.\"	$NetBSD: makefs.8,v 1.13 2004/02/13 17:56:18 wiz Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
.\"
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
.\"      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
.\" 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
.\"    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd March 30, 2003
.Dt MAKEFS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm makefs
.Nd create a file system image from a directory tree
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Bk -words
.Op Fl t Ar fs-type
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl o Ar fs-options
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl d Ar debug-mask
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl B Ar byte-order
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl M Ar minimum-size
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl m Ar maximum-size
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl s Ar image-size
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl b Ar free-blocks
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl f Ar free-files
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl F Ar specfile
.Ek
.Op Fl x
.Bk -words
.Op Fl N Ar userdb-dir
.Ek
.Ar image-file
.Ar directory
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The utility
.Nm
creates a file system image into
.Ar image-file
from the directory tree
.Ar directory .
No special devices or privileges are required to perform this task.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl t Ar fs-type
Create an
.Ar fs-type
file system image.
The following file system types are supported:
.Bl -tag -width ffs -offset indent
.It Sy ffs
BSD fast file system (default).
.El
.It Fl o Ar fs-options
Set file system specific options.
.Ar fs-options
is a comma separated list of options.
Valid file system specific options are detailed below.
.It Fl d Ar debug-mask
Enable various levels of debugging, depending upon which bits are set
in
.Ar debug-mask .
XXX: document these
.It Fl B Ar byte-order
Set the byte order of the image to
.Ar byte-order .
Valid byte orders are
.Ql 4321 ,
.Ql big
or
.Ql be
for big endian, and
.Ql 1234 ,
.Ql little
or
.Ql le
for little endian.
Some file systems may have a fixed byte order; in those cases this
argument will be ignored.
.It Fl S Ar sector-size
Set the file system sector size to
.Ar sector-size .
Defaults to 512.
.It Fl M Ar minimum-size
Set the minimum size of the file system image to
.Ar minimum-size .
.It Fl m Ar maximum-size
Set the maximum size of the file system image to
.Ar maximum-size .
An error will be raised if the target file system needs to be larger
than this to accommodate the provided directory tree.
.It Fl s Ar image-size
Set the size of the file system image to
.Ar image-size .
.It Fl b Ar free-blocks
Ensure that a minimum of
.Ar free-blocks
free blocks exist in the image.
An optional
.Ql %
suffix may be provided to indicate that
.Ar free-blocks
indicates a percentage of the calculated image size
.It Fl f Ar free-files
Ensure that a minimum of
.Ar free-files
free files (inodes) exist in the image.
An optional
.Ql %
suffix may be provided to indicate that
.Ar free-blocks
indicates a percentage of the calculated image size
.It Fl F Ar specfile
Use
.Ar specfile
as an
.Xr mtree 8
.Sq specfile
specification.
.Pp
If a specfile entry exists in the underlying file system, its permissions and
modification time will be used unless specifically overridden by the specfile.
An error will be raised if the type of entry in the specfile conflicts
with that of an existing entry.
.Pp
In the opposite case
(where a specfile entry does not have an entry in the underlying file system)
the following occurs:
If the specfile entry is marked
.Sy optional ,
the specfile entry is ignored.
Otherwise, the entry will be created in the image,
and it is necessary to specify at least the following parameters
in the specfile:
.Sy type ,
.Sy mode ,
.Sy gname
or
.Sy gid ,
and
.Sy uname
or
.Sy uid ,
.Sy device
(in the case of block or character devices), and
.Sy link
(in the case of symbolic links).
If
.Sy time
isn't provided, the current time will be used.
If
.Sy flags
isn't provided, the current file flags will be used.
Missing regular file entries will be created as zero-length files.
.It Fl x
Exclude file system nodes not explcitly listed in the specfile.
.It Fl N Ar dbdir
Use the user database text file
.Pa master.passwd
and group database text file
.Pa group
from
.Ar dbdir ,
rather than using the results from the system's
.Xr getpwnam 3
and
.Xr getgrnam 3
(and related) library calls.
.El
.Pp
Where sizes are specified, a decimal number of bytes is expected.
Two or more numbers may be separated by an
.Dq x
to indicate a product.
Each number may have one of the following optional suffixes:
.Bl -tag -width 3n -offset indent -compact
.It b
Block; multiply by 512
.It k
Kilo; multiply by 1024 (1 KB)
.It m
Mega; multiply by 1048576 (1 MB)
.It g
Giga; multiply by 1073741824 (1 GB)
.It t
Tera; multiply by 1099511627776 (1 TB)
.It w
Word; multiply by the number of bytes in an integer
.El
.\"
.\"
.Ss FFS-specific options
.Sy ffs
images have ffs-specific optional parameters that may be provided.
Each of the options consists of a keyword, an equals sign
.Pq Ql = ,
and a value.
The following keywords are supported:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width optimization -offset indent -compact
.It Sy avgfilesize
Expected average file size
.It Sy avgfpdir
Expected number of files per directory
.It Sy bsize
Block size
.It Sy density
Bytes per inode
.It Sy fsize
Fragment size
.It Sy maxbpg
Maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group
.It Sy minfree
Minimum % free
.It Sy optimization
Optimization preference; one of
.Ql space
or
.Ql time .
.It Sy extent
Maximum extent size
.It Sy maxbpcg
Maximum total number of blocks in a cylinder group
.It Sy version
UFS version. 1 for FFS (default), 2 for UFS2
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mtree 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Nx 1.6 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Luke Mewburn
.Aq lukem@NetBSD.org .