.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 .\" Tue Jul 30 09:22:07 2002 .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ====================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Ip \" List item .br .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 .el .ne 3 .IP "\\$1" \\$2 .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. 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The hash table entries can be arbitrary structures. Usually they consist of key and value fields. .PP \&\fIlh_new()\fR creates a new \fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR structure. \fBhash\fR takes a pointer to the structure and returns an unsigned long hash value of its key field. The hash value is normally truncated to a power of 2, so make sure that your hash function returns well mixed low order bits. \fBcompare\fR takes two arguments, and returns 0 if their keys are equal, non-zero otherwise. .PP \&\fIlh_free()\fR frees the \fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR structure \fBtable\fR. Allocated hash table entries will not be freed; consider using \fIlh_doall()\fR to deallocate any remaining entries in the hash table. .PP \&\fIlh_insert()\fR inserts the structure pointed to by \fBdata\fR into \fBtable\fR. If there already is an entry with the same key, the old value is replaced. Note that \fIlh_insert()\fR stores pointers, the data are not copied. .PP \&\fIlh_delete()\fR deletes an entry from \fBtable\fR. .PP \&\fIlh_retrieve()\fR looks up an entry in \fBtable\fR. Normally, \fBdata\fR is a structure with the key \fIfield\fR\|(s) set; the function will return a pointer to a fully populated structure. .PP \&\fIlh_doall()\fR will, for every entry in the hash table, call \fBfunc\fR with the data item as parameters. This function can be quite useful when used as follows: void cleanup(\s-1STUFF\s0 *a) { \fISTUFF_free\fR\|(a); } lh_doall(hash,cleanup); lh_free(hash); This can be used to free all the entries. \fIlh_free()\fR then cleans up the \&'buckets' that point to nothing. When doing this, be careful if you delete entries from the hash table in \fBfunc\fR: the table may decrease in size, moving item that you are currently on down lower in the hash table. This could cause some entries to be skipped. The best solution to this problem is to set hash->down_load=0 before you start. This will stop the hash table ever being decreased in size. .PP \&\fIlh_doall_arg()\fR is the same as \fIlh_doall()\fR except that \fBfunc\fR will be called with \fBarg\fR as the second argument. .PP \&\fIlh_error()\fR can be used to determine if an error occurred in the last operation. \fIlh_error()\fR is a macro. .SH "RETURN VALUES" .IX Header "RETURN VALUES" \&\fIlh_new()\fR returns \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR on error, otherwise a pointer to the new \&\fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR structure. .PP When a hash table entry is replaced, \fIlh_insert()\fR returns the value being replaced. \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR is returned on normal operation and on error. .PP \&\fIlh_delete()\fR returns the entry being deleted. \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR is returned if there is no such value in the hash table. .PP \&\fIlh_retrieve()\fR returns the hash table entry if it has been found, \&\fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR otherwise. .PP \&\fIlh_error()\fR returns 1 if an error occurred in the last operation, 0 otherwise. .PP \&\fIlh_free()\fR, \fIlh_doall()\fR and \fIlh_doall_arg()\fR return no values. .SH "BUGS" .IX Header "BUGS" \&\fIlh_insert()\fR returns \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR both for success and error. .SH "INTERNALS" .IX Header "INTERNALS" The following description is based on the SSLeay documentation: .PP The \fBlhash\fR library implements a hash table described in the \&\fICommunications of the \s-1ACM\s0\fR in 1991. What makes this hash table different is that as the table fills, the hash table is increased (or decreased) in size via \fIOPENSSL_realloc()\fR. When a 'resize' is done, instead of all hashes being redistributed over twice as many 'buckets', one bucket is split. So when an 'expand' is done, there is only a minimal cost to redistribute some values. Subsequent inserts will cause more single 'bucket' redistributions but there will never be a sudden large cost due to redistributing all the 'buckets'. .PP The state for a particular hash table is kept in the \fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR structure. The decision to increase or decrease the hash table size is made depending on the 'load' of the hash table. The load is the number of items in the hash table divided by the size of the hash table. The default values are as follows. If (hash->up_load < load) => expand. if (hash->down_load > load) => contract. The \&\fBup_load\fR has a default value of 1 and \fBdown_load\fR has a default value of 2. These numbers can be modified by the application by just playing with the \fBup_load\fR and \fBdown_load\fR variables. The 'load' is kept in a form which is multiplied by 256. So hash->up_load=8*256; will cause a load of 8 to be set. .PP If you are interested in performance the field to watch is num_comp_calls. The hash library keeps track of the 'hash' value for each item so when a lookup is done, the 'hashes' are compared, if there is a match, then a full compare is done, and hash->num_comp_calls is incremented. If num_comp_calls is not equal to num_delete plus num_retrieve it means that your hash function is generating hashes that are the same for different values. It is probably worth changing your hash function if this is the case because even if your hash table has 10 items in a 'bucket', it can be searched with 10 \fBunsigned long\fR compares and 10 linked list traverses. This will be much less expensive that 10 calls to you compare function. .PP \&\fIlh_strhash()\fR is a demo string hashing function: .PP .Vb 1 \& unsigned long lh_strhash(const char *c); .Ve Since the \fB\s-1LHASH\s0\fR routines would normally be passed structures, this routine would not normally be passed to \fIlh_new()\fR, rather it would be used in the function passed to \fIlh_new()\fR. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" lh_stats(3) .SH "HISTORY" .IX Header "HISTORY" The \fBlhash\fR library is available in all versions of SSLeay and OpenSSL. \&\fIlh_error()\fR was added in SSLeay 0.9.1b. .PP This manpage is derived from the SSLeay documentation.