The &os; Project $FreeBSD$ 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 The &os; Documentation Project &tm-attrib.freebsd; &tm-attrib.ibm; &tm-attrib.ieee; &tm-attrib.intel; &tm-attrib.sparc; &tm-attrib.general; The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the &release.branch; development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented. This document contains the release notes for &os; &release.current;. It describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of &os;. It also provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of &os;. The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes apply represents the latest point along the &release.branch; development branch since &release.branch; was created. Information regarding pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be found at . ]]> The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;. Information regarding pre-built, binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be found at . ]]> This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution. It can be found at or any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the Obtaining &os; appendix to the &os; Handbook. ]]> All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before installing &os;. The errata document is updated with late-breaking information discovered late in the release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os; &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site. This section describes the most user-visible new or changed features in &os; since &release.prev;. In general, changes described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless specifically marked as &merged; features. Typical release note items document recent security advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os; between releases; this document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural improvements. A temporary file vulnerability in &man.texindex.1;, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running the &man.texindex.1; utility, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:01.texindex. &merged; A temporary file vulnerability in the &man.ee.1; text editor, which could allow a local attacker to overwrite files in the context of a user running &man.ee.1;, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:02.ee. &merged; Several vulnerabilities in the &man.cpio.1; utility have been corrected. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:03.cpio. &merged; An error in &man.ipfw.4; IP fragment handling, which could cause a crash, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:04.ipfw. &merged; A potential buffer overflow in the IEEE 802.11 scanning code has been corrected. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:05.80211. &merged; Two instances in which portions of kernel memory could be disclosed to users have been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:06.kmem. &merged; A logic bug in the IP fragment handling in &man.pf.4;, which could cause a crash under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:07.pf. &merged; A logic bug in the NFS server code, which could cause a crash when the server received a message with a zero-length payload, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:10.nfs. &merged; A programming error in the &man.fast.ipsec.4; implementation results in the sequence number associated with a Security Association not being updated, allowing packets to unconditionally pass sequence number verification checks, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:11.ipsec. &merged; A logic bug that could cause &man.opiepasswd.1; to allow an unprivileged user to configure OPIE authentication for the root user under certain circumstances, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:12.opie. &merged; An asynchronous signal handling vulnerability in &man.sendmail.8;, which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running sendmail, typically root, has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:13.sendmail. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] An information disclosure issue found in the &os; kernel running on 7th- and 8th-generation AMD processors has been fixed. For more details see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:14.fpu. &merged; A bug in &man.ypserv.8;, which effectively disabled the /var/yp/securenets access control mechanism, has been corrected. More details are available in security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:15.ypserv. &merged; A bug in the smbfs file system, which could allow an attacker to escape out of &man.chroot.2 environments on an smbfs mounted file system, has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:16.smbfs. &merged; A potential denial of service problem in &man.sendmail.8; caused by excessive recursion which leads to stack exhaustion when attempting delivery of a malformed MIME message, has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:17.sendmail. &merged; A potential buffer overflow condition in &man.sppp.4; has been corrected. For more details, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:18.ppp. &merged; An OpenSSL bug related to validation of PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:19.openssl. &merged; A potential denial of service attack against &man.named.8; has been fixed. For more details, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:20.bind. &merged; Several programming errors have been fixed in &man.gzip.1;. They could have the effect of causing a crash or an infinite loop when decompressing files. More information can be found in security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:21.gzip. &merged; Several vulnerabilities have been fixed in OpenSSH. More details can be found in security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:22.openssh. &merged; Multiple errors in the OpenSSL &man.crypto.3; library have been fixed. Potential effects are varied, and are documented in more detail in security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:23.openssl. &merged; A bug that could permit corrupt archives to cause an infinite loop in &man.libarchive.3; and &man.tar.1; has been fixed. More details are available in FreeBSD-SA-06:24.libarchive. &merged; A bug that could allow users in the operator group to read parts of kernel memory has been corrected. For more details, consult security advisory FreeBSD-SA-06:25.kmem. &merged; A bug in the jail startup script that could permit privilege escalation via a symlink attack has been fixed. More information is available in FreeBSD-SA-07:01.jail. &merged; Two remote denials of service in BIND (one involving DNSSEC and one involving recursive DNS queries) have been fixed. For more information, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-07:02.bind. &merged; &man.acpi.4; now has support for the HPET time counter. &merged; The &man.acpi.ibm.4; driver now supports setting the fan control mode to manual or automatic, and adjusting the fan speed if the fan control mode is manual. To enable manual control of the fan speed, the sysctl variable dev.acpi_ibm.0.fan needs to be set to zero (manual). This should only be used with extreme precaution, as disabling automatic fan control might overheat the hardware and lead to permanent damage. The &man.apm.4; suspend/resume support has been improved. Security event auditing is now supported in the &os; kernel, and is enabled by the AUDIT kernel configuration option. More information can be found in the &man.audit.4; manual page. The options COMPAT_43 kernel configuration option has been deemed unnecessary and has been removed from GENERIC and related kernel configurations. This change may result in a small performance increase for some workloads. The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the show lock command. If the argument has a valid lock class, this displays various information about the lock and calls a new function pointer in lock_class (lc_ddb_show) to dump class-specific information about the lock as well (such as the owner of a mutex or xlock'ed sx lock). &merged; The &man.ddb.4; debugger now provides the show sleepq command. This takes a wait channel as an argument and looks for a sleep queue associated with that wait channel. DEFAULTS kernel configuration files for each platform have been added. These files contain directives that are implicitly included in all kernel configurations, and generally include basic, mandatory functionality for each platform. &merged; A bug in file descriptor handling such that a simple close(0); dup(fd) sequence does not return descriptor 0 in some cases, has been fixed. The &man.firmware.9; subsystem has been added. This subsystem provides a mechanism to load binary data into the kernel via a specially crafted module. &merged; The &man.gdb.1; remote debugging interface now supports copying console messages to a remote debugger instance. To enable this, set debug.gdbcons="1" in loader.conf, enter boot -d; gdb; step from the loader prompt, then attach &man.gdb.1; from a remote machine. The sysctl variable debug.gdbcons can be used to turn on/off this functionality. &man.hwpmc.4; and &man.pmcstat.8; now support profiling of dynamically loaded kernel modules and shared objects loaded with &man.dlopen.3;. &man.pmcstat.8; can now log over a network socket to a remote host. A new kern.hostuuid sysctl variable has been added to hold a host's Universally Unique Identifier (UUID). This UUID is computed or generated by a new rc.d/hostid startup script and, where possible, is saved to disk to be persistent across reboots. Support for Kernel Scheduled Entities (KSE) is now a kernel option (previously it was a mandatory feature in the kernel). It is enabled in the GENERIC kernel (thus there is no change in functionality) for all platforms except &arch.sun4v;. Support for Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) has been added to the &man.pci.4; driver. &merged; The &man.priv.9; kernel interface has been added. Its purpose is checking the availability of privilege for threads and credentials. Unlike the existing &man.suser.9; interface, &man.priv.9; exposes a named privilege identifier to the privilege checking code, allowing more complex policies regarding the granting of privilege to be expressed. The &man.random.4; entropy device driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; &os; now supports concurrent &man.read.2;/&man.readv.2; access to a file. The ULE process scheduler has been revised to improve its behavior, in particular interactivity under load. This implementation can commonly be referred to as ULE 2.0. The experimental CORE process scheduler has been added, enabled with the options SCHED_CORE kernel configuration option. It is forked from the &man.sched.ule.4; scheduler, but with a different algorithm for detecting an interactive process. More information can be found in the &man.sched.core.4; manual page. The SIGCHLD signal queuing has been added. For each child process whose status has been changed, a SIGCHLD instance is queued. If the signal is still pending, and the process changed status several times, the signal information is updated to reflect the latest process status. There is a loader tunable kern.sigqueue.queue_sigchild which can control the behavior, setting it to zero disables the SIGCHLD queuing feature. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Instead of including all of physical memory in a kernel crash dump, the kernel now defaults to dumping only pages that are actively mapped into kernel virtual memory. A new debug.minidump sysctl variable can be used to turn off this behavior when set to zero. &merged; A new sysctl variable kern.malloc_stats has been added. This allows exporting of kernel malloc statistics via a binary structure stream. A new sysctl variable kern.forcesigexit has been added. This forces a process to sigexit if a trap signal is being held by the current thread or ignored by the current process. It is enabled by default. The pcvt(4) driver, an alternative to &man.syscons.4;, has been removed, as it had fallen out of sync with the rest of the kernel. RedZone, a buffer corruption protection for the kernel &man.malloc.9; facility has been implemented. This detects both buffer underflows and overflows at runtime on &man.free.9; and &man.realloc.9;, and prints backtraces from where memory was allocated and from where it was freed. For more details, see the &man.redzone.9; manual page. A new sysctl variable security.mac.biba.interfaces_equal which makes all network interfaces be created with the label biba/equal(equal-equal), has been added. This is useful where programs such as &man.dhclient.8; and &man.ppp.8;. which initialize network interfaces do not have any labeling support. This variable is set as 0 (disabled) by default. &merged; A new sysctl variable vm.zone_stats has been added. This allows to export &man.uma.9; allocator statistics via a binary structure stream. The sysctl variable hw.pci.do_powerstate has been changed from a boolean to a range. 0 means no power management, 1 means conservative power management which any device class that has caused problems is added to the watch list, 2 means aggressive power management where any device class that is not fundamental to the system is added to the list, and 3 means power them all down unconditionally. The default is 1. [&arch.ia64;] The GENERIC kernel now enables SMP support by default. Sample kernel configuration files src/sys/arch/conf/MAC for the Mandatory Access Control framework have been added. POSIX_TIMERS support has been updated to 200112L. An experimental support for POSIX message queue has been implemented. &os; now runs on the Xbox, whose architecture is nearly identical to the i386. For details of the latest development, see . &merged; The locking strategy for UNIX domain sockets has been revised to improve concurrency; this change has yielded substantial performance improvements on various SMP workloads (in particular, MySQL on 8-way &arch.amd64; systems) with little or no measured overhead on UP systems. Several minor but widespread changes to the Newbus API have been made In order to support some on-going work with interrupt filtering. Because this change also breaks the kernel ABI, all third-party device drivers will need to be modified and recompiled. A new option -S, which allows setting the boot2 serial console speed in the /boot.config file or on the boot: prompt line, has been added. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] A new loader tunable comconsole_speed to change the serial console speed has been added. If the previous stage boot loader requested a serial console, then the default speed is determined from the current serial port speed. Otherwise it is set to 9600 or the value of the BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED kernel option. &merged; [&arch.pc98;] A bootable CDROM loader has been implemented for the pc98 platform. &merged; [&arch.i386;] A bug in the i386 boot loader, which could cause file system corruption if a nextboot.conf file was used and landed after cylinder 1023, has been fixed. &merged; The &man.amdsmb.4; driver has been added. It provides support for the AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 controller. &merged; The &man.cardbus.4;, &man.pccard.4;, &man.pccbb.4;, and &man.exca.4; drivers are now buildable as kernel modules. An &man.acpi.dock.4; driver has been added to provide support for controlling laptop docking station functions via ACPI. &merged; The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports passive cooling. &merged; The &man.acpi.thermal.4; driver now supports overriding the _PSV, _HOT, and _CRT temperature values. Support for the alpha architecture has been removed. Alpha support will remain on the RELENG_5 and RELENG_6 codelines. The &man.cardbus.4; driver now supports /dev/cardbus%d.cis. [&arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.ce.4; driver, which supports Cronyx Tau-PCI/32 adapters, has been added. &merged; The est &man.cpufreq.4; driver now supports frequency control for the VIA C7-M family of processors. Support for the PadLock Security Co-processor in VIA C3, Eden, and C7 processors has been added to the &man.crypto.9; subsystem. More information can be found in the &man.padlock.4; manual page. &merged; icee(4), a generic I2C EEPROM driver, has been added. A bug which prevented the &man.ichsmb.4; kernel module from unloading has been fixed. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] Dual-core processors (such as the Intel Core Duo) now have both cores available for use by default in SMP-enabled kernels. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] &man.ipmi.4;, an OpenIPMI compatible driver, has been added. OpenIPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) is an open standard designed to enable remote monitoring and control of server, networking and telecommunication platforms. &merged; The &man.kbdmux.4; driver has been integrated into &man.syscons.4; and the kbd device driver. By default &man.syscons.4; will look for the &man.kbdmux.4; keyboard first, and then, if not found, look for any keyboard. Switching to &man.kbdmux.4; can be done at boot time by loading the kbdmux kernel module via &man.loader.8;, or at runtime via &man.kldload.8; and releasing the active keyboard. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.kbdmux.4; driver is now included in the GENERIC kernel by default. Also, the Boot FreeBSD with USB keyboard menu item in the boot loader menu has been removed since this fixes USB keyboard probing problems. &merged; The &man.nfsmb.4; driver, which supports the NVIDIA nForce 2/3/4 SMBus 2.0 controller, has been added. &merged; [&arch.ia64;, &arch.powerpc;] The loader tunable debug.mpsafevfs is set to 1 by default. The &man.sab.4; driver has been removed (it has been superceded by the &man.scc.4; driver). The &man.scc.4; driver has been added. This provides generic support for serial communications controllers and delegates the control over each channel and mode to a subordinate driver such as &man.uart.4;. [&arch.amd64;] The smbios(4) driver support for amd64 has been added. [&arch.sun4v;] &os; now has preliminary support for the Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC-T1 architecture. &os;/sun4v has been demonstrated to run on the Sun Fire T1000 and Sun Fire T2000 servers. More information can be found on the sun4v Project page. The tnt4882(4) driver, which supports the National Instruments PCI-GPIB card, has been added. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.ia64;, &arch.sparc64;] The &man.uart.4; driver has been included in the GENERIC kernel by default. When both &man.sio.4; and &man.uart.4; can handle a given serial port, &man.sio.4; will claim it. The &man.uart.4; driver now supports LOM (Lights Out Management) and RSC (Remote System Control) devices as consoles. The zs driver has been removed. Its functionality has been superceded by that of the &man.uart.4; driver. [&arch.i386;] A new loader tunable hw.apic.enable_extint has been added. This tunable can be used to disable masking of the ExtINT pin on the first I/O APIC. At least one chipset for the Intel Pentium III seems to need this, even though all of the pins in the 8259As are masked. The default is still to mask the ExtINT pin. [&arch.i386;] Support has been improved for so-called legacy-free hardware, in particular, i386 systems without AT-style keyboard controllers such as the Macbook Pro. &merged; The &man.agp.4; driver now supports ATI AGP chipsets. &merged; The new midi(4) driver which is based on NetBSD's one has been added. This supports &man.snd.cmi.4; and &man.snd.emu10k1.4; drivers. The &man.sound.4; driver now supports wider range sampling rate, multiple precisions choice, and 24/32 bit PCM format conversion. &merged; The &man.snd.als4000.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver has been added. This supports ATI IXP 200/300/400 series audio controllers. &merged; The &man.snd.atiixp.4; driver now supports suspend and resume features. The &man.snd.cmi.4; driver is now MPSAFE. The &man.snd.emu10kx.4; driver has been added. It supports Creative SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy series sound cards with optional pseudo-multichannel playback. The &man.snd.envy24.4; driver has been added to support the Envy24 series of audio chips. The &man.snd.envy24ht.4; driver has been added to support the VIA Envy24HT series of audio chips. The &man.snd.es137x.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.snd.ich.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.snd.hda.4; driver has been added. It supports devices that conform to revision 1.0 of the Intel High Definition Audio specification. The &man.snd.solo.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.snd.spicds.4; driver has been added to support I2S SPI audio codec chips. The &man.snd.via8233.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.snd.via82c686.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; [&arch.amd64;] The &man.speaker.4; driver now supports &os;/amd64. &merged; The &man.uaudio.4; driver now supports 24/32 bit audio formats and conversion. The &man.ath.4; driver has been updated to HAL version 0.9.20.3. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;, &arch.sparc64;] The &man.ath.4;, &man.ath.hal.4;, and ath_rate_sample drivers have been included in the GENERIC kernel by default. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.bce.4; driver, which supports Broadcom NetXtreme II (BCM5706/BCM5708) PCI/PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers, has been added. For more details, see &man.bce.4;. &merged; A bug which prevents the &man.bfe.4; driver from working on a system with over 1GB RAM has been fixed. &merged; The &man.bge.4; driver's Jumbo frame support is now MPSAFE. The &man.bge.4; driver now supports big-endian architectures such as sparc64. The &man.bge.4; driver now supports &man.polling.4; mode. &merged; The &man.cm.4; driver is now MPSAFE. The &man.cxgb.4; driver has been added. It provides support for 10 Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Chelsio T3 and T3B chipsets. The &man.dc.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.de.4; driver has been converted to the &man.bus.dma.9; API and is now MPSAFE. The &man.ed.4; driver is now MPSAFE. The &man.el.4; driver has been removed due to lack of use. The &man.em.4; driver now supports big-endian architectures such as sparc64. &merged; The &man.em.4; driver has been updated to version 6.2.9 from Intel. Among other changes, it now supports 80003, 82571, 82571EB and 82572 based adapters, as well as onboard-NICs on ICH8-based motherboards. &merged; The &man.em.4; driver now includes initial support for suspend and resume features. The performance of the &man.em.4; driver has been improved by using a fast interrupt handler and taskqueue instead of ithread handler. This change can be disabled by defining NO_EM_FASTINTR kernel option for debugging purpose. The firmware images needed by the &man.ipw.4; driver are now part of the &os; base system. For the loaded firmware to work the license at /usr/share/doc/legal/intel_ipw/LICENSE must be agreed to and legal.intel_ipw.license_ack=1 has to be added to /boot/loader.conf. Prior versions of the driver used the firmware image in the net/ipw-firmware-kmod port/package or the net/ipw-firmware port/package. &merged; The &man.iwi.4; driver now supports big-endian architectures such as sparc64. A number of improvements and bugfixes have been made to the functionality of the &man.iwi.4; driver. &merged; The firmware images needed by the &man.iwi.4; driver are now part of the &os; base system. For the loaded firmware to work the license at /usr/share/doc/legal/intel_iwi/LICENSE must be agreed to and legal.intel_iwi.license_ack=1 has to be added to /boot/loader.conf. Prior versions of the driver used the firmware image in the net/iwi-firmware-kmod port/package or the net/iwi-firmware port/package. &merged; The &man.le.4; driver, which supports AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx PCnet NICs, has been added. While the &man.lnc.4; driver also supports these NICs, this driver has several advantages over it such as MPSAFE, ALTQ, VLAN_MTU, ifmedia, and 32-bit DMA for PCI variants. This driver is based on NetBSD's implementation. &merged; The &man.lge.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The lnc(4) driver has been removed. The &man.le.4; and &man.pcn.4; drivers support all devices that were supported by lnc(4). The &man.msk.4; driver has been added. It supports network interfaces using the Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit Ethernet controller. &merged; The &man.my.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.my.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.mxge.4; driver, which supports Myricom Myri10GE 10 Gigabit Ethernet adapters, has been added. For more details, see &man.mxge.4;. The &man.nfe.4; driver, an open-source driver for nForce Ethernet devices, has been added, originally from OpenBSD. [&arch.arm;] The &man.npe.4; driver, which supports the Intel XScale Network Processing Engine, has been added. &merged; The &man.nve.4; driver has been updated to version 1.0-0310 (23-Nov-2005). It also now has &man.altq.4; support. &merged; The &man.pcn.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.re.4; driver now supports the D-Link DGE-528(T) Gigabit Ethernet card. The &man.sf.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.sk.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.ste.4; driver is now MPSAFE. &merged; The &man.stge.4; driver has been added. It supports the Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet controller and was ported from NetBSD. &merged; The &man.ti.4; driver now supports big-endian architectures such as sparc64. The &man.ufoma.4; driver for FOMA (third generation mobile phone system by NTT DoCoMo, Inc. in Japan) has been added. This should support other third generation mobile phones since the driver is based on USB Implementation Guideline from MCPC (Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium) in Japan. The vgapci(4) driver has been added. This is a stub device driver for VGA PCI devices and serves as a bus so that other drivers such as drm(4), &man.acpi.video.4;, and &man.agp.4; can attach to it thus allowing multiple drivers for the same device. The &man.vge.4; driver now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged; The &man.wi.4; driver is now buildable as a kernel module. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.wlan.wep.4;, &man.wlan.ccmp.4;, and &man.wlan.tkip.4; drivers have been included in the GENERIC kernel by default. The network interface groups feature has been imported from OpenBSD. This feature allows an administrator to, for example, apply firewall rules to an entire group of interfaces. More information can be found in &man.ifconfig.8;. The 802.11 protocol stack now has support for 900 MHz cards, as well as quarter- and half-channel support for 802.11a. &merged; The &man.arp.4; retransmission algorithm has been rewritten so that ARP requests are retransmitted without suppression, while there is demand for such ARP entry. Due to this change, a sysctl variable net.link.ether.inet.host_down_time has been removed. &merged; The &man.arp.4; protocol now supports a sysctl variable net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_permanent_modify to suppress logging of attempts to modify permanent ARP entries. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] An experimental BPF Just-In-Time compiler has been implemented for both &man.bpf.4; and &man.ng.bpf.4;. To enable this, the options BPF_JITTER kernel option is needed. The net.bpf_jitter.enable can be used to disable this feature. Multiple copies of a packet received via different &man.bpf.4; listeners now all have identical timestamps. &merged; The &man.bpf.4; device now supports several new &man.ioctl.2; calls to allow examining inbound vs. outbound packets, as well as packets that have been injected onto the network. The bridge(4) driver has been removed from the tree. Its functionality has been completely replaced by &man.if.bridge.4;. The &man.enc.4; IPsec filtering pseudo-device has been added. It allows firewall packages using the &man.pfil.9; framework to examine (and filter) IPsec traffic before outbound encryption and after inbound decryption. &merged; The &man.gre.4; driver, which is for GRE encapsulation found in RFC 1701 and RFC 1702, now supports IPv6 over GRE. The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports creating SPAN ports, which transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge. This feature can be enabled by using &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged; The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports RFC 3378 EtherIP. This change makes it possible to add &man.gif.4; interfaces to bridges, which will then send and receive IP protocol 97 packets. Packets are Ethernet frames with an EtherIP header prepended. &merged; The &man.if.bridge.4; driver now supports RSTP, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w). &merged; A hard-coded limit on the number of IPv4 multicast group memberships (formerly 20) has been removed. The path MTU discovery for multicast packets in the &os; IPv6 stack has been disabled by default. Path MTU notification from a large number of multicast routers can be a kind of distributed Denial-of-Service attack to a router. This feature can be re-enabled by using a new sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.mcast_pmtu. &merged; IPv6 multicast forwarding is now dynamically loadable, via the ip_mroute.ko module. IPv6 link-local addresses are now enabled only if ipv6_enable is set in &man.rc.conf.5;. &merged; The &man.ipfw.4; IP packet filter now supports IPv6. &merged; The &man.ipfw.4; firewall system now supports a tablearg feature, which allows values obtained from a table lookup to be used as part of a rule. &merged; This feature can be used to optimize some rulesets or to implement policy-based routing inside a firewall. For example, the following rules will throw different packets to different pipes: pipe 1000 config bw 1000Kbyte/s pipe 4000 config bw 4000Kbyte/s table 1 add x.x.x.x 1000 table 1 add x.x.x.y 4000 pipe tablearg ip from table(1) to any The &man.ipfw.4; packet filter now supports tag and untag rule keywords. When a packet matches a rule with the tag keyword, the numeric tag for the given number in the range from 0 to 65535 will be attached to the packet. The tag acts as an internal marker (it is not sent out over the wire) that can be used to identify these packets later on, for example, by using tagged rule option. For more details, see &man.ipfw.8;. &merged; The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED kernel option has been removed. This option was used to permit &man.ipfw.4; to redirect packets with local destinations. This behavior is now always enabled when the IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option is enabled. &merged; The ip6fw(8) packet filter has been removed. Since &man.ipfw.4; has gained IPv6 support, it should be used instead. Please note that some rules might need to be adjusted. The &man.natm.4;, Native Mode ATM protocol layer is now MPSAFE. A new &man.ng.deflate.4; Netgraph node type has been added. It implements Deflate PPP compression. &merged; The &man.ng.ether.4; Netgraph node no longer overwrites the MAC address of outgoing frames by default. &merged; The &man.ng.iface.4; Netgraph node now supports &man.altq.4;. &merged; A new &man.ng.pred1.4; Netgraph node type has been added to implement Predictor-1 PPP compression. &merged; The &man.ng.tag.4; Netgraph node has been added to support the manipulation of mbuf tags attached to data in the kernel. &merged; A bug has been fixed in which NFS over TCP would not reconnect when the server sent a FIN. This problem had occurred with Solaris NFS servers. &merged; The default retransmit timer for NFS over TCP is now 60 seconds. This change prevents the unnecessary retransmission of non-idempotent NFS requests. The nfs_access_cache variable in &man.rc.conf.5; has also been changed to 60. The default minimum number of nfsiod kernel threads (&man.sysctl.8; variable vfs.nfs.iodmin) has been changed from 4 to 0. The sysctl variables net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh and net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow can be used with IPv6 now. &merged; A new sysctl variable net.inet.icmp.reply_from_interface has been added. This allows the &man.icmp.4; reply to non-local packets to be generated with the IP address the packet came through in. This is useful for routers to show in &man.traceroute.8; the actual path a packet has taken instead of the possibly different return path. A new sysctl variable net.inet.icmp.quotelen has been added. This allows to change length of the quotation of the original packet in an ICMP reply. The minimum of 8 bytes is internally enforced. The maximum quotation is the remaining space in the reply mbuf. This option is added in response to the issues raised in I-D draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt. The &man.icmp.4; now always quotes the entire TCP header when responding and allocate an mbuf cluster if needed. This change fixes the TCP issues raised in I-D draft-gont-icmp-payload-00.txt. A new socket option IP_MINTTL has been added. This may be used to set the minimum acceptable TTL a packet must have when received on a socket. All packets with a lower TTL are silently dropped. This works on already connected/connecting and listening sockets for RAW, UDP, and TCP. This option is only really useful when set to 255, preventing packets from outside the directly connected networks reaching local listeners on sockets. Also, this option allows userland implementation of The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) found in RFC 3682. The kernel &man.ppp.4; driver now supports IPv6. Stealth forwarding now supports IPv6 as well as IPv4. This behavior can be controlled by using a new sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.stealth. The PIM kernel option has been removed. The corresponding code is now included in the MROUTING kernel option. Support has been added for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). SCTP implements a reliable, message-oriented transport protocol, and is defined in RFC 3268. It is enabled in &os; with the SCTP kernel option. The IPV6_V6ONLY socket option now works for UDP. The TCP_DROP_SYNFIN kernel option is now included in the kernel by default. The net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin sysctl variable still defaults to 0. The TCP bandwidth-delay product limiting feature has been disabled when the RTT is below a certain threshold. This optimization does not make sense on a LAN, as it has trouble figuring out the maximal bandwidth due to the coarse tick granularity. A new sysctl variable net.inet.tcp.inflight.rttthresh specifies the threshold in milliseconds below which this feature will disengage. It defaults to 10ms. &merged; The &os; network stack now has support for TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO). TSO reduces the overhead of sending bulk TCP data by allowing a network interface to convert a large data transfer into multiple TCP segments to be sent on the network. This functionality can be enabled or disabled on a per-interface basis with the tso and -tso flags to &man.ifconfig.8;. Network interfaces and drivers supporting TSO currently include &man.em.4;, &man.mxge.4; and &man.cxgb.4;. &os; now supports auto-sizing of TCP socket buffers. This allows the socket buffer sizes to adapt dynamically to network conditions, rather than being set statically. The behavior of this feature can be controlled using the net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_* and net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_* sysctl variables. The net.link.tap.up_on_open sysctl variable has been added to the &man.tap.4; driver. If enabled, new tap devices will marked up upon creation. &merged; The &man.trunk.4; driver, ported from OpenBSD and NetBSD, has been added to support a variety of protocols and algorithms for link aggregation, failover, and fault tolerance. Support for &man.kqueue.2; operations has been added to the &man.tun.4; driver. &merged; The &man.aac.4; driver now supports the Adaptec 2610SA SATA-RAID controller in some Hewlett-Packard machines. The performance of the &man.amr.4; driver has been improved; it also now supports full 64-bit DMA. While this feature is enabled by default, this can be forced off by setting the hw.amr.force_sg32 loader tunable for debugging purpose. &merged; The &man.amr.4; driver now supports the &man.ioctl.2; requests necessary for the Linux LSI MegaRaid tools in &os;'s Linux emulation environment. &merged; The &man.arcmsr.4; driver has been updated to version 1.20.00.13. &merged; The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a workaround for some controllers whose DMA does not work properly in 48bit mode. For affected controllers, PIO mode will be used for access to areas beyond 137GB. &merged; The &man.ata.4; driver now supports the ITE IT8211F IDE controller, and the Promise PDC40718 and PDC40719 chip found in Promise Fasttrak TX4300. &merged; The &man.ata.4; driver now supports DMA for kernel crash dumps, as well as crash dumping to an &man.ataraid.4; device. &merged; The &man.ata.4; driver now supports USB mass storage class devices. To enable it, a line device atausb in the kernel configuration file or loading the atausb kernel module is needed. Note that this functionality cannot coexist with the &man.umass.4; driver. &merged; The &man.ataraid.4; driver now supports JMicron ATA RAID metadata. &merged; The GEOM_LABEL class now supports Ext2FS, NTFS, and ReiserFS. &merged; The GEOM_MIRROR class now supports kernel crash dumps to the GEOM providers. &merged; The GEOM_MIRROR and GEOM_RAID3 classes now support sysctl variables kern.geom.mirror.disconnect_on_failure and kern.geom.graid3.disconnect_on_failure to control whether failed components will be disconnected or not. The default value is 1 to preserve the current behavior, and if it is set to 0 such components are not disconnected and the kernel will try to still use them (only the first error will be logged). This is helpful for the case of multiple broken components (in different places), so actually all data is available. The broken components will be visible in gmirror list or graid3 list output with flag BROKEN. &merged; The GEOM_MIRROR and GEOM_RAID3 classes now use parallel I/O requests for synchronization to improve the performance. New sysctl variables kern.geom.mirror.sync_requests and kern.geom.raid3.sync_requests define how many parallel I/O requests should be used. Also, the sysctl variables kern.geom.mirror.reqs_per_sync, kern.geom.mirror.syncs_per_sec, kern.geom.raid3.reqs_per_sync, and kern.geom.raid3.syncs_per_sec are deprecated and have been removed. &merged; A new GEOM_MULTIPATH class has been added to support multiple access paths to disk devices. The &man.gmultipath.8; utility has been added to control the behavior of disk devices using this feature. A new GEOM class GEOM_ZERO has been added. It creates a very huge provider (41PB) /dev/gzero and is mainly useful for performance testing. On BIO_READ request it zero-fills bio_data and on BIO_WRITE it does nothing. &merged; The GEOM class kernel module g_md.ko has been renamed to geom_md.ko for consistency. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The &man.hptmv.4; driver has been updated and now supports amd64 as well as PAE. The &man.mfi.4; driver, which supports the LSI MegaRAID SAS controller family, has been added. &merged; The &man.mpt.4; driver has been updated to support various new features such as RAID volume and RAID member state/settings reporting, periodic volume re-synchronization status reporting, and sysctl variables for volume re-synchronization rate, volume member write cache status, and volume transaction queue depth. The &man.mpt.4; driver now supports SAS HBA (partially), 64-bit PCI, and large data transfer. The &man.twa.4; driver has been updated to the 9.3.0.1 release on the 3ware Web site. &merged; A new GEOM-based disk encryption facility, GEOM_ELI, has been added. It uses the &man.crypto.9; framework for hardware acceleration and supports different cryptographic algorithms. See &man.geli.8; for more information. &merged; The &man.geli.8; disk encryption system now supports loading keyfiles before the root file system is mounted. &merged; For example, the following entries can be used in /boot/loader.conf to enable it: geli_da0_keyfile0_load="YES" geli_da0_keyfile0_type="da0:geli_keyfile0" geli_da0_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da0.key0" geli_da0_keyfile1_load="YES" geli_da0_keyfile1_type="da0:geli_keyfile1" geli_da0_keyfile1_name="/boot/keys/da0.key1" geli_da0_keyfile2_load="YES" geli_da0_keyfile2_type="da0:geli_keyfile2" geli_da0_keyfile2_name="/boot/keys/da0.key2" geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_load="YES" geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_type="da1s3a:geli_keyfile0" geli_da1s3a_keyfile0_name="/boot/keys/da1s3a.key" &man.geli.8; is now able to perform data integrity verification (data authentication) of encrypted data stored on disk. Note that the encryption algorithm is now specified to the &man.geli.8; control program using the -e option; the -a option is now used to specify the authentication algorithm. &merged; The sg driver, which emulates a significant subset of the Linux SCSI SG passthrough device API, has been added. It is intended to allow programs running under Linux emulation (as well as native &os; applications) to access the /dev/sg* devices supported by Linux. &merged; The &man.umass.4; driver now supports PLAY_MSF, PLAY_TRACK, PLAY_TRACK_REL, PAUSE, PLAY_12 commands so that the &man.cdcontrol.1; utility can handle a USB CD drive. [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] The &man.linsysfs.5; pseudo-file system driver has been added. It provides a subset of the Linux sys file system, and is required for the correct operation of some Linux binaries (such as the LSI MegaRAID SAS utility). &merged; A part of the FreeBSD NFS subsystem (the interface with the protocol stack and callouts, the NFS client side) is now MPSAFE. Initial (read-only) support for SGI's XFS file system has been added. The unionfs file system has been re-implemented. This version solves many crashing and locking issues compared to the previous implementation. It also adds new transparent and masquerade modes for automatically creating files in the upper file system layer of unions. More information can be found in the &man.mount.unionfs.8; manual page. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;, &arch.pc98;] Support for Sun's ZFS has been added. More information about this file system can be found in the &man.zfs.8; manual page or on the OpenSolaris ZFS page. The addr2ascii() and ascii2addr() library calls, originally introduced by the INRIA IPv6 implementation, have been removed from libc. They have no consumers in the &os; base system. In a related change, support for AF_LINK addresses has been added to &man.getnameinfo.3;. Padding of ai_addrlen in struct addrinfo has been removed, which was originally for the ABI compatibility. For example, this change breaks the ABI compatibility of the &man.getaddrinfo.3; function on 64-bit architectures, including &os;/amd64, &os;/ia64, and &os;/sparc64. The &man.asf.8; utility has been revised and extended. Now it can operate via several interfaces including &man.kvm.3;, which supports not only live systems, but also kernel crash dumps. &merged; The &man.arp.8; utility now allows the -i option together with the -d and -a options to allow all entries for a given interface to be removed. The OpenBSM userland tools, including &man.audit.8;, &man.auditd.8;, &man.auditreduce.1;, and &man.praudit.1;, have been added. &merged; The &man.bsdiff.1; and &man.bspatch.1; utilities have been added. These are tools for constructing and applying binary patches. &merged; The &man.bsnmpd.1; utility now supports the Host Resources MIB described in RFC 2790. &merged; &man.cached.8; has been added. It is a daemon that caches the results of nsswitch lookups (such as those to the password, group, and services databases) for improved performance. The &man.cmp.1; utility now supports an -h flag to compare the symbolic link itself rather than the file that the link points to. &merged; The &man.config.8; utility now supports the nocpu directive, which cancels the effect of a previous cpu directive. &merged; The &man.config.8; utility now reads DEFAULTS kernel configuration file if it exists in the current directory before the specified configuration file. &merged; The &man.cp.1; utility now supports a -l option, which causes it to create hardlinks to the source files instead of copying them. &merged; The &man.csh.1; utility now supports NLS catalogs. Note that this requires installing the shells/tcsh_nls port. &merged; The &man.csup.1; utility has been imported. This is an implementation of a CVSup-compatible client written in the C language. Note that it currently supports checkout mode only. &merged; The &man.dhclient.8; program now sends the host's name in DHCP requests if it is not specified in the configuration file. &merged; The &man.devd.8; utility now supports a -f option to specify a configuration file. &merged; The &man.du.1; program now supports a -n flag, which causes it to ignore files and directories with the nodump flag set. &merged; The &man.dump.8; and &man.restore.8; programs now attempt to save and restore extended attribute information on files. The &man.fsdb.8; utility now supports changing the birth time of files on UFS2 file systems using the new btime command. &merged; The &man.fsdb.8; program now supports a findblk command, which finds the inode(s) owning a specific disk block. &merged; The &man.find.1; program now supports -Btime and other related primaries, which can be used to create expressions based on a file's creation time. &merged; A bug in the &man.find.1; program which prevents numeric arguments for -user and -group from working as expected has been fixed. The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility, a tool for managing binary updates to the &os; base system, has been added. &merged; The &man.ftpd.8; utility now creates a PID file /var/run/ftpd.pid even when no -p option is specified. &merged; The &man.gbde.8; utility now supports -k and -K options to specify a key file in addition to a passphrase. The &man.getfacl.1; utility now supports a -q flag to suppress the per-file header comment listing the file name, owner, and group. &merged; The &man.getent.1; utility has been imported from NetBSD. It retrieves and displays information from an administrative database (such as hosts) using the lookup order specified in &man.nsswitch.conf.5;. &merged; The &man.gpt.8; utility now supports setting GPT partition labels. The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports commands to rename objects and to move a subdisk from one drive to another. &merged; The &man.gvinum.8; utility now supports the resetconfig sub-command. An implementation of Generic Security Service API (GSS-API) version 2 and its C binding described in RFC2743 and RFC2744 has been added. This is a new extensible GSS-API layer which can support GSS-API plugins, similar the the Solaris implementation, and the Kerberos 5 GSS mechanism has been rewritten as a plugin library for the new implementation. The &man.hccontrol.8; utility now supports HCI node autodetection. The &man.id.1; utility now prints the effective user ID after the group ID. The &man.id.1; utility now supports a -A flag to print process audit properties, including the audit user id. &merged; The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports a -k flag to allow printing potentially sensitive keying material to standard output. This sensitive information will not be printed by default. The &man.ifconfig.8; utility now supports a -tunnel parameter, which is just an alias for deletetunnel, yet is more convenient and easier to type. The -vlandev parameter to &man.ifconfig.8; no longer requires a network interface as its argument. The argument still is supported for backward compatibility, but is now deprecated and its use is discouraged. The &man.iostat.8; utility now supports a -x flag (inspired by Solaris) to print extended disk statistics. If the new -z flag is also specified, no output is made for disks with no activity. &merged; The &man.ipfwpcap.8; utility has been added; it captures packets on a &man.divert.4; socket and writes them as &man.pcap.3; (also known as &man.tcpdump.1;) format data to a file or pipe. The &man.jail.8; utility supports a -J jid_file option to write out a JidFile, similar to a PidFile, containing the jailid, path, hostname, IP and the command used to start the jail. &merged; The &man.jail.8; program now supports a -s option to specify a jail's securelevel. &merged; The &man.jexec.8; utility now supports -u and -U flags to specify username credentials under which a command should be executed. &merged; The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a -H flag, which causes kdump to print an additional field holding the threadid. &merged; The &man.kdump.1; program now supports a -s flag to suppress the display of I/O data. &merged; The &man.kdump.1; program now supports printing flags in a system call argument by using symbol names. The &man.kenv.1; utility now supports a -q flag to suppress warnings. &man.kgdb.1; now supports a -w option to open kmem-based targets in read-write mode. This allows one to use kgdb on /dev/mem and be able to patch memory on a live system. The &man.libarchive.3; library now supports POSIX.1e-style Extended Attributes. The libc library now includes initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version definitions. The libedit library has been updated from the NetBSD source tree as of August 2005. The libm library now includes initial implementation of symbol maps and symbol version definitions. The &man.libmemstat.3; library has been added. This is for use by debugging and monitoring applications in tracking kernel memory statistics. It provides an abstracted interface to &man.uma.9; and &man.malloc.9; statistics, wrapped around the binary stream sysctl variables for the allocators. &merged; The &man.ln.1; utility now supports an -F flag, which deletes existing empty directories when creating symbolic links. &merged; The &man.locate.1; utility now supports a -0 flag to make this utility interoperable with &man.xargs.1;'s -0 flag. &merged; The &man.logger.1; utility now supports a -P, which specifies the port to which syslog messages should be sent. &merged; The &man.ls.1; utility now supports an -I flag to disable the automatic -A flag for the superuser. &merged; The &man.ls.1; utility now supports an -U flag to use the file creation time for sorting. &merged; A new &man.malloc.3; implementation has been introduced. This implementation, sometimes referred to as jemalloc, was designed to improve the performance of multi-threaded programs, particularly on SMP systems, while preserving the performance of single-threaded programs. Due to the use of different algorithms and data structures, jemalloc may expose some previously-unknown bugs in userland code, although most of the &os; base system and common ports have been tested and/or fixed. The &man.mdconfig.8; utility now supports producing device listings formatted as XML. Currently, the list and query sub-commands support this feature. The &man.mdconfig.8; utility's -u option now supports specifying multiple devices separated by comma character. The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a -P flag to allow skipping the &man.newfs.8; process when using a vnode-backed disk. The &man.mdmfs.8; utility now supports a -E flag to allow to specify location of the &man.mdconfig.8; utility instead of using the default one (/sbin/mdconfig). A new function &man.memmem.3; has been implemented in libc. This is the binary equivalent to &man.strstr.3; and found in glibc. The &man.mergemaster.8; utility now supports an -A option to explicitly specify an architecture to pass through to the underlying makefiles. &merged; The &man.mount.8; nodev option has been removed. The &man.mount.8; utility now supports &man.mqueuefs.5;. A bug which prevents the &man.mount.8; utility from converting a read-only mount to read-write via mount -u -o rw, has been fixed. The &man.mount.8; utility now supports a late keyword in &man.fstab.5;, along with a corresponding -l command-line option to specify that these late file systems should be mounted. &merged; The &man.moused.8; daemon now supports an -H flag to enable horizontal virtual scrolling similar to the -V flag for vertical virtual scrolling. &merged; The mrouted(8) multicast routing daemon has been removed from the &os; base system. It implements the DVMRP multicast routing protocol, which has largely been replaced by PIM in many multicast installations. The related map-mbone(8) and mrinfo(8) utilities have also been removed. These programs are now available in the &os; Ports Collection as net/mrouted. The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports an -h flag for interface stats mode, which prints all interface statistics in human readable form. &merged; The &man.netstat.1; utility now supports printing &man.ipsec.4; protocol statistics if the kernel was compiled with FAST_IPSEC rather than the KAME IPSEC stack. Note that the output of netstat -s -p ipsec differs depending on which stack is compiled into the kernel since they each keep different statistics. &merged; The /etc/nsswitch.conf file is now installed statically instead of being generated on every reboot. The objformat(1) utility and getobjformat(3) library (the last remnants of a.out object file support) have been removed. The &man.periodic.8; daily script now supports display of the status of &man.gmirror.8;, &man.graid3.8;, &man.gstripe.8;, and &man.gconcat.8; devices. Note that these are disabled by default. &merged; A new function, &man.pidfile.3;, which provides reliable pidfiles handling, has been implemented in libutil. &merged; The &man.ping.8; utility now supports a sweeping ping in which &man.icmp.4; payload of packets being sent is increased with given step. This is useful for testing problematic channels, MTU issues or traffic policing functions in networks. &merged; The &man.ping.8; command now supports a -W option to specify the maximum time to wait for an echo reply. &merged; The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a -F option which allows to restrict matches to a process whose PID is stored in the pidfile file. When another new option -L is also specified, the pidfile file must be locked with the &man.flock.2; syscall or created with &man.pidfile.3;. The &man.pkill.1; utility now supports a -I flag which works like -i of &man.rm.1;. When this flag is specified, &man.pkill.1; will ask for confirmation before sending a signal to each matching process. The &man.pkill.1; utility (also known as &man.pgrep.1;) has been moved from /usr/bin to /bin so that it can be used by startup scripts. Symbolic links from its former location have been created for backward compatibility. &merged; The &man.powerd.8; program now supports a -P option, which specifies a pidfile to use. An extensible implementation of &man.printf.3;, compatible with GLIBC, has been added to libc. It is only used if the environment variable USE_XPRINTF is defined, one of the extension functions is called, or the global variable __use_xprintf is set to a value greater than 0. Five extensions are currently supported: %H (hex dump), %T (time_t and time-related structures), %M (errno message), %Q (double-quoted, escaped string), %V (&man.strvis.3;-format string), &merged; The DNS resolver library in &os;'s libc has been updated to that from BIND 9.3.3. &merged; The &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; program now supports service names in addition to -c option with channel number. The supported names are: DUN (Dial-Up Networking), FAX (Fax), LAN (LAN Access Using PPP), and SP (Serial Port). &merged; The &man.rpcgen.1; utility now generates headers and stub files that can be used with ANSI C compilers by default. The &man.rtld.1; runtime linker now supports ELF symbol versioning using GNU semantics. This implementation aims to be compatible with symbol versioning support as implemented by GNU libc and documented in and LSB 3.0. Also, dlvsym() function has been added to allow lookups for a specific version of a given symbol. A bug in the &man.sed.1; utility which can cause incorrect calculation of pattern space length in some cases has been fixed. The -h flag to &man.setfacl.1; now properly sets the ACL on a symbolic link, not the link target. The &man.sh.1; utility now supports a times built-in command. &merged; The &man.snapinfo.8; utility, which shows snapshot locations on UFS file systems, has been added. &merged; The &man.sockstat.1; utility, which shows connected and listening network sockets, now supports a new -P command-line option, which can be used to filter displayed sockets by protocol name (as listed in &man.protocols.5;). The &man.strtonum.3; library function has been implemented based on OpenBSD's implementation. This is an improved version of &man.strtoll.3;. &merged; The &man.sysctl.8; utility now supports a -q flag to suppress a limited set of warnings and errors. The &man.tail.1; utility now supports a -q flag to suppress header lines when multiple files are specified. &merged; The version of tcpslice in the &os; base system has been removed due to obsolescence. A more up-to-date version can be found in the Ports Collection as net/tcpslice. The &man.time.1; utility now prints the time that a given command has been running if sent a SIGINFO signal. The &man.traceroute.8; program now supports a -D flag, which causes it to display the differences between the sent and received packets. &merged; The &man.traceroute.8; utility now supports a -e option, which sets a fixed destination port for probe packets. This can be useful for tracing behind packet-filtering firewalls. &merged; &man.traceroute.8; now decodes the complete set of ICMP unreachable messages in its output. &merged; The &man.truss.1; utility now supports an -s flag for the same functionality as the strace utility (devel/strace). The &man.truss.1; utility no longer depends on the availability of the &man.procfs.5; file system; it uses the &man.ptrace.2; interface instead for controlling a traced process. [&arch.powerpc;] The &man.truss.1; utility now supports &os;/powerpc. The usbd(8) utility has been removed. The &man.devd.8; utility and its configuration file now support functionality which is equivalent to it. The &man.uuidgen.1; utility has been moved from /usr/bin to /bin. The vnconfig(8) utility, which was long ago replaced by &man.mdconfig.8;, has been removed. The &man.xargs.1; utility now supports a -r flag which makes the command execution when the standard input does not contain any non-whitespace-characters. &merged; The shared library version number of all libraries has been updated due to some possible ABI changes. The libraries include: snmp_*, libdialog, libg2c, libobjc, libreadline, libregex, libstdc++, libkrb5, libalias, libarchive, libbegemot, libbluetooth, libbsnmp, libbz2, libc_r, libcrypt, libdevstat, libedit, libexpat, libfetch, libftpio, libgpib, libipsec, libkiconv, libmagic, libmp, libncp, libncurses, libnetgraph, libngatm, libopie, libpam, libpthread, libradius, libsdp, libsmb, libtacplus, libthr, libthread_db, libugidfw, libusbhid, libutil, libvgl, libwrap, libypclnt, libm, libcrypto, libssh, and libssl. The wcsdup() function has been implemented. This function is popular in Microsoft and GNU systems. The &man.wpa.passphrase.8; utility has been added. It generates a 256-bit pre-shared WPA key from an ASCII passphrase. &merged; The compiler toolchain is now capable of generating executables for systems using the ARM processor. &merged; The auditd script for OpenBSM &man.auditd.8; has been added. &merged; The bluetooth script has been added. This script will be called from &man.devd.8; in response to device attachment/detachment events and to stop/start particular device without unplugging it by hand. The configuration parameters are in /etc/defaults/bluetooth.device.conf, and can be overridden by using /etc/bluetooth/$device.conf (where $device is ubt0, btcc0, and so on.) For more details, see &man.bluetooth.conf.5;. &merged; The ftpd script for stand-alone &man.ftpd.8; has been added. The gbde_swap script has been removed in favor a new encswap script which also supports &man.geli.8; for swap encryption. The geli and geli2 scripts has been added for &man.geli.8; device configuration on boot. The ike script for IPsec IKE daemon has been removed because no such daemon is included in the base system. The hcsecd and sdpd scripts have been added for &man.hcsecd.8; and &man.sdpd.8; daemons. These daemons can run even if no Bluetooth devices are attached to the system, but both daemons depend on Bluetooth socket layer and thus disabled by default. Bluetooth sockets layer must be either loaded as a module or compiled into kernel before the daemons can run. &merged; The hostapd script for &man.hostapd.8; has been added. &merged; The mdconfig script to handle vnode backed &man.md.4; devices has been added. This is a replacement of the ramdisk script, and all of variables in ramdisk_* have been changed to mdconfig_*. Also, two new &man.rc.conf.5; variables mdconfig_*_files and mdconfig_*_cmd have been added. For example: mdconfig_md0="-t malloc -s 10m" mdconfig_md1="-t vnode -f /var/foo.img" The netif script now supports ipv4_addrs_ifn variables, which add one or more IPv4 address from a ranged list in CIDR notation. &merged; For example: ipv4_addrs_ed0="192.168.0.1/24 192.168.1.1-5/28" The rcconf.sh script in /etc/rc.d has been removed and a variable early_late_divider, which designates the script to separate the early and late stages of the boot process, has been added. The rc.initdiskless script now uses &man.tar.1; instead of &man.pax.1; because &man.pax.1; needs a writable temporary directory that may not be available when this script runs. The pccard script has been removed since OLDCARD is deprecated. The ppp-user script has been renamed to ppp. &merged; The removable_interfaces variable has been removed. A new keyword NOAUTO in ifconfig_ifn has been added. This prevents configuration of an interface at boot time or via /etc/pccard_ether, and allows /etc/rc.d/netif to be used to start and stop an interface on a purely manual basis. Intel ACPI-CA has been updated to 20070320. BIND has been updated from 9.3.1 to 9.3.4. &merged; BSNMPD has been updated from 1.11 to 1.12. BZIP2 has been updated from 1.0.3 to 1.0.4. DRM has been updated to a snapshot from DRI CVS as of 20060517. &merged; The Forth Inspired Command Language (FICL) used in the boot loader has been updated to 3.03. FILE has been updated from 4.12 to 4.17. The GNU version of gzip has been replaced with a modified version of gzip ported from NetBSD. &merged; netcat has been updated from the version in a 4 February 2005 OpenBSD snapshot to the version included in OpenBSD 4.1. GCC has been updated from 3.4.4 to 3.4.6. &merged; GNU Readline library has been updated from 5.0 to 5.2 patch 1. GNU Troff has been updated from version 1.19 to version 1.19.2. &merged; IPFilter has been updated from 4.1.8 to 4.1.13. &merged; less has been updated from v381 to v394. &merged; libpcap has been updated from 0.9.1 to 0.9.4. &merged; lukemftpd has been updated from a snapshot from NetBSD as of 9 August 2004 to a snapshot from NetBSD as of 31 August 2006. &merged; OpenSSH has been updated from 4.2p1 to 4.5p1. &merged; OpenSSL has been updated from 0.9.7e to 0.9.8e. ncurses has been updated from 5.2-20010512 to 5.6-20061217. ncurses now also has wide character support. &merged; hostapd has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8. &merged; sendmail has been updated from 8.13.4 to 8.14.1. &merged; tcpdump has been updated from 3.9.1 to 3.9.4. &merged; The timezone database has been updated from the tzdata2005l release to the tzdata2006n release. &merged; tip has been updated to a snapshot from OpenBSD as of 20060831. TrustedBSD OpenBSM, version 1.0 alpha 12, an implementation of the documented Sun Basic Security Module (BSM) Audit API and file format, as well as local extensions to support the Mac OS X and &os; operating systems has been added. This also includes command line tools for audit trail reduction and conversion to text, as well as documentation of the commands, file format, and APIs. For this functionality, the AUDIT kernel option, /var/audit directory, and audit group have been added. &merged; WPA Supplicant has been updated from version 0.3.9 to version 0.4.8. &merged; zlib has been updated from version 1.2.2 to version 1.2.3. &merged; &man.pkg.add.1; now supports an -F flag to disable checking whether the same package is already installed or not. &merged; The &man.pkg.add.1; program now supports an -P flag, which is the same as the -p flag except that the given prefix is also used recursively for the dependency packages if any. &merged; The &man.pkg.add.1; and &man.pkg.create.1; utilities now support a -K flag to save packages to the current directory (or PKGDIR if defined) by default. &merged; The &man.pkg.create.1; program now supports an -x flag to support basic regular expressions for package name, an -E flag for extended regular expressions, and a -G for exact matching. &merged; The &man.pkg.version.1; utility now supports an -o flag to show the origin recorded on package generation instead of the package name, and an -O flag to list packages with a specific registered origin. &merged; The &man.portsnap.8; utility (sysutils/portsnap) has been added into the &os; base system. This is a secure, easy to use, fast, lightweight, and generally good way for users to keep their ports trees up to date. &merged; A incorrect handling of HTTP_PROXY_AUTH in the &man.portsnap.8; utility has been fixed. &merged; The startup scripts from the local_startup directory now evaluated by using &man.rcorder.8; with scripts in the base system. &merged; The suffix of startup scripts from the Ports Collection has been removed. This means foo.sh is renamed to foo, and now scripts whose name is something like foo.ORG will also be invoked. You are recommended to reinstall packages which install such scripts and remove extra files in the local_startup directory. &merged; New rc.conf variables, ldconfig_local_dirs and ldconfig_local32_dirs have been added. These hold lists of local &man.ldconfig.8; directories. &merged; The @cwd command in pkg-plist now allows the case where no directory argument is given. If no directory argument is given, it will set current working directory to the first prefix given by the @cwd command. &merged; The default partition sizing algorithm of the &man.sysinstall.8; utility has been changed. On systems where the disk capacity is larger than (3 * RAMsize + 10GB), the default sizes will now be as follows: Partition Size swapRAMsize * 2 /512 MB /tmp512 MB /var1024 MB + RAMsize /usrthe rest (8GB or more) On systems where the disk capacity is larger than (RAMsize / 8 + 2 GB), the default sizes will be in the following ranges, with space allocated proportionally: Partition Size swapfrom RAMsize / 8 to RAMsize * 2 /from 256MB to 512MB /tmpfrom 128MB to 512MB /varfrom 128MB to 1024MB /usrfrom 1536MB to 8192MB On systems with even less disk space, the existing behavior is not changed. The &man.sysinstall.8; utility now displays the running &os; version in menu titles. &merged; A new showconfig target has been added in src/Makefile to show the build configuration of the &os; source tree. A /media directory has been added to contain mount points for removable media such as CDROMs, floppy disks, USB drives, and so on. &merged; The src.conf file, which contains settings that will apply to every build involving the &os; source tree, has been added. For details, see &man.build.7; and &man.src.conf.5;. The supported version of the GNOME desktop environment (x11/gnome2) has been updated from 2.10.2 to 2.18.0. As a part of this update, the default prefix for GNOME (and some related programs) has moved from /usr/X11R6 to /usr/local. &merged; The supported version of the KDE desktop environment (x11/kde3) has been updated from 3.4.2 to 3.5.6. &merged; [&arch.amd64;, &arch.i386;] The supported Linux emulation now uses the libraries in the emulators/linux_base-fc4 package. &merged; The supported version of the Perl interpreter (lang/perl5.8) has been updated from 5.8.7 to 5.8.8. &merged; The supported version of the &xorg; windowing system (x11/xorg) has been updated from 6.8.2 to 6.9.0. &merged; [&arch.pc98;] &os;/pc98 release CDROMs are now bootable on systems with some supported SCSI adapters. &merged; Documentation of existing functionality has been improved by the addition of the following manual pages: &man.acpi.sony.4;, &man.device.get.sysctl.9;, &man.ext2fs.5;, &man.mca.8;, &man.nanobsd.8;, &man.snd.mss.4;, &man.snd.t4dwave.4;, &man.sysctl.9;. The manual pages for NTP have been updated to 4.2.0, to match the version of code actually included in &os;. &merged; Initial support for kernel subsystem API documentation generating framework using devel/doxygen has been added into src/sys/doc/subsys. To generate the API document, type make doxygen in src/ directory. Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after backing up all data and configuration files.