1 .\" Copyright (C) 2004-2009, 2011, 2013-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
2 .\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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27 .TH "NAMED" "8" "2014\-02\-20" "ISC" "BIND9"
28 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
29 .\" * Define some portability stuff
30 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
31 .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
32 .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
33 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
34 .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
37 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
38 .\" * set default formatting
39 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
40 .\" disable hyphenation
42 .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
44 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
45 .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
46 .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
48 named \- Internet domain name server
50 .HP \w'\fBnamed\fR\ 'u
51 \fBnamed\fR [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fR\fB\fIconfig\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fR\fB\fIdebug\-level\fR\fR] [\fB\-E\ \fR\fB\fIengine\-name\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-M\ \fR\fB\fIoption\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fR\fB\fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fR\fB\fI#cpus\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\fR] [\fB\-S\ \fR\fB\fI#max\-socks\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fR\fB\fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-U\ \fR\fB\fI#listeners\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fR\fB\fIuser\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-V\fR] [\fB\-x\ \fR\fB\fIcache\-file\fR\fR]
55 is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC\&. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035\&.
57 When invoked without arguments,
59 will read the default configuration file
60 /etc/named\&.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries\&.
65 Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6\&.
69 are mutually exclusive\&.
74 Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4\&.
78 are mutually exclusive\&.
81 \-c \fIconfig\-file\fR
85 as the configuration file instead of the default,
86 /etc/named\&.conf\&. To ensure that reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due to to a possible
88 option in the configuration file,
90 should be an absolute pathname\&.
93 \-d \fIdebug\-level\fR
95 Set the daemon\*(Aqs debug level to
96 \fIdebug\-level\fR\&. Debugging traces from
98 become more verbose as the debug level increases\&.
101 \-E \fIengine\-name\fR
103 Use a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations it supports, for instance re\-signing with private keys from a secure key store\&. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
105 defaults to pkcs11, the empty name resets it to no engine\&.
110 Run the server in the foreground (i\&.e\&. do not daemonize)\&.
115 Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to
121 Sets the default memory context options\&. Currently the only supported option is
122 \fIexternal\fR, which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed in favor of system\-provided memory allocation functions\&.
127 Turn on memory usage debugging flags\&. Possible flags are
132 \fImctx\fR\&. These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
140 worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs\&. If not specified,
142 will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU\&. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created\&.
147 Listen for queries on port
148 \fIport\fR\&. If not specified, the default is port 53\&.
153 Write memory usage statistics to
161 .nr an-no-space-flag 1
168 This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&.
173 \-S \fI#max\-socks\fR
185 .nr an-no-space-flag 1
192 This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority of users\&. The use of this option could even be harmful because the specified value may exceed the limitation of the underlying system API\&. It is therefore set only when the default configuration causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the operational environment is known to support the specified number of sockets\&. Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little fewer than the specified value because
194 reserves some file descriptors for its internal use\&.
203 after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file\&.
209 .nr an-no-space-flag 1
216 This option should be used in conjunction with the
218 option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn\*(Aqt enhance security on most systems; the way
220 is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail\&.
229 worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each address\&. If not specified,
231 will calculate a default value based on the number of detected CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU\&. This cannot be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs\&. If
233 has been set to a higher value than the number of detected CPUs, then
235 may be increased as high as that value, but no higher\&. On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1 and this option has no effect\&.
242 after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports\&.
248 .nr an-no-space-flag 1
257 uses the kernel\*(Aqs capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to
259 to a privileged port and set process resource limits\&. Unfortunately, this means that the
261 option only works when
263 is run on kernel 2\&.2\&.18 or later, or kernel 2\&.3\&.99\-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
271 Report the version number and exit\&.
276 Report the version number and build options, and exit\&.
279 \-x \fIcache\-file\fR
283 into the cache of the default view\&.
289 .nr an-no-space-flag 1
296 This option must not be used\&. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&.
302 In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver;
304 should be used instead\&.
308 Force a reload of the server\&.
313 Shut down the server\&.
316 The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined\&.
321 configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here\&. A complete description is provided in the
322 BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&.
327 (file creation mode mask) from the parent process\&. If files created by
328 \fBnamed\fR, such as journal files, need to have custom permissions, the
330 should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
337 The default configuration file\&.
340 /var/run/named/named\&.pid
342 The default process\-id file\&.
349 \fBnamed-checkconf\fR(8),
350 \fBnamed-checkzone\fR(8),
354 BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&.
357 \fBInternet Systems Consortium, Inc\&.\fR
360 Copyright \(co 2004-2009, 2011, 2013-2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
362 Copyright \(co 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.