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1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7  * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33
34 #if 0
35 #ifndef lint
36 static char const copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
38         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
39 #endif /* not lint */
40
41 #ifndef lint
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c        8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 #endif
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
47
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/conf.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/filio.h>
53 #include <sys/time.h>
54
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <fcntl.h>
59 #include <inttypes.h>
60 #include <locale.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <unistd.h>
65
66 #include "dd.h"
67 #include "extern.h"
68
69 static void dd_close(void);
70 static void dd_in(void);
71 static void getfdtype(IO *);
72 static void setup(void);
73
74 IO      in, out;                /* input/output state */
75 STAT    st;                     /* statistics */
76 void    (*cfunc)(void);         /* conversion function */
77 uintmax_t cpy_cnt;              /* # of blocks to copy */
78 static off_t    pending = 0;    /* pending seek if sparse */
79 u_int   ddflags = 0;            /* conversion options */
80 size_t  cbsz;                   /* conversion block size */
81 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1;        /* # of files to copy */
82 const   u_char *ctab;           /* conversion table */
83 char    fill_char;              /* Character to fill with if defined */
84 volatile sig_atomic_t need_summary;
85
86 int
87 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[])
88 {
89         (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
90         jcl(argv);
91         setup();
92
93         (void)signal(SIGINFO, siginfo_handler);
94         (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
95
96         atexit(summary);
97
98         while (files_cnt--)
99                 dd_in();
100
101         dd_close();
102         /*
103          * Some devices such as cfi(4) may perform significant amounts
104          * of work when a write descriptor is closed.  Close the out
105          * descriptor explicitly so that the summary handler (called
106          * from an atexit() hook) includes this work.
107          */
108         close(out.fd);
109         exit(0);
110 }
111
112 static int
113 parity(u_char c)
114 {
115         int i;
116
117         i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^ 
118             (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7);
119         return (i & 1);
120 }
121
122 static void
123 setup(void)
124 {
125         u_int cnt;
126         struct timeval tv;
127
128         if (in.name == NULL) {
129                 in.name = "stdin";
130                 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
131         } else {
132                 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
133                 if (in.fd == -1)
134                         err(1, "%s", in.name);
135         }
136
137         getfdtype(&in);
138
139         if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
140                 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
141
142         if (out.name == NULL) {
143                 /* No way to check for read access here. */
144                 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
145                 out.name = "stdout";
146         } else {
147 #define OFLAGS \
148     (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
149                 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
150                 /*
151                  * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
152                  * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
153                  * not support seeks.
154                  */
155                 if (out.fd == -1) {
156                         out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
157                         out.flags |= NOREAD;
158                 }
159                 if (out.fd == -1)
160                         err(1, "%s", out.name);
161         }
162
163         getfdtype(&out);
164
165         /*
166          * Allocate space for the input and output buffers.  If not doing
167          * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
168          */
169         if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
170                 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
171                         err(1, "input buffer");
172                 out.db = in.db;
173         } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
174             (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
175                 err(1, "output buffer");
176         in.dbp = in.db;
177         out.dbp = out.db;
178
179         /* Position the input/output streams. */
180         if (in.offset)
181                 pos_in();
182         if (out.offset)
183                 pos_out();
184
185         /*
186          * Truncate the output file.  If it fails on a type of output file
187          * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
188          */
189         if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
190             out.flags & ISTRUNC)
191                 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
192                         err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
193
194         if (ddflags & (C_LCASE  | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) {
195                 if (ctab != NULL) {
196                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
197                                 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt];
198                 } else {
199                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
200                                 casetab[cnt] = cnt;
201                 }
202                 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) {
203                         /*
204                          * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity
205                          * processing, strip input parity.
206                          */
207                         for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
208                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f];
209                 }
210                 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
211                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
212                                 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]);
213                 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) {
214                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
215                                 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]);
216                 }
217                 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) {
218                         /*
219                          * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I
220                          * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us.
221                          */
222                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
223                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f;
224                 }
225                 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) {
226                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
227                                 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
228                 }
229                 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) {
230                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
231                                 if (parity(casetab[cnt]))
232                                         casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
233                 }
234                 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) {
235                         for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
236                                 if (!parity(casetab[cnt]))
237                                         casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80;
238                 }
239
240                 ctab = casetab;
241         }
242
243         (void)gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
244         st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
245 }
246
247 static void
248 getfdtype(IO *io)
249 {
250         struct stat sb;
251         int type;
252
253         if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
254                 err(1, "%s", io->name);
255         if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
256                 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
257         if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 
258                 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
259                         err(1, "%s", io->name);
260                 } else {
261                         if (type & D_TAPE)
262                                 io->flags |= ISTAPE;
263                         else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
264                                 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
265                         if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
266                                 io->flags |= ISCHR;
267                 }
268                 return;
269         }
270         errno = 0;
271         if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
272                 io->flags |= ISPIPE;
273         else
274                 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
275 }
276
277 static void
278 dd_in(void)
279 {
280         ssize_t n;
281
282         for (;;) {
283                 switch (cpy_cnt) {
284                 case -1:                        /* count=0 was specified */
285                         return;
286                 case 0:
287                         break;
288                 default:
289                         if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt)
290                                 return;
291                         break;
292                 }
293
294                 /*
295                  * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
296                  * use spaces.
297                  */
298                 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
299                         if (ddflags & C_FILL)
300                                 memset(in.dbp, fill_char, in.dbsz);
301                         else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
302                                 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
303                         else
304                                 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
305                 }
306
307                 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
308                 if (n == 0) {
309                         in.dbrcnt = 0;
310                         return;
311                 }
312
313                 /* Read error. */
314                 if (n == -1) {
315                         /*
316                          * If noerror not specified, die.  POSIX requires that
317                          * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
318                          */
319                         if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
320                                 err(1, "%s", in.name);
321                         warn("%s", in.name);
322                         summary();
323
324                         /*
325                          * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
326                          * error.  If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
327                          * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
328                          * in sector size chunks.
329                          */
330                         if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
331                             lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
332                                 warn("%s", in.name);
333
334                         /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
335                         if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
336                                 continue;
337
338                         /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
339                         in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
340                         ++st.in_full;
341
342                 /* Handle full input blocks. */
343                 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
344                         in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
345                         ++st.in_full;
346
347                 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
348                 } else {
349                         /* If sync, use the entire block. */
350                         if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
351                                 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
352                         else
353                                 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
354                         ++st.in_part;
355                 }
356
357                 /*
358                  * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
359                  * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
360                  * is output without buffering as it is read.
361                  */
362                 if ((ddflags & ~(C_NOERROR | C_NOTRUNC | C_SYNC)) == C_BS) {
363                         out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
364                         dd_out(1);
365                         in.dbcnt = 0;
366                         continue;
367                 }
368
369                 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
370                         if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
371                                 ++st.swab;
372                                 --n;
373                         }
374                         swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
375                 }
376
377                 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt;
378                 (*cfunc)();
379                 if (need_summary) {
380                         summary();
381                 }
382         }
383 }
384
385 /*
386  * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output.  If necessary, the output file
387  * is truncated.
388  */
389 static void
390 dd_close(void)
391 {
392         if (cfunc == def)
393                 def_close();
394         else if (cfunc == block)
395                 block_close();
396         else if (cfunc == unblock)
397                 unblock_close();
398         if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
399                 if (ddflags & C_FILL)
400                         memset(out.dbp, fill_char, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
401                 else if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
402                         memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
403                 else
404                         memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
405                 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
406         }
407         if (out.dbcnt || pending)
408                 dd_out(1);
409 }
410
411 void
412 dd_out(int force)
413 {
414         u_char *outp;
415         size_t cnt, i, n;
416         ssize_t nw;
417         static int warned;
418         int sparse;
419
420         /*
421          * Write one or more blocks out.  The common case is writing a full
422          * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
423          * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes.  If a partial write,
424          * and it's a character device, just warn.  If a tape device, quit.
425          *
426          * The partial writes represent two cases.  1: Where the input block
427          * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
428          * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
429          * write the block in multiple chunks.  The original versions of dd(1)
430          * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
431          * never happened.
432          *
433          * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
434          * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
435          */
436         outp = out.db;
437         for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
438                 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
439                         sparse = 0;
440                         if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
441                                 sparse = 1;     /* Is buffer sparse? */
442                                 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
443                                         if (outp[i] != 0) {
444                                                 sparse = 0;
445                                                 break;
446                                         }
447                         }
448                         if (sparse && !force) {
449                                 pending += cnt;
450                                 nw = cnt;
451                         } else {
452                                 if (pending != 0) {
453                                         if (force)
454                                                 pending--;
455                                         if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
456                                             -1)
457                                                 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
458                                                     out.name);
459                                         if (force)
460                                                 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
461                                         pending = 0;
462                                 }
463                                 if (cnt)
464                                         nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
465                                 else
466                                         return;
467                         }
468
469                         if (nw <= 0) {
470                                 if (nw == 0)
471                                         errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
472                                 if (errno != EINTR)
473                                         err(1, "%s", out.name);
474                                 nw = 0;
475                         }
476                         outp += nw;
477                         st.bytes += nw;
478                         if ((size_t)nw == n) {
479                                 if (n != out.dbsz)
480                                         ++st.out_part;
481                                 else
482                                         ++st.out_full;
483                                 break;
484                         }
485                         ++st.out_part;
486                         if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
487                                 break;
488                         if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
489                                 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
490                                     out.name);
491                         if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
492                                 warned = 1;
493                                 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
494                                     out.name);
495                         }
496                 }
497                 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
498                         break;
499         }
500
501         /* Reassemble the output block. */
502         if (out.dbcnt)
503                 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
504         out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;
505 }