes
470 # if yes, perform prefetching of almost expired message cache entries.
473 # if yes, perform key lookups adjacent to normal lookups.
476 # deny queries of type ANY with an empty response.
479 # if yes, Unbound rotates RRSet order in response.
480 # rrset-roundrobin: yes
482 # if yes, Unbound doesn't insert authority/additional sections
483 # into response messages when those sections are not required.
484 # minimal-responses: yes
486 # true to disable DNSSEC lameness check in iterator.
487 # disable-dnssec-lame-check: no
489 # module configuration of the server. A string with identifiers
490 # separated by spaces. Syntax: "[dns64] [validator] iterator"
491 # most modules have to be listed at the beginning of the line,
492 # except cachedb(just before iterator), and python (at the beginning,
493 # or, just before the iterator).
494 # module-config: "validator iterator"
496 # File with trusted keys, kept uptodate using RFC5011 probes,
497 # initial file like trust-anchor-file, then it stores metadata.
498 # Use several entries, one per domain name, to track multiple zones.
500 # If you want to perform DNSSEC validation, run unbound-anchor before
501 # you start unbound (i.e. in the system boot scripts). And enable:
502 # Please note usage of unbound-anchor root anchor is at your own risk
503 # and under the terms of our LICENSE (see that file in the source).
504 # auto-trust-anchor-file: "@UNBOUND_ROOTKEY_FILE@"
506 # trust anchor signaling sends a RFC8145 key tag query after priming.
507 # trust-anchor-signaling: yes
509 # Root key trust anchor sentinel (draft-ietf-dnsop-kskroll-sentinel)
510 # root-key-sentinel: yes
512 # File with trusted keys for validation. Specify more than one file
513 # with several entries, one file per entry.
514 # Zone file format, with DS and DNSKEY entries.
515 # Note this gets out of date, use auto-trust-anchor-file please.
516 # trust-anchor-file: ""
518 # Trusted key for validation. DS or DNSKEY. specify the RR on a
519 # single line, surrounded by "". TTL is ignored. class is IN default.
520 # Note this gets out of date, use auto-trust-anchor-file please.
521 # (These examples are from August 2007 and may not be valid anymore).
522 # trust-anchor: "nlnetlabs.nl. DNSKEY 257 3 5 AQPzzTWMz8qSWIQlfRnPckx2BiVmkVN6LPupO3mbz7FhLSnm26n6iG9N Lby97Ji453aWZY3M5/xJBSOS2vWtco2t8C0+xeO1bc/d6ZTy32DHchpW 6rDH1vp86Ll+ha0tmwyy9QP7y2bVw5zSbFCrefk8qCUBgfHm9bHzMG1U BYtEIQ=="
523 # trust-anchor: "jelte.nlnetlabs.nl. DS 42860 5 1 14D739EB566D2B1A5E216A0BA4D17FA9B038BE4A"
525 # File with trusted keys for validation. Specify more than one file
526 # with several entries, one file per entry. Like trust-anchor-file
527 # but has a different file format. Format is BIND-9 style format,
528 # the trusted-keys { name flag proto algo "key"; }; clauses are read.
529 # you need external update procedures to track changes in keys.
530 # trusted-keys-file: ""
532 # Ignore chain of trust. Domain is treated as insecure.
533 # domain-insecure: "example.com"
535 # Override the date for validation with a specific fixed date.
536 # Do not set this unless you are debugging signature inception
537 # and expiration. "" or "0" turns the feature off. -1 ignores date.
538 # val-override-date: ""
540 # The time to live for bogus data, rrsets and messages. This avoids
541 # some of the revalidation, until the time interval expires. in secs.
544 # The signature inception and expiration dates are allowed to be off
545 # by 10% of the signature lifetime (expir-incep) from our local clock.
546 # This leeway is capped with a minimum and a maximum. In seconds.
547 # val-sig-skew-min: 3600
548 # val-sig-skew-max: 86400
550 # Should additional section of secure message also be kept clean of
551 # unsecure data. Useful to shield the users of this validator from
552 # potential bogus data in the additional section. All unsigned data
553 # in the additional section is removed from secure messages.
554 # val-clean-additional: yes
556 # Turn permissive mode on to permit bogus messages. Thus, messages
557 # for which security checks failed will be returned to clients,
558 # instead of SERVFAIL. It still performs the security checks, which
559 # result in interesting log files and possibly the AD bit in
560 # replies if the message is found secure. The default is off.
561 # val-permissive-mode: no
563 # Ignore the CD flag in incoming queries and refuse them bogus data.
564 # Enable it if the only clients of unbound are legacy servers (w2008)
565 # that set CD but cannot validate themselves.
568 # Serve expired responses from cache, with serve-expired-reply-ttl in
569 # the response, and then attempt to fetch the data afresh.
572 # Limit serving of expired responses to configured seconds after
573 # expiration. 0 disables the limit.
574 # serve-expired-ttl: 0
576 # Set the TTL of expired records to the serve-expired-ttl value after a
577 # failed attempt to retrieve the record from upstream. This makes sure
578 # that the expired records will be served as long as there are queries
580 # serve-expired-ttl-reset: no
582 # TTL value to use when replying with expired data.
583 # serve-expired-reply-ttl: 30
585 # Time in milliseconds before replying to the client with expired data.
586 # This essentially enables the serve-stale behavior as specified in
587 # RFC 8767 that first tries to resolve before
588 # immediately responding with expired data. 0 disables this behavior.
589 # A recommended value is 1800.
590 # serve-expired-client-timeout: 0
592 # Have the validator log failed validations for your diagnosis.
593 # 0: off. 1: A line per failed user query. 2: With reason and bad IP.
596 # It is possible to configure NSEC3 maximum iteration counts per
597 # keysize. Keep this table very short, as linear search is done.
598 # A message with an NSEC3 with larger count is marked insecure.
599 # List in ascending order the keysize and count values.
600 # val-nsec3-keysize-iterations: "1024 150 2048 500 4096 2500"
602 # instruct the auto-trust-anchor-file probing to add anchors after ttl.
603 # add-holddown: 2592000 # 30 days
605 # instruct the auto-trust-anchor-file probing to del anchors after ttl.
606 # del-holddown: 2592000 # 30 days
608 # auto-trust-anchor-file probing removes missing anchors after ttl.
609 # If the value 0 is given, missing anchors are not removed.
610 # keep-missing: 31622400 # 366 days
612 # debug option that allows very small holddown times for key rollover,
613 # otherwise the RFC mandates probe intervals must be at least 1 hour.
614 # permit-small-holddown: no
616 # the amount of memory to use for the key cache.
617 # plain value in bytes or you can append k, m or G. default is "4Mb".
620 # the number of slabs to use for the key cache.
621 # the number of slabs must be a power of 2.
622 # more slabs reduce lock contention, but fragment memory usage.
625 # the amount of memory to use for the negative cache.
626 # plain value in bytes or you can append k, m or G. default is "1Mb".
629 # By default, for a number of zones a small default 'nothing here'
630 # reply is built-in. Query traffic is thus blocked. If you
631 # wish to serve such zone you can unblock them by uncommenting one
632 # of the nodefault statements below.
633 # You may also have to use domain-insecure: zone to make DNSSEC work,
634 # unless you have your own trust anchors for this zone.
635 # local-zone: "localhost." nodefault
636 # local-zone: "127.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
637 # local-zone: "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa." nodefault
638 # local-zone: "onion." nodefault
639 # local-zone: "test." nodefault
640 # local-zone: "invalid." nodefault
641 # local-zone: "10.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
642 # local-zone: "16.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
643 # local-zone: "17.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
644 # local-zone: "18.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
645 # local-zone: "19.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
646 # local-zone: "20.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
647 # local-zone: "21.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
648 # local-zone: "22.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
649 # local-zone: "23.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
650 # local-zone: "24.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
651 # local-zone: "25.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
652 # local-zone: "26.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
653 # local-zone: "27.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
654 # local-zone: "28.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
655 # local-zone: "29.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
656 # local-zone: "30.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
657 # local-zone: "31.172.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
658 # local-zone: "168.192.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
659 # local-zone: "0.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
660 # local-zone: "254.169.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
661 # local-zone: "2.0.192.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
662 # local-zone: "100.51.198.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
663 # local-zone: "113.0.203.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
664 # local-zone: "255.255.255.255.in-addr.arpa." nodefault
665 # local-zone: "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa." nodefault
666 # local-zone: "d.f.ip6.arpa." nodefault
667 # local-zone: "8.e.f.ip6.arpa." nodefault
668 # local-zone: "9.e.f.ip6.arpa." nodefault
669 # local-zone: "a.e.f.ip6.arpa." nodefault
670 # local-zone: "b.e.f.ip6.arpa." nodefault
671 # local-zone: "8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa." nodefault
672 # And for 64.100.in-addr.arpa. to 127.100.in-addr.arpa.
674 # Add example.com into ipset
675 # local-zone: "example.com" ipset
677 # If unbound is running service for the local host then it is useful
678 # to perform lan-wide lookups to the upstream, and unblock the
679 # long list of local-zones above. If this unbound is a dns server
680 # for a network of computers, disabled is better and stops information
681 # leakage of local lan information.
682 # unblock-lan-zones: no
684 # The insecure-lan-zones option disables validation for
685 # these zones, as if they were all listed as domain-insecure.
686 # insecure-lan-zones: no
688 # a number of locally served zones can be configured.
689 # local-zone: <zone> <type>
690 # local-data: "<resource record string>"
691 # o deny serves local data (if any), else, drops queries.
692 # o refuse serves local data (if any), else, replies with error.
693 # o static serves local data, else, nxdomain or nodata answer.
694 # o transparent gives local data, but resolves normally for other names
695 # o redirect serves the zone data for any subdomain in the zone.
696 # o nodefault can be used to normally resolve AS112 zones.
697 # o typetransparent resolves normally for other types and other names
698 # o inform acts like transparent, but logs client IP address
699 # o inform_deny drops queries and logs client IP address
700 # o inform_redirect redirects queries and logs client IP address
701 # o always_transparent, always_refuse, always_nxdomain, resolve in
702 # that way but ignore local data for that name
703 # o noview breaks out of that view towards global local-zones.
705 # defaults are localhost address, reverse for 127.0.0.1 and ::1
706 # and nxdomain for AS112 zones. If you configure one of these zones
707 # the default content is omitted, or you can omit it with 'nodefault'.
709 # If you configure local-data without specifying local-zone, by
710 # default a transparent local-zone is created for the data.
712 # You can add locally served data with
713 # local-zone: "local." static
714 # local-data: "mycomputer.local. IN A 192.0.2.51"
715 # local-data: 'mytext.local TXT "content of text record"'
717 # You can override certain queries with
718 # local-data: "adserver.example.com A 127.0.0.1"
720 # You can redirect a domain to a fixed address with
721 # (this makes example.com, www.example.com, etc, all go to 192.0.2.3)
722 # local-zone: "example.com" redirect
723 # local-data: "example.com A 192.0.2.3"
725 # Shorthand to make PTR records, "IPv4 name" or "IPv6 name".
726 # You can also add PTR records using local-data directly, but then
727 # you need to do the reverse notation yourself.
728 # local-data-ptr: "192.0.2.3 www.example.com"
730 # tag a localzone with a list of tag names (in "" with spaces between)
731 # local-zone-tag: "example.com" "tag2 tag3"
733 # add a netblock specific override to a localzone, with zone type
734 # local-zone-override: "example.com" 192.0.2.0/24 refuse
736 # service clients over TLS (on the TCP sockets) with plain DNS inside
737 # the TLS stream, and over HTTPS using HTTP/2 as specified in RFC8484.
738 # Give the certificate to use and private key.
739 # default is "" (disabled). requires restart to take effect.
740 # tls-service-key: "path/to/privatekeyfile.key"
741 # tls-service-pem: "path/to/publiccertfile.pem"
745 # cipher setting for TLSv1.2
746 # tls-ciphers: "DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256"
747 # cipher setting for TLSv1.3
748 # tls-ciphersuites: "TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256"
750 # Use the SNI extension for TLS connections. Default is yes.
751 # Changing the value requires a reload.
754 # Add the secret file for TLS Session Ticket.
755 # Secret file must be 80 bytes of random data.
756 # First key use to encrypt and decrypt TLS session tickets.
757 # Other keys use to decrypt only.
758 # requires restart to take effect.
759 # tls-session-ticket-keys: "path/to/secret_file1"
760 # tls-session-ticket-keys: "path/to/secret_file2"
762 # request upstream over TLS (with plain DNS inside the TLS stream).
763 # Default is no. Can be turned on and off with unbound-control.
766 # Certificates used to authenticate connections made upstream.
767 # tls-cert-bundle: ""
769 # Add system certs to the cert bundle, from the Windows Cert Store
772 # Also serve tls on these port numbers (eg. 443, ...), by listing
773 # tls-additional-port: portno for each of the port numbers.
775 # HTTP endpoint to provide DNS-over-HTTPS service on.
776 # http-endpoint: "/dns-query"
778 # HTTP/2 SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS value to use.
779 # http-max-streams: 100
781 # Maximum number of bytes used for all HTTP/2 query buffers.
782 # http-query-buffer-size: 4m
784 # Maximum number of bytes used for all HTTP/2 response buffers.
785 # http-response-buffer-size: 4m
787 # Set TCP_NODELAY socket option on sockets used for DNS-over-HTTPS
791 # DNS64 prefix. Must be specified when DNS64 is use.
792 # Enable dns64 in module-config. Used to synthesize IPv6 from IPv4.
793 # dns64-prefix: 64:ff9b::0/96
795 # DNS64 ignore AAAA records for these domains and use A instead.
796 # dns64-ignore-aaaa: "example.com"
798 # ratelimit for uncached, new queries, this limits recursion effort.
799 # ratelimiting is experimental, and may help against randomqueryflood.
800 # if 0(default) it is disabled, otherwise state qps allowed per zone.
803 # ratelimits are tracked in a cache, size in bytes of cache (or k,m).
805 # ratelimit cache slabs, reduces lock contention if equal to cpucount.
808 # 0 blocks when ratelimited, otherwise let 1/xth traffic through
809 # ratelimit-factor: 10
811 # override the ratelimit for a specific domain name.
812 # give this setting multiple times to have multiple overrides.
813 # ratelimit-for-domain: example.com 1000
814 # override the ratelimits for all domains below a domain name
815 # can give this multiple times, the name closest to the zone is used.
816 # ratelimit-below-domain: com 1000
818 # global query ratelimit for all ip addresses.
819 # feature is experimental.
820 # if 0(default) it is disabled, otherwise states qps allowed per ip address
823 # ip ratelimits are tracked in a cache, size in bytes of cache (or k,m).
824 # ip-ratelimit-size: 4m
825 # ip ratelimit cache slabs, reduces lock contention if equal to cpucount.
826 # ip-ratelimit-slabs: 4
828 # 0 blocks when ip is ratelimited, otherwise let 1/xth traffic through
829 # ip-ratelimit-factor: 10
831 # Limit the number of connections simultaneous from a netblock
832 # tcp-connection-limit: 192.0.2.0/24 12
834 # select from the fastest servers this many times out of 1000. 0 means
835 # the fast server select is disabled. prefetches are not sped up.
836 # fast-server-permil: 0
837 # the number of servers that will be used in the fast server selection.
840 # Specific options for ipsecmod. unbound needs to be configured with
841 # --enable-ipsecmod for these to take effect.
843 # Enable or disable ipsecmod (it still needs to be defined in
844 # module-config above). Can be used when ipsecmod needs to be
845 # enabled/disabled via remote-control(below).
846 # ipsecmod-enabled: yes
848 # Path to executable external hook. It must be defined when ipsecmod is
849 # listed in module-config (above).
850 # ipsecmod-hook: "./my_executable"
852 # When enabled unbound will reply with SERVFAIL if the return value of
853 # the ipsecmod-hook is not 0.
854 # ipsecmod-strict: no
856 # Maximum time to live (TTL) for cached A/AAAA records with IPSECKEY.
857 # ipsecmod-max-ttl: 3600
859 # Reply with A/AAAA even if the relevant IPSECKEY is bogus. Mainly used for
861 # ipsecmod-ignore-bogus: no
863 # Domains for which ipsecmod will be triggered. If not defined (default)
864 # all domains are treated as being allowed.
865 # ipsecmod-allow: "example.com"
866 # ipsecmod-allow: "nlnetlabs.nl"
869 # Python config section. To enable:
870 # o use --with-pythonmodule to configure before compiling.
871 # o list python in the module-config string (above) to enable.
872 # It can be at the start, it gets validated results, or just before
873 # the iterator and process before DNSSEC validation.
874 # o and give a python-script to run.
876 # Script file to load
877 # python-script: "@UNBOUND_SHARE_DIR@/ubmodule-tst.py"
879 # Dynamic library config section. To enable:
880 # o use --with-dynlibmodule to configure before compiling.
881 # o list dynlib in the module-config string (above) to enable.
882 # It can be placed anywhere, the dynlib module is only a very thin wrapper
883 # to load modules dynamically.
884 # o and give a dynlib-file to run. If more than one dynlib entry is listed in
885 # the module-config then you need one dynlib-file per instance.
887 # Script file to load
888 # dynlib-file: "@UNBOUND_SHARE_DIR@/dynlib.so"
890 # Remote control config section.
892 # Enable remote control with unbound-control(8) here.
893 # set up the keys and certificates with unbound-control-setup.
896 # what interfaces are listened to for remote control.
897 # give 0.0.0.0 and ::0 to listen to all interfaces.
898 # set to an absolute path to use a unix local name pipe, certificates
899 # are not used for that, so key and cert files need not be present.
900 # control-interface: 127.0.0.1
901 # control-interface: ::1
903 # port number for remote control operations.
906 # for localhost, you can disable use of TLS by setting this to "no"
907 # For local sockets this option is ignored, and TLS is not used.
908 # control-use-cert: "yes"
910 # unbound server key file.
911 # server-key-file: "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@/unbound_server.key"
913 # unbound server certificate file.
914 # server-cert-file: "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@/unbound_server.pem"
916 # unbound-control key file.
917 # control-key-file: "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@/unbound_control.key"
919 # unbound-control certificate file.
920 # control-cert-file: "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@/unbound_control.pem"
923 # Create entries like below, to make all queries for 'example.com' and
924 # 'example.org' go to the given list of nameservers. list zero or more
925 # nameservers by hostname or by ipaddress. If you set stub-prime to yes,
926 # the list is treated as priming hints (default is no).
927 # With stub-first yes, it attempts without the stub if it fails.
928 # Consider adding domain-insecure: name and local-zone: name nodefault
929 # to the server: section if the stub is a locally served zone.
931 # name: "example.com"
932 # stub-addr: 192.0.2.68
935 # stub-tls-upstream: no
938 # name: "example.org"
939 # stub-host: ns.example.com.
942 # Create entries like below, to make all queries for 'example.com' and
943 # 'example.org' go to the given list of servers. These servers have to handle
944 # recursion to other nameservers. List zero or more nameservers by hostname
945 # or by ipaddress. Use an entry with name "." to forward all queries.
946 # If you enable forward-first, it attempts without the forward if it fails.
948 # name: "example.com"
949 # forward-addr: 192.0.2.68
950 # forward-addr: 192.0.2.73@5355 # forward to port 5355.
952 # forward-tls-upstream: no
953 # forward-no-cache: no
955 # name: "example.org"
956 # forward-host: fwd.example.com
959 # The data for these zones is kept locally, from a file or downloaded.
960 # The data can be served to downstream clients, or used instead of the
961 # upstream (which saves a lookup to the upstream). The first example
962 # has a copy of the root for local usage. The second serves example.org
963 # authoritatively. zonefile: reads from file (and writes to it if you also
964 # download it), primary: fetches with AXFR and IXFR, or url to zonefile.
965 # With allow-notify: you can give additional (apart from primaries) sources of
969 # primary: 199.9.14.201 # b.root-servers.net
970 # primary: 192.33.4.12 # c.root-servers.net
971 # primary: 199.7.91.13 # d.root-servers.net
972 # primary: 192.5.5.241 # f.root-servers.net
973 # primary: 192.112.36.4 # g.root-servers.net
974 # primary: 193.0.14.129 # k.root-servers.net
975 # primary: 192.0.47.132 # xfr.cjr.dns.icann.org
976 # primary: 192.0.32.132 # xfr.lax.dns.icann.org
977 # primary: 2001:500:200::b # b.root-servers.net
978 # primary: 2001:500:2::c # c.root-servers.net
979 # primary: 2001:500:2d::d # d.root-servers.net
980 # primary: 2001:500:2f::f # f.root-servers.net
981 # primary: 2001:500:12::d0d # g.root-servers.net
982 # primary: 2001:7fd::1 # k.root-servers.net
983 # primary: 2620:0:2830:202::132 # xfr.cjr.dns.icann.org
984 # primary: 2620:0:2d0:202::132 # xfr.lax.dns.icann.org
985 # fallback-enabled: yes
989 # name: "example.org"
990 # for-downstream: yes
992 # zonefile: "example.org.zone"
995 # Create named views. Name must be unique. Map views to requests using
996 # the access-control-view option. Views can contain zero or more local-zone
997 # and local-data options. Options from matching views will override global
998 # options. Global options will be used if no matching view is found.
999 # With view-first yes, it will try to answer using the global local-zone and
1000 # local-data elements if there is no view specific match.
1003 # local-zone: "example.com" redirect
1004 # local-data: "example.com A 192.0.2.3"
1005 # local-data-ptr: "192.0.2.3 www.example.com"
1008 # name: "anotherview"
1009 # local-zone: "example.com" refuse
1013 # 1. the keys/certs cannot be produced by unbound. You can use dnscrypt-wrapper
1014 # for this: https://github.com/cofyc/dnscrypt-wrapper/blob/master/README.md#usage
1015 # 2. dnscrypt channel attaches to an interface. you MUST set interfaces to
1016 # listen on `dnscrypt-port` with the follo0wing snippet:
1018 # interface: 0.0.0.0@443
1019 # interface: ::0@443
1021 # Finally, `dnscrypt` config has its own section.
1023 # dnscrypt-enable: yes
1024 # dnscrypt-port: 443
1025 # dnscrypt-provider: 2.dnscrypt-cert.example.com.
1026 # dnscrypt-secret-key: /path/unbound-conf/keys1/1.key
1027 # dnscrypt-secret-key: /path/unbound-conf/keys2/1.key
1028 # dnscrypt-provider-cert: /path/unbound-conf/keys1/1.cert
1029 # dnscrypt-provider-cert: /path/unbound-conf/keys2/1.cert
1032 # Enable external backend DB as auxiliary cache. Specify the backend name
1033 # (default is "testframe", which has no use other than for debugging and
1034 # testing) and backend-specific options. The 'cachedb' module must be
1035 # included in module-config, just before the iterator module.
1037 # backend: "testframe"
1038 # # secret seed string to calculate hashed keys
1039 # secret-seed: "default"
1041 # # For "redis" backend:
1042 # # redis server's IP address or host name
1043 # redis-server-host: 127.0.0.1
1044 # # redis server's TCP port
1045 # redis-server-port: 6379
1046 # # timeout (in ms) for communication with the redis server
1047 # redis-timeout: 100
1048 # # set timeout on redis records based on DNS response TTL
1049 # redis-expire-records: no
1052 # Add specify domain into set via ipset.
1053 # Note: To enable ipset unbound needs to run as root user.
1055 # # set name for ip v4 addresses
1056 # name-v4: "list-v4"
1057 # # set name for ip v6 addresses
1058 # name-v6: "list-v6"
1061 # Dnstap logging support, if compiled in. To enable, set the dnstap-enable
1062 # to yes and also some of dnstap-log-..-messages to yes. And select an
1063 # upstream log destination, by socket path, TCP or TLS destination.
1066 # # if set to yes frame streams will be used in bidirectional mode
1067 # dnstap-bidirectional: yes
1068 # dnstap-socket-path: "@DNSTAP_SOCKET_PATH@"
1069 # # if "" use the unix socket in dnstap-socket-path, otherwise,
1070 # # set it to "IPaddress[@port]" of the destination.
1072 # # if set to yes if you want to use TLS to dnstap-ip, no for TCP.
1074 # # name for authenticating the upstream server. or "" disabled.
1075 # dnstap-tls-server-name: ""
1076 # # if "", it uses the cert bundle from the main unbound config.
1077 # dnstap-tls-cert-bundle: ""
1078 # # key file for client authentication, or "" disabled.
1079 # dnstap-tls-client-key-file: ""
1080 # # cert file for client authentication, or "" disabled.
1081 # dnstap-tls-client-cert-file: ""
1082 # dnstap-send-identity: no
1083 # dnstap-send-version: no
1084 # # if "" it uses the hostname.
1085 # dnstap-identity: ""
1086 # # if "" it uses the package version.
1087 # dnstap-version: ""
1088 # dnstap-log-resolver-query-messages: no
1089 # dnstap-log-resolver-response-messages: no
1090 # dnstap-log-client-query-messages: no
1091 # dnstap-log-client-response-messages: no
1092 # dnstap-log-forwarder-query-messages: no
1093 # dnstap-log-forwarder-response-messages: no
1095 # Response Policy Zones
1096 # RPZ policies. Applied in order of configuration. QNAME and Response IP
1097 # Address trigger are the only supported triggers. Supported actions are:
1098 # NXDOMAIN, NODATA, PASSTHRU, DROP and Local Data. Policies can be loaded from
1099 # file, using zone transfer, or using HTTP. The respip module needs to be added
1100 # to the module-config, e.g.: module-config: "respip validator iterator".
1102 # name: "rpz.example.com"
1103 # zonefile: "rpz.example.com"
1104 # primary: 192.0.2.0
1105 # allow-notify: 192.0.2.0/32
1106 # url: http://www.example.com/rpz.example.org.zone
1107 # rpz-action-override: cname
1108 # rpz-cname-override: www.example.org
1110 # rpz-log-name: "example policy"