From 7da3053737d2a3b6eb9fbdf62acfcc1066a20437 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ru Date: Tue, 17 Apr 2001 12:48:14 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Use Groff versions of man(7) and mdoc(7) manpages. mdoc.samples(7) is superseded by mdoc(7). --- share/man/man7/Makefile | 2 +- share/man/man7/man.7 | 344 ---- share/man/man7/mdoc.7 | 426 ----- share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7 | 3080 --------------------------------- 4 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 3851 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 share/man/man7/man.7 delete mode 100644 share/man/man7/mdoc.7 delete mode 100644 share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7 diff --git a/share/man/man7/Makefile b/share/man/man7/Makefile index 56160db41f2..6c6ecc04cef 100644 --- a/share/man/man7/Makefile +++ b/share/man/man7/Makefile @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #MISSING: eqnchar.7 ms.7 term.7 MAN= ascii.7 build.7 clocks.7 environ.7 hier.7 hostname.7 intro.7 mailaddr.7 \ - man.7 mdoc.7 mdoc.samples.7 operator.7 ports.7 security.7 \ + operator.7 ports.7 security.7 \ style.perl.7 MLINKS= intro.7 miscellaneous.7 diff --git a/share/man/man7/man.7 b/share/man/man7/man.7 deleted file mode 100644 index 29a1d32c349..00000000000 --- a/share/man/man7/man.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,344 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1998. -.\" The FreeBSD Project. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" $FreeBSD$ -.\" -.Dd November 30, 1998 -.Os -.Dt MAN 7 -.Sh NAME -.Nm man -.Nd quick reference guide for the -.Nm \-man -macro package -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm groff -.Fl m Ns Ar an -.Ar -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Nm \-man -package is a set of macros used to format -.Ux -manual pages. On -.Bx -systems, the use of -.Nm -is deprecated and the more expressive -.Nm mdoc -package is recommended in its place. -.Sh USAGE -.Ss Conventions -.Nm -macros are named using one or two upper case alphabetic characters. -Following regular -.Xr troff 1 -convention, each macro request starts with a -.Li "." -as the first character of a line. Arguments to macro requests -expecting printable text may consist of zero to six words. Some macros will -process the next input line if no arguments are supplied. For -example, a -.Li ".I" -request on a line by itself will cause the next input line to be set -in italics. -Whitespace characters may be embedded in an argument by enclosing -it in quotes. Type font and size are reset to their defaults before -each paragraph and after processing font size and face changing macros. -.Ss Indentation -The prevailing indent distance is remembered between successive -indented paragraphs and is reset to the default on reaching a -non-indented paragraph. Default units for indents are -.Dq ens . -.Ss Preprocessing -The -.Xr man 1 -program is conventionally used to format and display manual pages. If -the first line of the manual page source starts with the literal string -.Li \&\'\e" -.\" " bring emacs's font-lock mode back in sync ... -then the remaining letters on the line indicate preprocessors that -need to be run prior to formatting with -.Xr troff 1 . -Supported preprocessing directives are: -.Bl -column "Letter" "Preprocessor" -offset indent -.It Em Letter Ta Em Preprocessor -.It e Ta Xr eqn 1 -.It g Ta Xr grap 1 -.It p Ta Xr pic 1 -.It r Ta Xr refer 1 -.It t Ta Xr tbl 1 -.It v Ta Xr vgrind 1 -.El -.Ss Available Strings -The -.Nm -package has the following predefined strings: -.Bl -column "String" "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent -.It Em String Ta Em Description -.It "\e*R" Ta "registration symbol" -.It "\e*S" Ta "change to default font size" -.It "\e*(Tm" Ta "trademark symbol" -.It "\e*(lq" Ta "left quote" -.It "\e*(rq" Ta "right quote" -.El -.Pp -.Ss Available Macros -The available macros are presented in alphabetical order. -.Bl -tag -width "XXX XX" -.It ".B" Op Ar words -typeset -.Ar words -using a bold face. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".BI" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating bold and italic faces. Does not cause a line break. If -no arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".BR" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating bold and roman faces. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".DT" -restore the default tab spacing of 0.5 inches. Does not cause a line -break. -.It ".HP" Op Ar indent -Begin a paragraph with a hanging indent and sets the prevailing indent -to -.Ar indent . -This request forces a line break. If -.Ar indent -is not specified, the value of the prevailing indent is used. -.It ".I" Op Ar words -typeset -.Ar words -using an italic face. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".IB" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating italic and bold faces. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".IP" Op Ar tag Op Ar indent -Begin an indented paragraph with tag -.Ar tag -and prevailing indent set to -.Ar indent . -If -.Ar tag -is not specified it is taken to be the null string -.Qq "" . -If -.Ar indent -is not specified it is taken to be the prevailing indent. -.It ".IR" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating italic and roman faces. -Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".LP" -begin a left-aligned paragraph. The prevailing indent is set to the -default. This request forces a line break. -.It "\&.P" -aliased to \&.LP. -.It ".PD" Op Ar distance -set the vertical distance between paragraphs to -.Ar distance . -If argument -.Ar distance -is not specified a value of 0.4v is used. -.It ".PP" -aliased to \&.LP. -.It ".RE" -end of a relative indent (see \&.RS below). This request forces a -line break and restores the prevailing indent to its previous value. -.It ".RB" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating roman and bold faces. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".RI" Op Ar words -join -.Ar words -alternating roman and italic faces. Does not cause a line break. If no -arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".RS" Op Ar indent -start a relative indent, increasing the indentation by -.Ar indent . -If argument -.Ar indent -is not specified, the value of the prevailing indent is used. -.It ".SB" Op Ar words -typeset -.Ar words -using a bold face after reducing the font size by 1 point. -Does not cause a line break. If no arguments are given the next text -line is processed. -.It ".SH" Op Ar words -specifies a section heading. This request forces a line break. -It resets the prevailing indent and margins to their defaults. -.It ".SM" Op Ar words -typeset -.Ar words -after reducing the font size by 1 point. Does not cause a line break. -If no arguments are given the next text line is processed. -.It ".SS" Op Ar words -specifies a section subheading. This request forces a line -break. If no arguments are given the next text line is processed. -It resets the prevailing indent and margins to their defaults. -.It ".TH" Ar name Ar section Ar date Xo -.Op Ar footer Op Ar center -.Xc -Begin reference page -.Ar name -belonging to section -.Ar section . -The third argument -.Ar date , -is the date of the most recent change. If present, -.Ar footer -specifies the left page footer text and -.Ar center -specifies the center header text. This request must the very first -request in the manual page. -.It ".TP" Op Ar indent -begin an indented paragraph with the tag specified in the next text -line. If argument -.Ar indent -is given, it specifies the new value of the prevailing indent. -This request forces a line break. -.El -.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE -Most manual pages follow the general structure outlined below: -.Bl -tag -width ".SH NAME" -.It ".TH" Ar title Op Ar section-number -The very first macro request in a manual page has to be the \&.TH -request which establishes the name and title of the manual page. The -\&.TH request also establishes the number of the manual page section. -.It ".SH NAME" -The name, or list of names, by which the command is called, followed -by a dash and a one-line summary of the action performed. This -section should not contain any -.Nm troff -commands or escapes, or any macro requests. This section is used to -generate the database used by the -.Xr whatis 1 -command. -.It ".SH SYNOPSIS" -A brief summary of the usage of the command or function being -described. -.Bl -tag -width "Commands" -.It Commands -The syntax of the command and its arguments as would be typed on the -command line. Words that have to be typed exactly as printed are to -be presented in bold face. Arguments are indicated by the use of an -italic face. Arguments and command names so indicated should not be -capitalized, even when starting a sentence. -.Pp -Syntactic symbols used should appear in roman face: -.Bl -tag -width "XXX" -.It "[]" -square brackets are used to indicate optional arguments. -.It "|" -vertical bars are used to indicate a one of many exclusive choice. -Only one item from a list separated by vertical bars is to be selected. -.It "..." -an ellipsis following an argument is used to indicate that the -arguments can be repeated. When an ellipsis follows a bracketed set, -the expression within the brackets can be repeated. -.El -.It Functions -Required data declarations or -.Li "#include" -directives are to be shown first, followed by the function declaration. -.El -.It ".SH DESCRIPTION" -An overview of the command or functions external behavior, including -its interactions with files or data, how standard input, standard -output and standard error are handled. Internals and implementation -details are not normally specified. The question answered by this -section is "what does it do?" or "what is it for?". -.Pp -Literal text, filenames and references to items that appear elsewhere -in the reference manuals should be presented using a constant width -face. -Arguments should be presented using an italic face. -.It ".SH OPTIONS" -The list of options together with a description of how each affects -the commands operation. -.It ".SH USAGE" -This section is optional and contains a detailed description of the -subcommands and input grammar understood by the command. -.It ".SH RETURN VALUES" -The list of return values a library routine could return to the caller, -with the conditions that cause these values to be returned. -.It ".SH EXIT STATUS" -The list of values returned as the exit status of the command, with -the conditions that cause these values to be returned. -.It ".SH FILES" -The list of files associated with the command or function. -.It ".SH SEE ALSO" -A comma separated list of related manual pages followed by references -to other published documentation. -.It ".SH DIAGNOSTICS" -A list of diagnostic messages with corresponding explanations. -.It ".SH BUGS" -Known defects and limitations, if any. -.El -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width "/usr/share/tmac/tmac.groff_an" -.It "/usr/share/tmac/tmac.an" -Initial file defining the -.Nm -package. -.It "/usr/share/tmac/tmac.groff_an" -.Nm groff -source for macro definitions. -.It "/usr/share/tmac/man.local" -local modifications to the -.Nm -package. -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr apropos 1 , -.Xr groff 1 , -.Xr man 1 , -.Xr nroff 1 , -.Xr troff 1 , -.Xr whatis 1 , -.Xr mdoc 7 , -.Xr mdoc.samples 7 -.Sh HISTORY -This manual page was written by -.An Joseph Koshy Aq jkoshy@FreeBSD.org . diff --git a/share/man/man7/mdoc.7 b/share/man/man7/mdoc.7 deleted file mode 100644 index 518148bb899..00000000000 --- a/share/man/man7/mdoc.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,426 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)mdoc.7 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 -.\" $FreeBSD$ -.\" -.Dd December 30, 1993 -.Os -.Dt MDOC 7 -.Sh NAME -.Nm mdoc -.Nd quick reference guide for the -.Nm \-mdoc -macro package -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm groff -.Fl m Ns Ar doc -.Ar files ... -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Nm \-mdoc -package is a set of content-based and domain-based macros -used to format the -.Bx -man pages. -The macro names and their meanings are -listed below for quick reference; for -a detailed explanation on using the package, -see the tutorial sampler -.Xr mdoc.samples 7 . -.Pp -The macros are described in two groups, the first -includes the structural and physical page layout macros. -The second contains the manual and general text domain -macros which differentiate the -.Nm -\mdoc -package from other -.Xr troff -formatting packages. -.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN -.Ss Title Macros -To create a valid manual page, these three macros, in this order, -are required: -.Bl -tag -width "xxxx.Os OPERATINGxSYSTEM [version/release]" -compact -.It Li "\&.Dd " Ar "Month day, year" -Document date. -.It Li "\&.Dt " Ar "DOCUMENT_TITLE [section] [volume]" -Title, in upper case. -.It Li "\&.Os " Ar "OPERATING_SYSTEM [version/release]" -Operating system -.Pq Tn BSD . -.El -.Ss Page Layout Macros -Section headers, paragraph breaks, lists and displays. -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -.It Li \&.Sh -Section Headers. -Valid headers, in the order of presentation: -.Bl -tag -width "IMPLEMENTATION NOTES" -compact -.It Ar NAME -Name section, should include the -.Ql \&.Nm -or -.Ql \&.Fn -and the -.Ql \&.Nd -macros. -.It Ar LIBRARY -Library where that function is compiled in. -Should include -.Ql \&.Lb -macro only. -.It Ar SYNOPSIS -Usage. -.It Ar DESCRIPTION -General description, should include -options and parameters. -.It Ar IMPLEMENTATION NOTES -Implementation specific information. -.It Ar RETURN VALUES -Sections two and three function calls. -.It Ar ENVIRONMENT -Describe environment variables. -.It Ar FILES -Files associated with the subject. -.It Ar EXAMPLES -Examples and suggestions. -.It Ar DIAGNOSTICS -Normally used for section four device interface diagnostics. -.It Ar COMPATIBILITY -Known compatibility issues. -.It Ar ERRORS -Sections two and three error and signal -handling. -.It Ar SEE ALSO -Cross references and citations. -.It Ar STANDARDS -Conformance to standards if applicable. -.It Ar HISTORY -If a standard is not applicable, the history -of the subject should be given. -.It Ar AUTHORS -Credits, if need be, should be placed here. -.It Ar BUGS -Gotchas and caveats. -.It Ar other -Customized headers may be added at -the authors discretion. -.El -.It Li \&.Ss -Subsection Headers. -.It Li \&.Pp -Paragraph Break. -Vertical space (one line). -.It Li \&.D1 -(D-one) Display-one -Indent and display one text line. -.It Li \&.Dl -(D-ell) Display-one literal. -Indent and display one line of literal text. -.It Li \&.Bd -Begin-display block. -Display options: -.Bl -tag -width "xoffset string " -compact -.It Fl ragged -Unjustified (ragged edges). -.It Fl filled -Justified. -.It Fl literal -Literal text or code. -.It Fl file Ar name -Read in named -.Ar file -and display. -.It Fl offset Ar string -Offset display. -Acceptable -.Ar string -values: -.Bl -tag -width indent-two -compact -.It Ar left -Align block on left (default). -.It Ar center -Approximate center margin. -.It Ar indent -Six constant width spaces (a tab). -.It Ar indent-two -Two tabs. -.It Ar right -Left aligns block 2 inches from -right. -.It Ar xx Ns Cm n -Where -.Ar xx -is a number from -.No \&4 Ns Cm n -to -.No \&9\&9 Ns Cm n . -.It Ar Aa -Where -.Ar Aa -is a callable macro name. -.It Ar string -The width of -.Ar string -is used. -.El -.El -.It Li \&.Ed -End-display (matches \&.Bd). -.It Li \&.Bl -Begin-list. -Create lists or columns. -Options: -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -.It Ar List-types -.Bl -column xbullet -compact -.It Fl bullet Ta "Bullet Item List" -.It Fl item Ta "Unlabeled List" -.It Fl enum Ta "Enumerated List" -.It Fl tag Ta "Tag Labeled List" -.It Fl diag Ta "Diagnostic List" -.It Fl hang Ta "Hanging Labeled List" -.It Fl ohang Ta "Overhanging Labeled List" -.It Fl inset Ta "Inset or Run-on Labeled List" -.El -.It List-parameters -.Bl -tag -width "xcompact " -compact -.It Fl offset -(All lists.) See -.Ql \&.Bd -begin-display above. -.It Fl width -.Pf ( Fl tag -and -.Fl hang -lists only.) -See -.Ql \&.Bd . -.It Fl compact -(All lists.) -Suppresses blank lines. -.El -.El -.It Li \&.El -End-list. -.It Li \&.It -List item. -.El -.Sh MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN MACROS -The manual and general text domain macros are special in that -most of them are parsed for callable macros -for example: -.Bl -tag -width ".Op Fl s Ar filex" -offset indent -.It Li "\&.Op Fl s Ar file" -Produces -.Op Fl s Ar file -.El -.Pp -In this example, the option enclosure macro -.Ql \&.Op -is parsed, and calls the callable content macro -.Ql \&Fl -which operates on the argument -.Ql s -and then calls the callable content macro -.Ql \&Ar -which operates on the argument -.Ql file . -Some macros may be callable, but are not parsed and vice versa. -These macros are indicated in the -.Em parsed -and -.Em callable -columns below. -.Pp -Unless stated, manual domain macros share a common syntax: -.Pp -.Dl \&.Va argument [\ .\ ,\ ;\ :\ (\ )\ [\ ]\ argument \...\ ] -.Pp -.Sy Note : -Opening and closing -punctuation characters are only recognized as such if they are presented -one at a time. -The string -.Ql ")," -is not recognized as punctuation and will be output with a leading white -space and in what ever font the calling macro uses. -The -argument list -.Ql "] ) ," -is recognized as three sequential closing punctuation characters -and a leading white space is not output between the characters -and the previous argument (if any). -The special meaning of a punctuation character may be escaped -with the string -.Ql \e& . -For example the following string, -.Bl -tag -width "&.Ar file1\ , file2\ , file3\ )\ ." -offset indent -.It Li "\&.Ar file1\ , file2\ , file3\ )\ ." -Produces -.Ar file1 , file2 , file3 ) . -.El -.Ss Manual Domain Macros -.Bl -column "Name" "Parsed" Callable" -compact -.It Em Name Parsed Callable Description -.It Li \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Address. (This macro may be deprecated.)" -.It Li \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Author name." -.It Li \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command line argument." -.It Li \&Cd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Configuration declaration (section four only)." -.It Li \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command line argument modifier." -.It Li \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Defined variable (source code)." -.It Li \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Error number (source code)." -.It Li \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Environment variable." -.It Li \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Function argument." -.It Li \&Fd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Function declaration." -.It Li \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Function call (also .Fo and .Fc)." -.It Li \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Interactive command." -.It Li \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Library name; see" -.Xr mdoc.samples 7 , -.Sx Library Name -section for complete list of known libraries. -.It Li \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Literal text." -.It Li \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Command name." -.It Li \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Option (also .Oo and .Oc)." -.It Li \&Ot Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Old style function type (Fortran only)." -.It Li \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Pathname or file name." -.It Li \&St Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Standard; see" -.Xr mdoc.samples 7 , -.Sx Standards -section for complete list of known standards. -.It Li \&Ta Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Tab align next table column." -.It Li \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable name." -.It Li \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Variable type (Fortran only)." -.It Li \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Manual Page Cross Reference." -.El -.Ss General Text Domain Macros -.Bl -column "Name" "Parsed" Callable" -compact -.It Em "Name Parsed Callable Description" -.It Li \&%A Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta "Reference author." -.It Li \&%B Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference book title." -.It Li \&%\&C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference place of publishing (city)." -.It Li \&%\&D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference date." -.It Li \&%J Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference journal title." -.It Li \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference issue number." -.It Li \&%\&O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference optional information." -.It Li \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference page number(s)." -.It Li \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference report Name." -.It Li \&%T Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Reference article title." -.It Li \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference volume." -.It Li \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle close quote." -.It Li \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle open quote." -.It Li \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Apostrophe." -.It Li \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Angle quote." -.It Li \&At Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Tn "AT&T UNIX" -.It Li \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket close quote." -.It Li \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Begin font mode." -.It Li \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket open quote." -.It Li \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Bracket quote." -.It Li \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Bx . -.It Li \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Debug (default is \\*qoff\\*q)" -.It Li \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double close quote." -.It Li \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double open quote." -.It Li \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Double quote." -.It Li \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Enclose string close quote." -.It Li \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "End font mode." -.It Li \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Emphasis (traditional English)." -.It Li \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Enclose string open quote." -.It Li \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Tn "FreeBSD operating system." -.It Li \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Normal text (no-op)." -.It Li \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "No space." -.It Li \&Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Tn "NetBSD operating system." -.It Li \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parenthesis close quote." -.It Li \&Pf Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta "Prefix string." -.It Li \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parenthesis open quote." -.It Li \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Parentheses quote." -.It Li \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Straight Double close quote." -.It Li \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Quoted literal." -.It Li \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Straight Double open quote." -.It Li \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Straight Double quote." -.It Li \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Tn "OpenBSD operating system." -.It Li \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference end." -.It Li \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Reference start." -.It Li \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Return values (sections two and three only)." -.It Li \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single close quote." -.It Li \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single open quote." -.It Li \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Single quote." -.It Li \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Space mode (default is \\*qon\\*q)" -.It Li \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Section Cross Reference." -.It Li \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Symbolic (traditional English)." -.It Li \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Trade or type name (small Caps)." -.It Li \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Ux -.It Li \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Extend argument list close." -.It Li \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta "Extend argument list open." -.El -.\" .It Sy \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta "Include file with header" -.Pp -Macro names ending in -.Ql q -quote remaining items on the argument list. -Macro names ending in -.Ql o -begin a quote which may span more than one line of input and -are close quoted with the matching macro name ending in -.Ql c . -Enclosure macros may be nested and are limited to -eight arguments. -.Pp -Note: the extended argument list macros -.Pf ( Ql \&.Xo , -.Ql \&.Xc ) -and the function enclosure macros -.Pf ( Ql \&.Fo , -.Ql \&.Fc ) -are irregular. -The extended list macros are used when the number of macro arguments -would exceed the -.Xr troff -limitation of nine arguments. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width "tmac.doc-ditroff" -compact -.It Pa tmac.doc -Manual and general text domain macros. -.It Pa doc-common -Common structural macros and definitions. -.It Pa doc-nroff -Site dependent -.Xr nroff -style file. -.It Pa doc-ditroff -Site dependent -.Xr troff -style file. -.It Pa doc-syms -Special defines (such as the standards macro). -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr mdoc.samples 7 diff --git a/share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7 b/share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7 deleted file mode 100644 index 73c3e62a7d6..00000000000 --- a/share/man/man7/mdoc.samples.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3080 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)mdoc.samples.7 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 -.\" $FreeBSD$ -.\" -.\" This tutorial sampler invokes every macro in the package several -.\" times and is guaranteed to give a worst case performance -.\" for an already extremely slow package. -.\" -.Dd December 30, 1993 -.Os -.Dt MDOC.SAMPLES 7 -.Sh NAME -.Nm mdoc.samples -.Nd tutorial sampler for writing -.Bx -manuals with -.Nm \-mdoc -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm man mdoc.samples -.Sh DESCRIPTION -A tutorial sampler for writing -.Bx -manual pages with the -.Nm \-mdoc -macro package, a -.Em content Ns \-based -and -.Em domain Ns \-based -formatting -package for -.Xr troff 1 . -Its predecessor, the -.Xr \-man 7 -package, -addressed page layout leaving the -manipulation of fonts and other -typesetting details to the individual author. -In -.Nm \-mdoc , -page layout macros -make up the -.Em "page structure domain" -which consists of macros for titles, section headers, displays -and lists. Essentially items which affect the physical position -of text on a formatted page. -In addition to the page structure domain, there are two more domains, -the manual domain and the general text domain. -The general text domain is defined as macros which -perform tasks such as quoting or emphasizing pieces of text. -The manual domain is defined as macros that are a subset of the -day to day informal language used to describe commands, routines -and related -.Bx -files. -Macros in the manual domain handle -command names, command line arguments and options, function names, -function parameters, pathnames, variables, cross -references to other manual pages, and so on. -These domain -items have value -for both the author and the future user of the manual page. -It is hoped the consistency gained -across the manual set will provide easier -translation to future documentation tools. -.Pp -Throughout the -.Ux -manual pages, a manual entry -is simply referred -to as a man page, regardless of actual length and without -sexist intention. -.Sh GETTING STARTED -Since a tutorial document is normally read when a person -desires to use the material immediately, the assumption has -been made that the user of this document may be impatient. -The material presented in the remained of this document is -outlined as follows: -.Bl -enum -offset indent -.It -.Tn "TROFF IDIOSYNCRASIES" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "Macro Usage" . -.It "Passing Space Characters in an Argument" . -.It "Trailing Blank Space Characters (a warning)" . -.It "Escaping Special Characters" . -.El -.It -.Tn "THE ANATOMY OF A MAN PAGE" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "A manual page template" . -.El -.It -.Tn "TITLE MACROS" . -.It -.Tn "INTRODUCTION OF MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAINS" . -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "What's in a name..." . -.It "General Syntax" . -.El -.It -.Tn "MANUAL DOMAIN" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "Addresses" . -.It "Author name" . -.It "Arguments" . -.It "Configuration Declarations (section four only)" . -.It "Command Modifier" . -.It "Defined Variables" . -.It "Errno's (Section two only)" . -.It "Environment Variables" . -.It "Function Argument" . -.It "Function Declaration" . -.It "Flags" . -.It "Functions (library routines)" . -.It "Function Types" . -.\" .It "Header File (including source code)" . -.It "Library name" . -.It "Interactive Commands" . -.It "Names" . -.It "Options" . -.It "Pathnames" . -.It "Standards" . -.It "Variables" . -.It "Cross References" . -.El -.It -.Tn "GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "AT&T Macro" . -.It "BSD Macro" . -.It "FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD Macro" . -.It "UNIX Macro" . -.It "Enclosure/Quoting Macros" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "Angle Bracket Quote/Enclosure" . -.It "Bracket Quotes/Enclosure" . -.It "Double Quote macro/Enclosure" . -.It "Parenthesis Quote/Enclosure" . -.It "Single Quotes/Enclosure" . -.It "Prefix Macro" . -.El -.It "No\-Op or Normal Text Macro" . -.It "No Space Macro" . -.It "Section Cross References" . -.It "References and Citations" . -.It "Return Values (sections two and three only)" -.It "Trade Names (Acronyms and Type Names)" . -.It "Extended Arguments" . -.El -.It -.Tn "PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN" -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -offset indent -.It "Section Headers" . -.It "Paragraphs and Line Spacing" . -.It "Keeps" . -.It "Displays" . -.It "Font Modes (Emphasis, Literal, and Symbolic)" . -.It "Lists and Columns" . -.El -.It -.Tn "PREDEFINED STRINGS" -.It -.Tn "DIAGNOSTICS" -.It -.Tn "FORMATTING WITH GROFF, TROFF AND NROFF" -.It -.Tn "BUGS" -.El -.Sh TROFF IDIOSYNCRASIES -The -.Nm \-mdoc -package attempts to simplify the process of writing a man page. -Theoretically, one should not have to learn the dirty details of -.Xr troff 1 -to use -.Nm \-mdoc ; -however, there are a few -limitations which are unavoidable and best gotten out -of the way. -And, too, be forewarned, this package is -.Em not -fast. -.Ss Macro Usage -As in -.Xr troff 1 , -a macro is called by placing a -.Ql \&\. -(dot character) -at the beginning of -a line followed by the two character name for the macro. -Arguments may follow the macro separated by spaces. -It is the dot character at the beginning of the line which causes -.Xr troff 1 -to interpret the next two characters as a macro name. -To place a -.Ql \&\. -(dot character) -at the beginning of a line in some context other than -a macro invocation, precede the -.Ql \&\. -(dot) with the -.Ql \e& -escape sequence. -The -.Ql \e& -translates literally to a zero width space, and is never displayed in the -output. -.Pp -In general, -.Xr troff 1 -macros accept up to nine arguments, any -extra arguments are ignored. -Most macros in -.Nm \-mdoc -accept nine arguments and, -in limited cases, arguments may be continued or extended -on the -next line (See -.Sx Extensions ) . -A few macros handle quoted arguments (see -.Sx Passing Space Characters in an Argument -below). -.Pp -Most of the -.Nm \-mdoc -general text domain and manual domain macros are special -in that their argument lists are -.Em parsed -for callable macro names. -This means an argument on the argument list which matches -a general text or manual domain macro name and is determined -to be callable will be executed -or called when it is processed. -In this case -the argument, although the name of a macro, -is not preceded by a -.Ql \&\. -(dot). -It is in this manner that many macros are nested; for -example -the option macro, -.Ql \&.Op , -may -.Em call -the flag and argument macros, -.Ql \&Fl -and -.Ql \&Ar , -to specify an optional flag with an argument: -.Bl -tag -width "\&.Op \&Fl s \&Ar bytes" -offset indent -.It Op Fl s Ar bytes -is produced by -.Li \&.Op \&Fl s \&Ar bytes -.El -.Pp -To prevent a two character -string from being interpreted as a macro name, precede -the string with the -escape sequence -.Ql \e& : -.Bl -tag -width "\&.Op \&Fl s \&Ar bytes" -offset indent -.It Op \&Fl s \&Ar bytes -is produced by -.Li \&.Op \e&Fl s \e&Ar bytes -.El -.Pp -Here the strings -.Ql \&Fl -and -.Ql \&Ar -are not interpreted as macros. -Macros whose argument lists are parsed for callable arguments -are referred to -as parsed and macros which may be called from an argument -list are referred to as callable -throughout this document and in the companion quick reference -manual -.Xr mdoc 7 . -This is a technical -.Em faux pas -as almost all of the macros in -.Nm \-mdoc -are parsed, but as it was cumbersome to constantly refer to macros -as being callable and being able to call other macros, -the term parsed has been used. -.Ss Passing Space Characters in an Argument -Sometimes it is desirable to give as one argument a string -containing one or more blank space characters. -This may be necessary -to defeat the nine argument limit or to specify arguments to macros -which expect particular arrangement of items in the argument list. -For example, -the function macro -.Ql \&.Fn -expects the first argument to be the name of a function and any -remaining arguments to be function parameters. -As -.Tn "ANSI C" -stipulates the declaration of function parameters in the -parenthesized parameter list, each parameter is guaranteed -to be at minimum a two word string. -For example, -.Fa int foo . -.Pp -There are two possible ways to pass an argument which contains -an embedded space. -.Em Implementation note : -Unfortunately, the most convenient way -of passing spaces in between quotes by reassigning individual -arguments before parsing was fairly expensive speed wise -and space wise to implement in all the macros for -.Tn AT&T -.Xr troff . -It is not expensive for -.Xr groff -but for the sake of portability, has been limited -to the following macros which need -it the most: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact -.It Li \&Cd -Configuration declaration (section 4 -.Sx SYNOPSIS ) -.It Li \&Bl -Begin list (for the width specifier). -.It Li \&Em -Emphasized text. -.It Li \&Fn -Functions (sections two and four). -.It Li \&It -List items. -.It Li \&Li -Literal text. -.It Li \&Sy -Symbolic text. -.It Li \&%B -Book titles. -.It Li \&%J -Journal names. -.It Li \&%O -Optional notes for a reference. -.It Li \&%R -Report title (in a reference). -.It Li \&%T -Title of article in a book or journal. -.El -.Pp -One way of passing a string -containing blank spaces is to use the hard or unpaddable space character -.Ql \e\ , -that is, a blank space preceded by the escape character -.Ql \e . -This method may be used with any macro but has the side effect -of interfering with the adjustment of text -over the length of a line. -.Xr Troff -sees the hard space as if it were any other printable character and -cannot split the string into blank or newline separated pieces as one -would expect. -The method is useful for strings which are not expected -to overlap a line boundary. -For example: -.Bl -tag -width "fetch(char *str)" -offset indent -.It Fn fetch char\ *str -is created by -.Ql \&.Fn fetch char\e *str -.It Fn fetch "char *str" -can also be created by -.Ql \&.Fn fetch "\\*qchar *str\\*q" -.El -.Pp -If the -.Ql \e -or quotes -were omitted, -.Ql \&.Fn -would see three arguments and -the result would be: -.Pp -.Dl Fn fetch char *str -.Pp -For an example of what happens when the parameter list overlaps -a newline boundary, see the -.Sx BUGS -section. -.Ss Trailing Blank Space Characters -.Xr Troff -can be confused by blank space characters at the end of a line. -It -is a wise preventive measure to globally remove all blank spaces -from character sequences. -Should the need -arise to force a blank character at the end of a line, -it may be forced with an unpaddable space and the -.Ql \e& -escape character. -For example, -.Ql string\e\ \e& . -.Ss Escaping Special Characters -Special characters -like the newline character -.Ql \en , -are handled by replacing the -.Ql \e -with -.Ql \ee -(e.g. -.Ql \een ) -to preserve -the backslash. -.Sh THE ANATOMY OF A MAN PAGE -The body of a man page is easily constructed from a basic -template found in the file -.Pa /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template . -Several example man pages can also be found -in -.Pa /usr/share/examples/mdoc . -.Pp -.Ss A manual page template -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.\e" The following requests are required for all man pages. -\&.Dd Month day, year -\&.Os OPERATING_SYSTEM [version/release] -\&.Dt DOCUMENT_TITLE [section number] [volume] -\&.Sh NAME -\&.Nm name -\&.Nd one line description of name -\&.Sh SYNOPSIS -\&.Sh DESCRIPTION -\&.\e" The following requests should be uncommented and -\&.\e" used where appropriate. -\&.\e" .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES -\&.\e" This next request is for sections 2, 3 and 9 function return values only. -\&.\e" .Sh RETURN VALUES -\&.\e" This next request is for sections 1, 6, 7, 8 & 9 only -\&.\e" .Sh ENVIRONMENT -\&.\e" .Sh FILES -\&.\e" .Sh EXAMPLES -\&.\e" This next request is for sections 1, 6, 7, 8 & 9 only -\&.\e" (command return values (to shell) and -\&.\e" fprintf/stderr type diagnostics) -\&.\e" .Sh DIAGNOSTICS -\&.\e" .Sh COMPATIBILITY -\&.\e" The next request is for sections 2, 3 and 9 error -\&.\e" and signal handling only. -\&.\e" .Sh ERRORS -\&.\e" .Sh SEE ALSO -\&.\e" .Sh STANDARDS -\&.\e" .Sh HISTORY -\&.\e" .Sh AUTHORS -\&.\e" .Sh BUGS -.Ed -.Pp -The first items in the template are the macros -.Pq Li \&.Dd , \&.Os , \&.Dt ; -the document date, -the operating system the man page or subject source is developed -or modified for, -and the man page title -.Pq Em in upper case -along with the section of the manual the page -belongs in. -These macros identify the page, -and are discussed below in -.Sx TITLE MACROS . -.Pp -The remaining items in the template are section headers -.Pq Li \&.Sh ; -of which -.Sx NAME , -.Sx SYNOPSIS -and -.Sx DESCRIPTION -are mandatory. -The -headers are -discussed in -.Sx PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN , -after -presentation of -.Sx MANUAL DOMAIN . -Several content macros are used to demonstrate page layout macros; -reading about content macros before page layout macros is -recommended. -.Sh TITLE MACROS -The title macros are the first portion of the page structure -domain, but are presented first and separate for someone who -wishes to start writing a man page yesterday. -Three header macros designate the document title or manual page title, -the operating system, -and the date of authorship. -These macros are one called once at the very beginning of the document -and are used to construct the headers and footers only. -.Bl -tag -width 6n -.It Li \&.Dt DOCUMENT_TITLE section# [volume] -The document title is the -subject of the man page and must be in -.Tn CAPITALS -due to troff -limitations. -The section number may be 1,\ ...,\ 9, -and if it is specified, -the volume title may be omitted. -.Pp -Under -.Fx , -the following section numbers and their descriptions are described below: -.Pp -.Bl -column SMM -offset indent -compact -.It Li 1 FreeBSD General Commands Manual -.It Li 2 FreeBSD System Calls Manaul -.It Li 3 FreeBSD Library Calls Manual -.It Li 4 FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual -.It Li 5 FreeBSD File Formats Manual -.It Li 6 FreeBSD Games Manual -.It Li 7 FreeBSD Miscellaneous Information Manual -.It Li 8 FreeBSD System Manager's Manual -.It Li 9 FreeBSD Kernel Developers Guide -.El -.Pp -A volume title may be arbitrary or one of the following: -.\" .Cl -.\" USD UNIX User's Supplementary Documents -.\" .Cl -.\" PS1 UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents -.Pp -.Bl -column SMM -offset indent -compact -.It Li AMD UNIX Ancestral Manual Documents -.It Li SMM UNIX System Manager's Manual -.It Li URM UNIX Reference Manual -.It Li PRM UNIX Programmer's Manual -.El -.Pp -The default volume labeling is -.Li URM -for sections 1, 6, and 7; -.Li SMM -for section 8; -.Li PRM -for sections 2, 3, 4, and 5. -.\" .Cl -.\" MMI UNIX Manual Master Index -.\" .Cl -.\" CON UNIX Contributed Software Manual -.\" .Cl -.\" LOC UNIX Local Manual -.It Li \&.Os operating_system release# -The name of the operating system -should be the common acronym, e.g. -.Tn BSD -or -.Fx -or -.Tn ATT . -The release should be the standard release -nomenclature for the system specified, e.g. 4.3, 4.3+Tahoe, V.3, -V.4. -Unrecognized arguments are displayed as given in the page footer. -For instance, a typical footer might be: -.Pp -.Dl \&.Os BSD 4.3 -.Pp -or -.Dl \&.Os FreeBSD 2.2 -.Pp -or for a locally produced set -.Pp -.Dl \&.Os CS Department -.Pp -The Berkeley default, -.Ql \&.Os -without an argument, has been defined as -.Tn BSD -in the -site specific file -.Pa /usr/share/tmac/mdoc/doc-common . -It really should default to -.Tn LOCAL . -Note, if the -.Ql \&.Os -macro is not present, the bottom left corner of the page -will be ugly. -.It Li \&.Dd month day, year -The date should be written formally: -.Pp -.Dl January 25, 1989 -.El -.Sh INTRODUCTION OF MANUAL AND GENERAL TEXT DOMAINS -.Ss What's in a name... -The manual domain macro names are derived from the day to day -informal language used to describe commands, subroutines and related -files. -Slightly -different variations of this language are used to describe -the three different aspects of writing a man page. -First, there is the description of -.Nm \-mdoc -macro request usage. -Second is the description of a -.Ux -command -.Em with -.Nm \-mdoc -macros and third, -the -description of a command to a user in the verbal sense; -that is, discussion of a command in the text of a man page. -.Pp -In the first case, -.Xr troff 1 -macros are themselves a type of command; -the general syntax for a troff command is: -.Bd -filled -offset indent -\&.Va argument1 argument2 ... argument9 -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Va -is a macro command or request, and anything following it is an argument to -be processed. -In the second case, -the description of a -.Ux -command using the content macros is a -bit more involved; -a typical -.Sx SYNOPSIS -command line might be displayed as: -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Nm filter -.Op Fl flag -.Ar infile outfile -.Ed -.Pp -Here, -.Nm filter -is the command name and the -bracketed string -.Fl flag -is a -.Em flag -argument designated as optional by the option brackets. -In -.Nm \-mdoc -terms, -.Ar infile -and -.Ar outfile -are -called -.Em arguments . -The macros which formatted the above example: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Nm filter -\&.Op \&Fl flag -\&.Ar infile outfile -.Ed -.Pp -In the third case, discussion of commands and command syntax -includes both examples above, but may add more detail. -The -arguments -.Ar infile -and -.Ar outfile -from the example above might be referred to as -.Em operands -or -.Em file arguments . -Some command line argument lists are quite long: -.Bl -tag -width make -offset indent -.It Nm make -.Op Fl eiknqrstv -.Op Fl D Ar variable -.Op Fl d Ar flags -.Op Fl f Ar makefile -.Bk -words -.Op Fl I Ar directory -.Ek -.Op Fl j Ar max_jobs -.Op Ar variable=value -.Bk -words -.Op Ar target ... -.Ek -.El -.Pp -Here one might talk about the command -.Nm make -and qualify the argument -.Ar makefile , -as an argument to the flag, -.Fl f , -or discuss the optional -file -operand -.Ar target . -In the verbal context, such detail can prevent confusion, -however the -.Nm \-mdoc -package -does not have a macro for an argument -.Em to -a flag. -Instead the -.Ql \&Ar -argument macro is used for an operand or file argument like -.Ar target -as well as an argument to a flag like -.Ar variable . -The make command line was produced from: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Nm make -\&.Op Fl eiknqrstv -\&.Op Fl D Ar variable -\&.Op Fl d Ar flags -\&.Op Fl f Ar makefile -\&.Op Fl I Ar directory -\&.Op Fl j Ar max_jobs -\&.Op Ar variable=value -\&.Bk -words -\&.Op Ar target ... -\&.Ek -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Bk -and -.Ql \&.Ek -macros are explained in -.Sx Keeps . -.Ss General Syntax -The manual domain and general text domain macros share a similar -syntax with a few minor deviations: -.Ql \&.Ar , -.Ql \&.Fl , -.Ql \&.Nm , -and -.Ql \&.Pa -differ only when called without arguments; -.Ql \&.Fn -and -.Ql \&.Xr -impose an order on their argument lists -and the -.Ql \&.Op -and -.Ql \&.Fn -macros -have nesting limitations. -All content macros -are capable of recognizing and properly handling punctuation, -provided each punctuation character is separated by a leading space. -If an request is given: -.Pp -.Dl \&.Li sptr, ptr), -.Pp -The result is: -.Pp -.Dl Li sptr, ptr), -.Pp -The punctuation is not recognized and all is output in the -literal font. If the punctuation is separated by a leading -white space: -.Pp -.Dl \&.Li "sptr , ptr ) ," -.Pp -The result is: -.Pp -.Dl Li sptr , ptr ) , -.Pp -The punctuation is now recognized and is output in the -default font distinguishing it from the strings in literal font. -.Pp -To remove the special meaning from a punctuation character -escape it with -.Ql \e& . -.Xr Troff -is limited as a macro language, and has difficulty -when presented with a string containing -a member of the mathematical, logical or -quotation set: -.Bd -literal -offset indent-two -\&{+,\-,/,*,\&%,<,>,<=,>=,=,==,&,`,',"} -.Ed -.Pp -The problem is that -.Xr troff -may assume it is supposed to actually perform the operation -or evaluation suggested by the characters. To prevent -the accidental evaluation of these characters, -escape them with -.Ql \e& . -Typical syntax is shown in the first content macro displayed -below, -.Ql \&.Ad . -.Sh MANUAL DOMAIN -.Ss Address Macro -The address macro identifies an address construct -of the form addr1[,addr2[,addr3]]. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Ad address ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Ad f1 , f2 , f3 :" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Ad addr1 -.Ad addr1 -.It Li \&.Ad addr1\ . -.Ad addr1 . -.It Li \&.Ad addr1\ , file2 -.Ad addr1 , file2 -.It Li \&.Ad f1\ , f2\ , f3\ : -.Ad f1 , f2 , f3 : -.It Li \&.Ad addr\ )\ )\ , -.Ad addr ) ) , -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Ad -without arguments. -.Ql \&.Ad -is callable by other macros and is parsed. -.Ss Author Name -The -.Ql \&.An -macro is used to specify the name of the author of the item being -documented, or the name of the author of the actual manual page. -Any remaining arguments after the name information are assumed -to be punctuation. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .An author_name \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".An Joe Author ) ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.An Joe\ Author -.An Joe Author -.It Li \&.An Joe\ Author\ , -.An Joe\ Author , -.It Li \&.An Joe\ Author\ \&Aq\ nobody@FreeBSD.ORG -.An Joe Author Aq nobody@FreeBSD.ORG -.It Li \&.An Joe\ Author\ )\ )\ , -.An Joe Author ) ) , -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.An -macro is parsed and is callable. -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.An -without -any arguments. -.Pp -In the -.Sx AUTHORS -section, an -.Ql \&.An -request causes a line break allowing each new name -to appear on its own line. -If this is not desirable, the -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.An -nosplit -.Ed -.Pp -call will turn this off. -To turn splitting back on, call the -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.An -split -.Ed -.Ss Argument Macro -The -.Ql \&.Ar -argument macro may be used whenever -a command line argument is referenced. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Ar argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Ar file1 file2" -compact -offset 15n -.It Li \&.Ar -.Ar -.It Li \&.Ar file1 -.Ar file1 -.It Li \&.Ar file1\ . -.Ar file1 . -.It Li \&.Ar file1 file2 -.Ar file1 file2 -.It Li \&.Ar f1 f2 f3\ : -.Ar f1 f2 f3 : -.It Li \&.Ar file\ )\ )\ , -.Ar file ) ) , -.El -.Pp -If -.Ql \&.Ar -is called without arguments -.Ql Ar -is assumed. -The -.Ql \&.Ar -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Configuration Declaration (section four only) -The -.Ql \&.Cd -macro is used to demonstrate a -.Xr config 8 -declaration for a device interface in a section four manual. -This macro accepts quoted arguments (double quotes only). -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "device le0 at scode?" -offset indent -.It Cd "device le0 at scode?" -produced by: -.Ql ".Cd device le0 at scode?" . -.El -.Ss Command Modifier -The command modifier is identical to the -.Ql \&.Fl -(flag) command with the exception -the -.Ql \&.Cm -macro does not assert a dash -in front of every argument. -Traditionally flags are marked by the -preceding dash, some commands or subsets of commands do not use them. -Command modifiers may also be specified in conjunction with interactive -commands such as editor commands. -See -.Sx Flags . -.Ss Defined Variables -A variable which is defined in an include file is specified -by the macro -.Ql \&.Dv . -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Dv defined_variable ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Dv MAXHOSTNAMELEN" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Dv MAXHOSTNAMELEN" -.Dv MAXHOSTNAMELEN -.It Li ".Dv TIOCGPGRP )" -.Dv TIOCGPGRP ) -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Dv -without arguments. -.Ql \&.Dv -is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Errno's (Section two only) -The -.Ql \&.Er -errno macro specifies the error return value -for section two library routines. -The second example -below shows -.Ql \&.Er -used with the -.Ql \&.Bq -general text domain macro, as it would be used in -a section two manual page. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Er ERRNOTYPE ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Bq Er ENOTDIR" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Er ENOENT -.Er ENOENT -.It Li \&.Er ENOENT\ )\ ; -.Er ENOENT ) ; -.It Li \&.Bq \&Er ENOTDIR -.Bq Er ENOTDIR -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Er -without arguments. -The -.Ql \&.Er -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Environment Variables -The -.Ql \&.Ev -macro specifies an environment variable. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Ev argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Ev PRINTER ) ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Ev DISPLAY -.Ev DISPLAY -.It Li \&.Ev PATH\ . -.Ev PATH . -.It Li \&.Ev PRINTER\ )\ )\ , -.Ev PRINTER ) ) , -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Ev -without arguments. -The -.Ql \&.Ev -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Function Argument -The -.Ql \&.Fa -macro is used to refer to function arguments (parameters) -outside of the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section of the manual or inside -the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section should a parameter list be too -long for the -.Ql \&.Fn -macro and the enclosure macros -.Ql \&.Fo -and -.Ql \&.Fc -must be used. -.Ql \&.Fa -may also be used to refer to structure members. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Fa function_argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Fa d_namlen\ )\ )\ ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Fa d_namlen\ )\ )\ , -.Fa d_namlen ) ) , -.It Li \&.Fa iov_len -.Fa iov_len -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Fa -without arguments. -.Ql \&.Fa -is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Function Declaration -The -.Ql \&.Fd -macro is used in the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section with section two or three -functions. -The -.Ql \&.Fd -macro does not call other macros and is not callable by other -macros. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Fd include_file (or defined variable) -.Pp -In the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section a -.Ql \&.Fd -request causes a line break if a function has already been presented -and a break has not occurred. -This leaves a nice vertical space -in between the previous function call and the declaration for the -next function. -.Ss Flags -The -.Ql \&.Fl -macro handles command line flags. -It prepends -a dash, -.Ql \- , -to the flag. -For interactive command flags, which -are not prepended with a dash, the -.Ql \&.Cm -(command modifier) -macro is identical, but without the dash. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Fl argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Fl \-s \-t \-v" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Fl -.Fl -.It Li \&.Fl cfv -.Fl cfv -.It Li \&.Fl cfv\ . -.Fl cfv . -.It Li \&.Fl s v t -.Fl s v t -.It Li \&.Fl -\ , -.Fl - , -.It Li \&.Fl xyz\ )\ , -.Fl xyz ) , -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Fl -macro without any arguments results -in a dash representing stdin/stdout. -Note that giving -.Ql \&.Fl -a single dash, will result in two dashes. -The -.Ql \&.Fl -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Functions (library routines) -The .Fn macro is modeled on ANSI C conventions. -.Bd -literal -Usage: .Fn [type] function [[type] parameters ... \*(Pu] -.Ed -.Bl -tag -width ".Fn .int align. .const * char *sptrsxx" -compact -.It Li "\&.Fn getchar" -.Fn getchar -.It Li "\&.Fn strlen ) ," -.Fn strlen ) , -.It Li \&.Fn "\\*qint align\\*q" "\\*qconst * char *sptrs\\*q" , -.Fn "int align" "const * char *sptrs" , -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Fn -without any arguments. -The -.Ql \&.Fn -macro -is parsed and is callable, -note that any call to another macro signals the end of -the -.Ql \&.Fn -call (it will close-parenthesis at that point). -.Pp -For functions that have more than eight parameters (and this -is rare), the -macros -.Ql \&.Fo -(function open) -and -.Ql \&.Fc -(function close) -may be used with -.Ql \&.Fa -(function argument) -to get around the limitation. For example: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Ft int -\&.Fo res_mkquery -\&.Fa "int op" -\&.Fa "char *dname" -\&.Fa "int class" -\&.Fa "int type" -\&.Fa "char *data" -\&.Fa "int datalen" -\&.Fa "struct rrec *newrr" -\&.Fa "char *buf" -\&.Fa "int buflen" -\&.Fc -.Ed -.Pp -Produces: -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Ft int -.Fo res_mkquery -.Fa "int op" -.Fa "char *dname" -.Fa "int class" -.Fa "int type" -.Fa "char *data" -.Fa "int datalen" -.Fa "struct rrec *newrr" -.Fa "char *buf" -.Fa "int buflen" -.Fc -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Fo -and -.Ql \&.Fc -macros are parsed and are callable. -In the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section, the function will always begin at -the beginning of line. -If there is more than one function -presented in the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section and a function type has not been -given, a line break will occur, leaving a nice vertical space -between the current function name and the one prior. -At the moment, -.Ql \&.Fn -does not check its word boundaries -against troff line lengths and may split across a newline -ungracefully. -This will be fixed in the near future. -.Ss Function Type -This macro is intended for the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section. -It may be used -anywhere else in the man page without problems, but its main purpose -is to present the function type in kernel normal form for the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -of sections two and three -(it causes a line break allowing the function name to appear -on the next line). -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Ft type ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width "\&.Ft struct stat" -offset 14n -compact -.It Li \&.Ft struct stat -.Ft struct stat -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Ft -request is not callable by other macros. -.Ss Interactive Commands -The -.Ql \&.Ic -macro designates an interactive or internal command. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Ic argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Ic setenv , unsetenvxx" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Ic :wq -.Ic :wq -.It Li \&.Ic do while {...} -.Ic do while {...} -.It Li \&.Ic setenv\ , unsetenv -.Ic setenv , unsetenv -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Ic -without arguments. -The -.Ql \&.Ic -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Library Name -The -.Ql \&.Lb -macro is used to specify library where that function is compiled in. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Lb argument ... \*(Pu -.Pp -Available arguments to -.Ql \&.Lb -macro and its results are: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "libnetgraph" -compact -offset indent -.It Li "libc" -.Lb libc -.It Li "libc_r" -.Lb libc_r -.It Li "libcalendar" -.Lb libcalendar -.It Li "libcam" -.Lb libcam -.It Li "libcompat" -.Lb libcompat -.It Li "libcrypt" -.Lb libcrypt -.It Li "libdevstat" -.Lb libdevstat -.It Li "libdisk" -.Lb libdisk -.It Li "libedit" -.Lb libedit -.It Li "libfetch" -.Lb libfetch -.It Li "libipsec" -.Lb libipsec -.It Li "libipx" -.Lb libipx -.It Li "libkvm" -.Lb libkvm -.It Li "libm" -.Lb libm -.It Li "libmd" -.Lb libmd -.It Li "libnetgraph" -.Lb libnetgraph -.It Li "libskey" -.Lb libskey -.It Li "libusb" -.Lb libusb -.It Li "libutil" -.Lb libutil -.It Li "libvgl" -.Lb libvgl -.El -.Ss Name Macro -The -.Ql \&.Nm -macro is used for the document title or subject name. -It has the peculiarity of remembering the first -argument it was called with, which should -always be the subject name of the page. -When called without -arguments, -.Ql \&.Nm -regurgitates this initial name for the sole purpose -of making less work for the author. -Note: -a section two -or three document function name is addressed with the -.Ql \&.Nm -in the -.Sx NAME -section, and with -.Ql \&.Fn -in the -.Sx SYNOPSIS -and remaining sections. -For interactive commands, such as the -.Ql while -command keyword in -.Xr csh 1 , -the -.Ql \&.Ic -macro should be used. -While the -.Ql \&.Ic -is nearly identical -to -.Ql \&.Nm , -it can not recall the first argument it was invoked with. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Nm argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Nm mdoc.sample" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Nm mdoc.sample -.Nm mdoc.sample -.It Li \&.Nm \e-mdoc -.Nm \-mdoc . -.It Li \&.Nm foo\ )\ )\ , -.Nm foo ) ) , -.It Li \&.Nm -.Nm -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Nm -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Options -The -.Ql \&.Op -macro -places option brackets around any remaining arguments on the command -line, and places any -trailing punctuation outside the brackets. -The macros -.Ql \&.Oc -and -.Ql \&.Oo -may be used across one or more lines. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Op options ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Op Fl c Ar objfil Op Ar corfil ," -compact -offset indent -.It Li \&.Op -.Op -.It Li ".Op Fl k" -.Op Fl k -.It Li ".Op Fl k ) ." -.Op Fl k ) . -.It Li ".Op Fl k Ar kookfile" -.Op Fl k Ar kookfile -.It Li ".Op Fl k Ar kookfile ," -.Op Fl k Ar kookfile , -.It Li ".Op Ar objfil Op Ar corfil" -.Op Ar objfil Op Ar corfil -.It Li ".Op Fl c Ar objfil Op Ar corfil ," -.Op Fl c Ar objfil Op Ar corfil , -.It Li \&.Op word1 word2 -.Op word1 word2 -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Oc -and -.Ql \&.Oo -macros: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Oo -\&.Op \&Fl k \&Ar kilobytes -\&.Op \&Fl i \&Ar interval -\&.Op \&Fl c \&Ar count -\&.Oc -.Ed -.Pp -Produce: -.Oo -.Op Fl k Ar kilobytes -.Op Fl i Ar interval -.Op Fl c Ar count -.Oc -.Pp -The macros -.Ql \&.Op , -.Ql \&.Oc -and -.Ql \&.Oo -are parsed and are callable. -.Ss Pathnames -The -.Ql \&.Pa -macro formats path or file names. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Pa pathname \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /tmp/fooXXXXX ) ." -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Pa /usr/share -.Pa /usr/share -.It Li \&.Pa /tmp/fooXXXXX\ )\ . -.Pa /tmp/fooXXXXX ) . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Pa -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Standards -The -.Ql \&.St -macro replaces standard abbreviature with its formal name. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .St abbreviature -.Pp -Available pairs for -.Dq Abbreviature/Formal Name -are: -.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.2-92XX." -compact -offset indent -.It Li "-ansiC" -.St -ansiC -.It Li "-ansiC-89" -.St -ansiC-89 -.It Li "-ieee754" -.St -ieee754 -.It Li "-iso8802-3" -.St -iso8802-3 -.It Li "-isoC" -.St -isoC -.It Li "-isoC-99" -.St -isoC-99 -.It Li "-p1003.1" -.St -p1003.1 -.It Li "-p1003.1-88" -.St -p1003.1-88 -.It Li "-p1003.1-90" -.St -p1003.1-90 -.It Li "-p1003.1-96" -.St -p1003.1-96 -.It Li "-p1003.1b-93" -.St -p1003.1b-93 -.It Li "-p1003.1g-2000" -.St -p1003.1g-2000 -.It Li "-p1003.2" -.St -p1003.2 -.It Li "-p1003.2-92" -.St -p1003.2-92 -.It Li "-susv2" -.St -susv2 -.It Li "-xpg3" -.St -xpg3 -.It Li "-xpg4" -.St -xpg4 -.It Li "-xpg4.2" -.St -xpg4.2 -.El -.Ss Variables -Generic variable reference: -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Va variable ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Va char s ] ) ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Va count -.Va count -.It Li \&.Va settimer , -.Va settimer , -.It Li \&.Va int\ *prt\ )\ : -.Va int\ *prt ) : -.It Li \&.Va char\ s\ ]\ )\ )\ , -.Va char\ s ] ) ) , -.El -.Pp -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Va -without any arguments. -The -.Ql \&.Va -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Manual Page Cross References -The -.Ql \&.Xr -macro expects the first argument to be -a manual page name, and the second argument, if it exists, -to be either a section page number or punctuation. -Any -remaining arguments are assumed to be punctuation. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Xr man_page [1,...,9] \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Xr mdoc 7 ) ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Xr mdoc -.Xr mdoc -.It Li \&.Xr mdoc\ , -.Xr mdoc , -.It Li \&.Xr mdoc 7 -.Xr mdoc 7 -.It Li \&.Xr mdoc 7\ )\ )\ , -.Xr mdoc 7 ) ) , -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Xr -macro is parsed and is callable. -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Xr -without -any arguments. -.Sh GENERAL TEXT DOMAIN -.Ss AT&T Macro -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -Usage: .At [v6 | v7 | 32v | V.1 | V.4] ... \*(Pu -.Ed -.Bl -tag -width ".At v6 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".At" -.At -.It Li ".At v6 ." -.At v6 . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.At -macro is -.Em not -parsed and -.Em not -callable. It accepts at most two arguments. -.Ss BSD Macro -.Dl Usage: .Bx [Version/release] ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Bx 4.3 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Bx" -.Bx -.It Li ".Bx 4.3 ." -.Bx 4.3 . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Bx -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD Macros -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -Usage: .Fx [ Version.release ] ... \*(Pu -.Ed -.Bl -tag -width ".Fx 2.2 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Fx 2.2 ." -.Fx 2.2 . -.El -.Pp -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -Usage: .Nx [ Version.release ] ... \*(Pu -.Ed -.Bl -tag -width ".Nx 1.4 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Nx 1.4 ." -.Nx 1.4 . -.El -.Pp -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -Usage: .Ox [ Version.release ] ... \*(Pu -.Ed -.Bl -tag -width ".Ox 2.5 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Ox 2.5 ." -.Ox 2.5 . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Fx , -.Ql \&.Nx , -.Ql \&.Ox -macros are parsed and are callable. -They accept at most two arguments. -.Ss UNIX Macro -.Dl Usage: .Ux ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Ux 4.3 ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Ux" -.Ux -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Ux -macro is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Enclosure and Quoting Macros -The concept of enclosure is similar to quoting. -The object being to enclose one or more strings between -a pair of characters like quotes or parentheses. -The terms quoting and enclosure are used -interchangeably throughout this document. -Most of the -one line enclosure macros end -in small letter -.Ql q -to give a hint of quoting, but there are a few irregularities. -For each enclosure macro -there is also a pair of open and close macros which end -in small letters -.Ql o -and -.Ql c -respectively. -These can be used across one or more lines of text -and while they have nesting limitations, the one line quote macros -can be used inside -of them. -.Pp -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Bl -column "quote " "close " "open " "Enclose Stringx(in XX) " XXstringXX -.Em " Quote Close Open Function Result" -\&.Aq .Ac .Ao Angle Bracket Enclosure -\&.Bq .Bc .Bo Bracket Enclosure [string] -\&.Dq .Dc .Do Double Quote ``string'' - .Ec .Eo Enclose String (in XX) XXstringXX -\&.Pq .Pc .Po Parenthesis Enclosure (string) -\&.Ql Quoted Literal `st' or string -\&.Qq .Qc .Qo Straight Double Quote "string" -\&.Sq .Sc .So Single Quote `string' -.El -.Ed -.Pp -Except for the irregular macros noted below, all -of the quoting macros are parsed and callable. -All handle punctuation properly, as long as it -is presented one character at a time and separated by spaces. -The quoting macros examine opening and closing punctuation -to determine whether it comes before or after the -enclosing string. This makes some nesting possible. -.Bl -tag -width xxx,xxxx -.It Li \&.Ec , \&.Eo -These macros expect the first argument to be the -opening and closing strings respectively. -.It Li \&.Ql -The quoted literal macro behaves differently for -.Xr troff -than -.Xr nroff . -If formatted with -.Xr nroff , -a quoted literal is always quoted. -If formatted with -troff, an item is only quoted if the width -of the item is less than three constant width characters. -This is to make short strings more visible where the font change -to literal (constant width) is less noticeable. -.It Li \&.Pf -The prefix macro is not callable, but it is parsed: -.Bl -tag -width "(namexx" -offset indent -.It Li ".Pf ( Fa name2" -becomes -.Pf ( Fa name2 . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Ns -(no space) macro performs the analogous suffix function. -.El -.Pp -Examples of quoting: -.Bl -tag -width ".Aq Pa ctype.h ) ,xxxxxxxx" -compact -offset indent -.It Li \&.Aq -.Aq -.It Li \&.Aq \&Ar ctype.h\ )\ , -.Aq Ar ctype.h ) , -.It Li \&.Bq -.Bq -.It Li \&.Bq \&Em Greek \&, French \&. -.Bq Em Greek , French . -.It Li \&.Dq -.Dq -.It Li ".Dq string abc ." -.Dq string abc . -.It Li ".Dq \'^[A-Z]\'" -.Dq \'^[A-Z]\' -.It Li "\&.Ql man mdoc" -.Ql man mdoc -.It Li \&.Qq -.Qq -.It Li "\&.Qq string ) ," -.Qq string ) , -.It Li "\&.Qq string Ns )," -.Qq string Ns ), -.It Li \&.Sq -.Sq -.It Li "\&.Sq string -.Sq string -.El -.Pp -For a good example of nested enclosure macros, see the -.Ql \&.Op -option macro. -It was created from the same -underlying enclosure macros as those presented in the list -above. -The -.Ql \&.Xo -and -.Ql \&.Xc -extended argument list macros -were also built from the same underlying routines and are a good -example of -.Nm \-mdoc -macro usage at its worst. -.Ss No\-Op or Normal Text Macro -The macro -.Ql \&.No -is -a hack for words in a macro command line which should -.Em not -be formatted and follows the conventional syntax -for content macros. -.Ss No Space Macro -The -.Ql \&.Ns -macro eliminates unwanted spaces in between macro requests. -It is useful for old style argument lists where there is no space -between the flag and argument: -.Bl -tag -width ".Op Fl I Ns Ar directoryxx" -offset indent -.It Li ".Op Fl I Ns Ar directory" -produces -.Op Fl I Ns Ar directory -.El -.Pp -Note: the -.Ql \&.Ns -macro always invokes the -.Ql \&.No -macro after eliminating the space unless another macro name -follows it. -The macro -.Ql \&.Ns -is parsed and is callable. -.Ss Section Cross References -The -.Ql \&.Sx -macro designates a reference to a section header -within the same document. -It is parsed and is callable. -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "Li \&.Sx FILES" -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Sx FILES -.Sx FILES -.El -.Ss References and Citations -The following macros make a modest attempt to handle references. -At best, the macros make it convenient to manually drop in a subset of -refer style references. -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width 6n -offset indent -compact -.It Li ".Rs" -Reference Start. -Causes a line break and begins collection -of reference information until the -reference end macro is read. -.It Li ".Re" -Reference End. -The reference is printed. -.It Li ".%A" -Reference author name, one name per invocation. -.It Li ".%B" -Book title. -.It Li ".\&%C" -City/place. -.It Li ".\&%D" -Date. -.It Li ".%J" -Journal name. -.It Li ".%N" -Issue number. -.It Li ".%O" -Optional information. -.It Li ".%P" -Page number. -.It Li ".%R" -Report name. -.It Li ".%T" -Title of article. -.It Li ".%V" -Volume(s). -.El -.Pp -The macros beginning with -.Ql % -are not callable, and are parsed only for the trade name macro which -returns to its caller. -(And not very predictably at the moment either.) -The purpose is to allow trade names -to be pretty printed in -.Xr troff Ns / Ns Xr ditroff -output. -.Ss Return Values -The -.Ql \&.Rv -macro generates text for use in the -.Sx RETURN VALUES -section. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Rv [-std function] -.Pp -.Ql \&.Rv -std atexit -will generate the following text: -.Pp -.Rv -std atexit -.Pp -The -.Fl std -option is valid only for manual page sections 2 and 3. -.Ss Trade Names (or Acronyms and Type Names) -The trade name macro is generally a small caps macro for -all upper case words longer than two characters. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Tn symbol ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Tn ASCII" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Tn DEC -.Tn DEC -.It Li \&.Tn ASCII -.Tn ASCII -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Tn -macro -is parsed and is callable by other macros. -.Ss Extended Arguments -The -.Ql \&.Xo -and -.Ql \&.Xc -macros allow one to extend an argument list -on a macro boundary. -Argument lists cannot -be extended within a macro -which expects all of its arguments on one line such -as -.Ql \&.Op . -.Pp -Here is an example of -.Ql \&.Xo -using the space mode macro to turn spacing off: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Sm off -\&.It Xo Sy I Ar operation -\&.No \een Ar count No \een -\&.Xc -\&.Sm on -.Ed -.Pp -Produces -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -.Sm off -.It Xo Sy I Ar operation -.No \en Ar count No \en -.Xc -.Sm on -.El -.Ed -.Pp -Another one: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Sm off -\&.It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_pattern Xo -\&.No \&/ Ar new_pattern -\&.No \&/ Op Cm g -\&.Xc -\&.Sm on -.Ed -.Pp -Produces -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -.Sm off -.It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_pattern Xo -.No \&/ Ar new_pattern -.No \&/ Op Cm g -.Xc -.Sm on -.El -.Ed -.Pp -Another example of -.Ql \&.Xo -and using enclosure macros: -Test the value of an variable. -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.It Xo -\&.Ic .ifndef -\&.Oo \e&! Oc Ns Ar variable -\&.Op Ar operator variable ... -\&.Xc -.Ed -.Pp -Produces -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Bl -tag -width flag -compact -.It Xo -.Ic .ifndef -.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable -.Op Ar operator variable ... -.Xc -.El -.Ed -.Pp -All of the above examples have used the -.Ql \&.Xo -macro on the argument list of the -.Ql \&.It -(list-item) -macro. -The extend macros are not used very often, and when they are -it is usually to extend the list-item argument list. -Unfortunately, this is also where the extend macros are the -most finicky. -In the first two examples, spacing was turned off; -in the third, spacing was desired in part of the output but -not all of it. -To make these macros work in this situation make sure -the -.Ql \&.Xo -and -.Ql \&.Xc -macros are placed as shown in the third example. -If the -.Ql \&.Xo -macro is not alone on the -.Ql \&.It -argument list, spacing will be unpredictable. -The -.Ql \&.Ns -(no space macro) -must not occur as the first or last macro on a line -in this situation. -Out of 900 manual pages (about 1500 actual pages) -currently released with -.Bx -only fifteen use the -.Ql \&.Xo -macro. -.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN -.Ss Section Headers -The first three -.Ql \&.Sh -section header macros -list below are required in every -man page. -The remaining section headers -are recommended at the discretion of the author -writing the manual page. -The -.Ql \&.Sh -macro can take up to nine arguments. -It is parsed and but is not callable. -.Bl -tag -width ".Sh SYNOPSIS" -.It \&.Sh NAME -The -.Ql \&.Sh NAME -macro is mandatory. -If not specified, -the headers, footers and page layout defaults -will not be set and things will be rather unpleasant. -The -.Sx NAME -section consists of at least three items. -The first is the -.Ql \&.Nm -name macro naming the subject of the man page. -The second is the Name Description macro, -.Ql \&.Nd , -which separates the subject -name from the third item, which is the description. -The -description should be the most terse and lucid possible, -as the space available is small. -.It \&.Sh SYNOPSIS -The -.Sx SYNOPSIS -section describes the typical usage of the -subject of a man page. -The macros required -are either -.Ql ".Nm" , -.Ql ".Cd" , -.Ql ".Fn" , -(and possibly -.Ql ".Fo" , -.Ql ".Fc" , -.Ql ".Fd" , -.Ql ".Ft" -macros). -The function name -macro -.Ql ".Fn" -is required -for manual page sections 2 and 3, the command and general -name macro -.Ql \&.Nm -is required for sections 1, 5, 6, 7, 8. -Section 4 manuals require a -.Ql ".Nm" , -.Ql ".Fd" -or a -.Ql ".Cd" -configuration device usage macro. -Several other macros may be necessary to produce -the synopsis line as shown below: -.Pp -.Bd -filled -offset indent -.Nm cat -.Op Fl benstuv -.Op Fl -.Ar -.Ed -.Pp -The following macros were used: -.Pp -.Dl \&.Nm cat -.Dl \&.Op \&Fl benstuv -.Dl \&.Op \&Fl -.Dl \&.Ar -.Pp -.Sy Note : -The macros -.Ql \&.Op , -.Ql \&.Fl , -and -.Ql \&.Ar -recognize the pipe bar character -.Ql \*(Ba , -so a command line such as: -.Pp -.Dl ".Op Fl a | Fl b" -.Pp -will not go orbital. -.Xr Troff -normally interprets a \*(Ba as a special operator. -See -.Sx PREDEFINED STRINGS -for a usable \*(Ba -character in other situations. -.It \&.Sh DESCRIPTION -In most cases the first text in the -.Sx DESCRIPTION -section -is a brief paragraph on the command, function or file, -followed by a lexical list of options and respective -explanations. -To create such a list, the -.Ql \&.Bl -begin-list, -.Ql \&.It -list-item and -.Ql \&.El -end-list -macros are used (see -.Sx Lists and Columns -below). -.El -.Pp -The following -.Ql \&.Sh -section headers are part of the -preferred manual page layout and must be used appropriately -to maintain consistency. -They are listed in the order -in which they would be used. -.Bl -tag -width SYNOPSIS -.It \&.Sh ENVIRONMENT -The -.Sx ENVIRONMENT -section should reveal any related -environment -variables and clues to their behavior and/or usage. -.It \&.Sh EXAMPLES -There are several ways to create examples. -See -the -.Sx EXAMPLES -section below -for details. -.It \&.Sh FILES -Files which are used or created by the man page subject -should be listed via the -.Ql \&.Pa -macro in the -.Sx FILES -section. -.It \&.Sh SEE ALSO -References to other material on the man page topic and -cross references to other relevant man pages should -be placed in the -.Sx SEE ALSO -section. -Cross references -are specified using the -.Ql \&.Xr -macro. -Cross references in the -.Sx SEE ALSO -section should be sorted by section number, and then -placed in alphabetical order and comma separated. For example: -.Pp -.Xr ls 1 , -.Xr ps 1 , -.Xr group 5 , -.Xr passwd 5 -.Pp -At this time -.Xr refer 1 -style references are not accommodated. -.It \&.Sh STANDARDS -If the command, library function or file adheres to a -specific implementation such as -.St -p1003.2 -or -.St -ansiC -this should be noted here. -If the -command does not adhere to any standard, its history -should be noted in the -.Sx HISTORY -section. -.It \&.Sh HISTORY -Any command which does not adhere to any specific standards -should be outlined historically in this section. -.It \&.Sh AUTHORS -Credits, if need be, should be placed here. -The -.Ql \&.An -macro should be used to specify the name of the person. -.It \&.Sh DIAGNOSTICS -Diagnostics from a command should be placed in this section. -.It \&.Sh ERRORS -Specific error handling, especially from library functions -(man page sections 2, 3 and 9) should go here. -The -.Ql \&.Er -macro is used to specify an errno. -.It \&.Sh BUGS -Blatant problems with the topic go here... -.El -.Pp -User specified -.Ql \&.Sh -sections may be added, -for example, this section was set with: -.Bd -literal -offset 14n -\&.Sh PAGE STRUCTURE DOMAIN -.Ed -.Ss Paragraphs and Line Spacing. -.Bl -tag -width 6n -.It \&.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Pp -paragraph command may -be used to specify a line space where necessary. -The macro is not necessary after a -.Ql \&.Sh -or -.Ql \&.Ss -macro or before -a -.Ql \&.Bl -macro. -(The -.Ql \&.Bl -macro asserts a vertical distance unless the -compact flag is given). -.El -.\" This worked with version one, need to redo for version three -.\" .Pp -.\" .Ds I -.\" .Cw (ax+bx+c) \ is\ produced\ by\ \& -.\" .\".Cw (ax+bx+c) \&.Va_by_) \&_and_\& \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\& -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx\ ( -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Va ax -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Sy \+ -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \&(\& -.\" .Va ax -.\" .Cx + -.\" .Va by -.\" .Cx + -.\" .Va c ) -.\" .Cx \t -.\" .Em is produced by -.\" .Cx \t -.\" .Li \&.Va by -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Sy \+ -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Va c ) -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cw -.\" .De -.\" .Pp -.\" This example shows the same equation in a different format. -.\" The spaces -.\" around the -.\" .Li \&+ -.\" signs were forced with -.\" .Li \e : -.\" .Pp -.\" .Ds I -.\" .Cw (ax\ +\ bx\ +\ c) \ is\ produced\ by\ \& -.\" .\".Cw (ax+bx+c) \&.Va_by_) \&_and_\& \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\& -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx\ ( -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Va a -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Sy x -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx \e\ +\e\ \e& -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \&(\& -.\" .Va a -.\" .Sy x -.\" .Cx \ +\ \& -.\" .Va b -.\" .Sy y -.\" .Cx \ +\ \& -.\" .Va c ) -.\" .Cx \t -.\" .Em is produced by -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Va b -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Sy y -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx \e\ +\e\ \e& -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Va c ) -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cw -.\" .De -.\" .Pp -.\" The incantation below was -.\" lifted from the -.\" .Xr adb 1 -.\" manual page: -.\" .Pp -.\" .Ds I -.\" .Cw \&[?/]m_b1_e1_f1[?/]\& is\ produced\ by -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx Op Sy ?/ -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Nm m -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx Op Sy ?/ -.\" .Nm m -.\" .Ad \ b1 e1 f1 -.\" .Op Sy ?/ -.\" .Cx \t -.\" .Em is produced by -.\" .Cx \t -.\" .Li \&.Ar \e\ b1 e1 f1 -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Op Sy ?/ -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cl Cx \t\t -.\" .Li \&.Cx -.\" .Cx -.\" .Cw -.\" .De -.\" .Pp -.Ss Keeps -The only keep that is implemented at this time is for words. -The macros are -.Ql \&.Bk -(begin-keep) -and -.Ql \&.Ek -(end-keep). -The only option that -.Ql \&.Bk -accepts is -.Fl words -and is useful for preventing line breaks in the middle of options. -In the example for the make command line arguments (see -.Sx What's in a name ) , -the keep prevented -.Xr nroff -from placing up the -flag and the argument -on separate lines. -(Actually, the option macro used to prevent this from occurring, -but was dropped when the decision (religious) was made to force -right justified margins in -.Xr troff -as options in general look atrocious when spread across a sparse -line. -More work needs to be done with the keep macros, a -.Fl line -option needs to be added.) -.Ss Examples and Displays -There are five types of displays, a quickie one line indented display -.Ql \&.D1 , -a quickie one line literal display -.Ql \&.Dl , -and a block literal, block filled and block ragged which use -the -.Ql \&.Bd -begin-display -and -.Ql \&.Ed -end-display macros. -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width \&.Dlxx -.It Li \&.D1 -(D-one) Display one line of indented text. -This macro is parsed, but it is not callable. -.Pp -.D1 Fl ldghfstru -.Pp -The above was produced by: -.Li \&.D1 \&Fl ldghfstru . -.It Li \&.Dl -(D-ell) -Display one line of indented -.Em literal -text. -The -.Ql \&.Dl -example macro has been used throughout this -file. -It allows -the indent (display) of one line of text. -Its default font is set to -constant width (literal) however -it is parsed and will recognize other macros. -It is not callable however. -.Pp -.Dl % ls -ldg /usr/local/bin -.Pp -The above was produced by -.Li \&.Dl % ls -ldg /usr/local/bin . -.It Li \&.Bd -Begin-display. -The -.Ql \&.Bd -display must be ended with the -.Ql \&.Ed -macro. -Displays may be nested within displays and -lists. -.Ql \&.Bd -has the following syntax: -.Pp -.Dl ".Bd display-type [-offset offset_value] [-compact]" -.Pp -The display-type must be one of the following four types and -may have an offset specifier for indentation: -.Ql \&.Bd . -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "file file_name " -compact -.It Fl ragged -Display a block of text as typed, -right (and left) margin edges are left ragged. -.It Fl filled -Display a filled (formatted) block. -The block of text is formatted (the edges are filled \- -not left unjustified). -.It Fl literal -Display a literal block, useful for source code or -simple tabbed or spaced text. -.It Fl file Ar file_name -The file name following the -.Fl file -flag is read and displayed. -Literal mode is -asserted and tabs are set at 8 constant width character -intervals, however any -.Xr troff/ Ns Nm \-mdoc -commands in file will be processed. -.It Fl offset Ar string -If -.Fl offset -is specified with one of the following strings, the string -is interpreted to indicate the level of indentation for the -forthcoming block of text: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "indent-two" -compact -.It Ar left -Align block on the current left margin, -this is the default mode of -.Ql \&.Bd . -.It Ar center -Supposedly center the block. -At this time -unfortunately, the block merely gets -left aligned about an imaginary center margin. -.It Ar indent -Indents by one default indent value or tab. -The default -indent value is also used for the -.Ql \&.D1 -display so one is guaranteed the two types of displays -will line up. -This indent is normally set to 6n or about two -thirds of an inch (six constant width characters). -.It Ar indent-two -Indents two times the default indent value. -.It Ar right -This -.Em left -aligns the block about two inches from -the right side of the page. -This macro needs -work and perhaps may never do the right thing by -.Xr troff . -.El -.El -.It ".Ed" -End-display. -.El -.Ss Font Modes -There are five macros for changing the appearance of the manual page text: -.Bl -tag -width \&.Emxx -.It \&.Em -Text may be stressed or emphasized with the -.Ql \&.Em -macro. -The usual font for emphasis is italic. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Em argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Em vide infra ) ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li ".Em does not" -.Em does not -.It Li ".Em exceed 1024 ." -.Em exceed 1024 . -.It Li ".Em vide infra ) ) ," -.Em vide infra ) ) , -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Em -macro is parsed and is callable. -It is an error to call -.Ql \&.Em -without arguments. -.It \&.Li -The -.Ql \&.Li -literal macro may be used for special characters, -variable constants, anything which should be displayed as it -would be typed. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Li argument ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Li cntrl-D ) ," -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Li \een -.Li \en -.It Li \&.Li M1 M2 M3\ ; -.Li M1 M2 M3 ; -.It Li \&.Li cntrl-D\ )\ , -.Li cntrl-D ) , -.It Li \&.Li 1024\ ... -.Li 1024 ... -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Li -macro is parsed and is callable. -.It \&.Sy -The symbolic emphasis macro is generally a boldface macro in -either the symbolic sense or the traditional English usage. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: .Sy symbol ... \*(Pu -.Bl -tag -width ".Sy Important Noticex" -compact -offset 14n -.It Li \&.Sy Important Notice -.Sy Important Notice -.El -.Pp -The -.Ql \&.Sy -macro is parsed and is callable. -Arguments to -.Ql \&.Sy -may be quoted. -.It Li \&.Bf -Begin font mode. -The -.Ql \&.Bf -font mode must be ended with the -.Ql \&.Ef -macro. -Font modes may be nested within other font modes. -.Ql \&.Bf -has the following syntax: -.Pp -.Dl ".Bf font-mode" -.Pp -The font-mode must be one of the following three types: -.Ql \&.Bf . -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "file file_name " -compact -.It Sy \&Em | Fl emphasis -Same as if the -.Ql \&.Em -macro was used for the entire block of text. -.It Sy \&Li | Fl literal -Same as if the -.Ql \&.Li -macro was used for the entire block of text. -.It Sy \&Sy | Fl symbolic -Same as if the -.Ql \&.Sy -macro was used for the entire block of text. -.El -.It ".Ef" -End font mode. -.El -.Ss Tagged Lists and Columns -There are several types of lists which may be initiated with the -.Ql ".Bl" -begin-list macro. -Items within the list -are specified with the -.Ql ".It" -item macro and -each list must end with the -.Ql ".El" -macro. -Lists may be nested within themselves and within displays. -Columns may be used inside of lists, but lists are unproven -inside of columns. -.Pp -In addition, several list attributes may be specified such as -the width of a tag, the list offset, and compactness -(blank lines between items allowed or disallowed). -Most of this document has been formatted with a tag style list -.Pq Fl tag . -For a change of pace, the list-type used to present the list-types -is an over-hanging list -.Pq Fl ohang . -This type of list is quite popular with -.Tn TeX -users, but might look a bit funny after having read many pages of -tagged lists. -The following list types are accepted by -.Ql ".Bl" : -.Pp -.Bl -ohang -compact -.It Fl bullet -.It Fl item -.It Fl enum -These three are the simplest types of lists. -Once the -.Ql ".Bl" -macro has been given, items in the list are merely -indicated by a line consisting solely of the -.Ql ".It" -macro. -For example, the source text for a simple enumerated list -would look like: -.Bd -literal -offset indent-two -\&.Bl -enum -compact -\&.It -\&Item one goes here. -\&.It -\&And item two here. -\&.It -\&Lastly item three goes here. -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -The results: -.Pp -.Bl -enum -offset indent-two -compact -.It -Item one goes here. -.It -And item two here. -.It -Lastly item three goes here. -.El -.Pp -A simple bullet list construction: -.Bd -literal -offset indent-two -\&.Bl -bullet -compact -\&.It -\&Bullet one goes here. -\&.It -\&Bullet two here. -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -Produces: -.Bl -bullet -offset indent-two -compact -.It -Bullet one goes here. -.It -Bullet two here. -.El -.Pp -.It Fl tag -.It Fl diag -.It Fl hang -.It Fl ohang -.It Fl inset -These list-types collect arguments specified with the -.Ql \&.It -macro and create a label which may be -.Em inset -into the forthcoming text, -.Em hanged -from the forthcoming text, -.Em overhanged -from above and not indented or -.Em tagged . -This -list was constructed with the -.Ql Fl ohang -list-type. -The -.Ql \&.It -macro is parsed only for the inset, hang -and tag list-types and is not callable. -Here is an example of inset labels: -.Bl -inset -offset indent -.It Em Tag -The tagged list (also called a tagged paragraph) is the -most common type of list used in the Berkeley manuals. -.It Em Diag -Diag lists create section four diagnostic lists -and are similar to inset lists except callable -macros are ignored. -.It Em Hang -Hanged labels are a matter of taste. -.It Em Ohang -Overhanging labels are nice when space is constrained. -.It Em Inset -Inset labels are useful for controlling blocks of -paragraphs and are valuable for converting -.Nm \-mdoc -manuals to other formats. -.El -.Pp -Here is the source text which produced the above example: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bl -inset -offset indent -\&.It Em Tag -\&The tagged list (also called a tagged paragraph) is the -\&most common type of list used in the Berkeley manuals. -\&.It Em Diag -\&Diag lists create section four diagnostic lists -\&and are similar to inset lists except callable -\¯os are ignored. -\&.It Em Hang -\&Hanged labels are a matter of taste. -\&.It Em Ohang -\&Overhanging labels are nice when space is constrained. -\&.It Em Inset -\&Inset labels are useful for controlling blocks of -\¶graphs and are valuable for converting -\&.Nm \-mdoc -\&manuals to other formats. -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -Here is a hanged list with two items: -.Bl -hang -offset indent -.It Em Hanged -labels appear similar to tagged lists when the -label is smaller than the label width. -.It Em Longer hanged list labels -blend in to the paragraph unlike -tagged paragraph labels. -.El -.Pp -And the unformatted text which created it: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bl -hang -offset indent -\&.It Em Hanged -\&labels appear similar to tagged lists when the -\&label is smaller than the label width. -\&.It Em Longer hanged list labels -\&blend in to the paragraph unlike -\&tagged paragraph labels. -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -The tagged list which follows uses an optional width specifier to control -the width of the tag. -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "PAGEIN" -compact -offset indent -.It SL -sleep time of the process (seconds blocked) -.It PAGEIN -number of disk -.Tn I/O Ns 's -resulting from references -by the process to pages not loaded in core. -.It UID -numerical user-id of process owner -.It PPID -numerical id of parent of process process priority -(non-positive when in non-interruptible wait) -.El -.Pp -The raw text: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bl -tag -width "PAGEIN" -compact -offset indent -\&.It SL -\&sleep time of the process (seconds blocked) -\&.It PAGEIN -\&number of disk -\&.Tn I/O Ns 's -\&resulting from references -\&by the process to pages not loaded in core. -\&.It UID -\&numerical user-id of process owner -\&.It PPID -\&numerical id of parent of process process priority -\&(non-positive when in non-interruptible wait) -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -Acceptable width specifiers: -.Bl -tag -width Ar -offset indent -.It Fl width Ar "\&Fl" -sets the width to the default width for a flag. -All callable -macros have a default width value. -The -.Ql \&.Fl , -value is presently -set to ten constant width characters or about five sixth of -an inch. -.It Fl width Ar "24n" -sets the width to 24 constant width characters or about two -inches. -The -.Ql n -is absolutely necessary for the scaling to work correctly. -.It Fl width Ar "ENAMETOOLONG" -sets width to the constant width length of the -string given. -.It Fl width Ar "\\*qint mkfifo\\*q" -again, the width is set to the constant width of the string -given. -.El -.Pp -If a width is not specified for the tag list type, the first -time -.Ql \&.It -is invoked, an attempt is made to determine an appropriate -width. -If the first argument to -.Ql ".It" -is a callable macro, the default width for that macro will be used -as if the macro name had been supplied as the width. -However, -if another item in the list is given with a different callable -macro name, a new and nested list is assumed. -.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS -The following strings are predefined and may be used by -preceding with the troff string interpreting sequence -.Ql \&\e*(xx -where -.Em xx -is the name of the defined string or as -.Ql \&\e*x -where -.Em x -is the name of the string. -The interpreting sequence may be used anywhere in the text. -.Pp -.Bl -column "String " "Nroff " "Troff " -offset indent -.It Sy "String Nroff Troff" -.It Li "<=" Ta \&<\&= Ta \*(<= -.It Li ">=" Ta \&>\&= Ta \*(>= -.It Li "Rq" Ta "''" Ta \*(Rq -.It Li "Lq" Ta "``" Ta \*(Lq -.It Li "ua" Ta ^ Ta \*(ua -.It Li "aa" Ta ' Ta \*(aa -.It Li "ga" Ta \` Ta \*(ga -.\" .It Li "sL" Ta ` Ta \*(sL -.\" .It Li "sR" Ta ' Ta \*(sR -.It Li "q" Ta \&" Ta \*q -.It Li "Pi" Ta pi Ta \*(Pi -.It Li "Ne" Ta != Ta \*(Ne -.It Li "Le" Ta <= Ta \*(Le -.It Li "Ge" Ta >= Ta \*(Ge -.It Li "Lt" Ta < Ta \*(Gt -.It Li "Gt" Ta > Ta \*(Lt -.It Li "Pm" Ta +- Ta \*(Pm -.It Li "If" Ta infinity Ta \*(If -.It Li "Na" Ta \fINaN\fP Ta \*(Na -.It Li "Ba" Ta \fR\&|\fP Ta \*(Ba -.El -.Pp -.Sy Note : -The string named -.Ql q -should be written as -.Ql \e*q -since it is only one char. -.Sh DIAGNOSTICS -The debugging facilities for -.Nm \-mdoc -are limited, but can help detect subtle errors such -as the collision of an argument name with an internal -register or macro name. -(A what?) -A register is an arithmetic storage class for -.Xr troff -with a one or two character name. -All registers internal to -.Nm \-mdoc -for -.Xr troff -and -.Xr ditroff -are two characters and -of the form such as -.Ql \&Ar , - as -.Ql \&aR -or - as -.Ql \&C\&1 . -And adding to the muddle, -.Xr troff -has its own internal registers all of which are either -two lower case characters or a dot plus a letter or meta-character -character. -In one of the introduction examples, it was shown how to -prevent the interpretation of a macro name with the escape sequence -.Ql \e& . -This is sufficient for the internal register names also. -.Pp -.\" Every callable macro name has a corresponding register -.\" of the same name (). -.\" There are also specific registers which have -.\" been used for stacks and arrays and are listed in the -.\" .Sx Appendix . -.\" .Bd -ragged -offset 4n -.\" [A-Z][a-z] registers corresponding to macro names (example ``Ar'') -.\" [a-z][A-Z] registers corresponding to macro names (example ``aR'') -.\" C[0-9] argument types (example C1) -.\" O[0-9] offset stack (displays) -.\" h[0-9] horizontal spacing stack (lists) -.\" o[0-9] offset (stack) (lists) -.\" t[0-9] tag stack (lists) -.\" v[0-9] vertical spacing stack (lists) -.\" w[0-9] width tag/label stack -.\" .Ed -.\" .Pp -If a non-escaped register name is given in the argument list of a request -unpredictable behavior will occur. -In general, any time huge portions -of text do not appear where expected in the output, or small strings -such as list tags disappear, chances are there is a misunderstanding -about an argument type in the argument list. -Your mother never intended for you to remember this evil stuff - so here -is a way to find out whether or not your arguments are valid: The -.Ql \&.Db -(debug) -macro displays the interpretation of the argument list for most -macros. -Macros such as the -.Ql \&.Pp -(paragraph) -macro do not contain debugging information. -All of the callable macros do, -and it is strongly advised whenever in doubt, -turn on the -.Ql \&.Db -macro. -.Pp -.Dl Usage: \&.Db [on | off] -.Pp -An example of a portion of text with -the debug macro placed above and below an -artificially created problem (a flag argument -.Ql \&aC -which should be -.Ql \e&aC -in order to work): -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Db on -\&.Op Fl aC Ar file ) -\&.Db off -.Ed -.Pp -The resulting output: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -DEBUGGING ON -DEBUG(argv) MACRO: `.Op' Line #: 2 - Argc: 1 Argv: `Fl' Length: 2 - Space: `' Class: Executable - Argc: 2 Argv: `aC' Length: 2 - Space: `' Class: Executable - Argc: 3 Argv: `Ar' Length: 2 - Space: `' Class: Executable - Argc: 4 Argv: `file' Length: 4 - Space: ` ' Class: String - Argc: 5 Argv: `)' Length: 1 - Space: ` ' Class: Closing Punctuation or suffix - MACRO REQUEST: .Op Fl aC Ar file ) -DEBUGGING OFF -.Ed -.Pp -The first line of information tells the name of the calling -macro, here -.Ql \&.Op , -and the line number it appears on. -If one or more files are involved -(especially if text from another file is included) the line number -may be bogus. -If there is only one file, it should be accurate. -The second line gives the argument count, the argument -.Pq Ql \&Fl -and its length. -If the length of an argument is two characters, the -argument is tested to see if it is executable (unfortunately, any -register which contains a non-zero value appears executable). -The third line gives the space allotted for a class, and the -class type. -The problem here is the argument aC should not be -executable. -The four types of classes are string, executable, closing -punctuation and opening punctuation. -The last line shows the entire -argument list as it was read. -In this next example, the offending -.Ql \&aC -is escaped: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Db on -\&.Em An escaped \e&aC -\&.Db off -.Ed -.Bd -literal -offset indent -DEBUGGING ON -DEBUG(fargv) MACRO: `.Em' Line #: 2 - Argc: 1 Argv: `An' Length: 2 - Space: ` ' Class: String - Argc: 2 Argv: `escaped' Length: 7 - Space: ` ' Class: String - Argc: 3 Argv: `aC' Length: 2 - Space: ` ' Class: String - MACRO REQUEST: .Em An escaped &aC -DEBUGGING OFF -.Ed -.Pp -The argument -.Ql \e&aC -shows up with the same length of 2 as the -.Ql \e& -sequence produces a zero width, but a register -named -.Ql \e&aC -was not found and the type classified as string. -.Pp -Other diagnostics consist of usage statements and are self explanatory. -.Sh GROFF, TROFF AND NROFF -The -.Nm \-mdoc -package does not need compatibility mode with -.Xr groff . -.Pp -The package inhibits page breaks, and the headers and footers -which normally occur at those breaks with -.Xr nroff , -to make the manual more efficient for viewing on-line. -At the moment, -.Xr groff -with -.Fl T Ns Ar ascii -does eject the imaginary remainder of the page at end of file. -The inhibiting of the page breaks makes -.Xr nroff Ns 'd -files unsuitable for hardcopy. -There is a register named -.Ql \&cR -which can be set to zero in the site dependent style file -.Pa /usr/src/share/tmac/doc-nroff -to restore the old style behavior. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/man0/template.doc -compact -.It Pa /usr/share/tmac/tmac.doc -manual macro package -.It Pa /usr/share/misc/mdoc.template -template for writing a man page -.It Pa /usr/share/examples/mdoc/* -several example man pages -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr man 1 , -.Xr troff 1 , -.Xr mdoc 7 -.Sh BUGS -Predefined strings are not declared in documentation. -.Pp -Section 3f has not been added to the header routines. -.Pp -.Ql \&.Nm -font should be changed in -.Sx NAME -section. -.Pp -.Ql \&.Fn -needs to have a check to prevent splitting up -if the line length is too short. -Occasionally it -separates the last parenthesis, and sometimes -looks ridiculous if a line is in fill mode. -.Pp -The list and display macros to not do any keeps -and certainly should be able to. -.\" Note what happens if the parameter list overlaps a newline -.\" boundary. -.\" to make sure a line boundary is crossed: -.\" .Bd -literal -.\" \&.Fn struct\e\ dictionarytable\e\ *dictionarylookup struct\e\ dictionarytable\e\ *tab[] -.\" .Ed -.\" .Pp -.\" produces, nudge nudge, -.\" .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] , -.\" .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] , -.\" nudge -.\" .Fn struct\ dictionarytable\ *dictionarylookup char\ *h struct\ dictionarytable\ *tab[] . -.\" .Pp -.\" If double quotes are used, for example: -.\" .Bd -literal -.\" \&.Fn \*qstruct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup\*q \*qchar *h\*q \*qstruct dictionarytable *tab[]\*q -.\" .Ed -.\" .Pp -.\" produces, nudge nudge, -.\" .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" , -.\" nudge -.\" .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" , -.\" nudge -.\" .Fn "struct dictionarytable *dictionarylookup" "char *h" "struct dictionarytable *tab[]" . -.\" .Pp -.\" Not a pretty sight... -.\" In a paragraph, a long parameter containing unpaddable spaces as -.\" in the former example will cause -.\" .Xr troff -.\" to break the line and spread -.\" the remaining words out. -.\" The latter example will adjust nicely to -.\" justified margins, but may break in between an argument and its -.\" declaration. -.\" In -.\" .Xr nroff -.\" the right margin adjustment is normally ragged and the problem is -.\" not as severe. -- 2.45.0