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20
21 <refentry id="man.rndc">
22   <refentryinfo>
23     <date>December 04, 2013</date>
24   </refentryinfo>
25
26   <refmeta>
27     <refentrytitle><application>rndc</application></refentrytitle>
28     <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
29     <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
30   </refmeta>
31
32   <refnamediv>
33     <refname><application>rndc</application></refname>
34     <refpurpose>name server control utility</refpurpose>
35   </refnamediv>
36
37   <docinfo>
38     <copyright>
39       <year>2004</year>
40       <year>2005</year>
41       <year>2007</year>
42       <year>2013</year>
43       <year>2014</year>
44       <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
45     </copyright>
46     <copyright>
47       <year>2000</year>
48       <year>2001</year>
49       <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
50     </copyright>
51   </docinfo>
52
53   <refsynopsisdiv>
54     <cmdsynopsis>
55       <command>rndc</command>
56       <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">source-address</replaceable></option></arg>
57       <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
58       <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key-file</replaceable></option></arg>
59       <arg><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">server</replaceable></option></arg>
60       <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
61       <arg><option>-V</option></arg>
62       <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter">key_id</replaceable></option></arg>
63       <arg choice="req">command</arg>
64     </cmdsynopsis>
65   </refsynopsisdiv>
66
67   <refsect1>
68     <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
69     <para><command>rndc</command>
70       controls the operation of a name
71       server.  It supersedes the <command>ndc</command> utility
72       that was provided in old BIND releases.  If
73       <command>rndc</command> is invoked with no command line
74       options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the
75       supported commands and the available options and their
76       arguments.
77     </para>
78     <para><command>rndc</command>
79       communicates with the name server
80       over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with
81       digital signatures.  In the current versions of
82       <command>rndc</command> and <command>named</command>,
83       the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5,
84       which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection.
85       This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command
86       request and the name server's response.  All commands sent
87       over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the
88       server.
89     </para>
90     <para><command>rndc</command>
91       reads a configuration file to
92       determine how to contact the name server and decide what
93       algorithm and key it should use.
94     </para>
95   </refsect1>
96
97   <refsect1>
98     <title>OPTIONS</title>
99
100     <variablelist>
101       <varlistentry>
102         <term>-b <replaceable class="parameter">source-address</replaceable></term>
103         <listitem>
104           <para>
105             Use <replaceable class="parameter">source-address</replaceable>
106             as the source address for the connection to the server.
107             Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both
108             the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses.
109           </para>
110         </listitem>
111       </varlistentry>
112
113       <varlistentry>
114         <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
115         <listitem>
116           <para>
117             Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable>
118             as the configuration file instead of the default,
119             <filename>/etc/rndc.conf</filename>.
120           </para>
121         </listitem>
122       </varlistentry>
123
124       <varlistentry>
125         <term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key-file</replaceable></term>
126         <listitem>
127           <para>
128             Use <replaceable class="parameter">key-file</replaceable>
129             as the key file instead of the default,
130             <filename>/etc/rndc.key</filename>.  The key in
131             <filename>/etc/rndc.key</filename> will be used to
132             authenticate
133             commands sent to the server if the <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable>
134             does not exist.
135           </para>
136         </listitem>
137       </varlistentry>
138
139       <varlistentry>
140         <term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">server</replaceable></term>
141         <listitem>
142           <para><replaceable class="parameter">server</replaceable> is
143             the name or address of the server which matches a
144             server statement in the configuration file for
145             <command>rndc</command>.  If no server is supplied on the
146             command line, the host named by the default-server clause
147             in the options statement of the <command>rndc</command>
148             configuration file will be used.
149           </para>
150         </listitem>
151       </varlistentry>
152
153       <varlistentry>
154         <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
155         <listitem>
156           <para>
157             Send commands to TCP port
158             <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>
159             instead
160             of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953.
161           </para>
162         </listitem>
163       </varlistentry>
164
165       <varlistentry>
166         <term>-V</term>
167         <listitem>
168           <para>
169             Enable verbose logging.
170           </para>
171         </listitem>
172       </varlistentry>
173
174       <varlistentry>
175         <term>-y <replaceable class="parameter">key_id</replaceable></term>
176         <listitem>
177           <para>
178             Use the key <replaceable class="parameter">key_id</replaceable>
179             from the configuration file.
180             <replaceable class="parameter">key_id</replaceable>
181             must be
182             known by named with the same algorithm and secret string
183             in order for control message validation to succeed.
184             If no <replaceable class="parameter">key_id</replaceable>
185             is specified, <command>rndc</command> will first look
186             for a key clause in the server statement of the server
187             being used, or if no server statement is present for that
188             host, then the default-key clause of the options statement.
189             Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets
190             which are used to send authenticated control commands
191             to name servers.  It should therefore not have general read
192             or write access.
193           </para>
194         </listitem>
195       </varlistentry>
196
197     </variablelist>
198   </refsect1>
199
200   <refsect1>
201     <title>COMMANDS</title>
202     <para>
203       A list of commands supported by <command>rndc</command> can
204       be seen by running <command>rndc</command> without arguments.
205     </para>
206     <para>
207       Currently supported commands are:
208     </para>
209
210     <variablelist>
211       <varlistentry>
212         <term><userinput>reload</userinput></term>
213         <listitem>
214           <para>
215             Reload configuration file and zones.
216           </para>
217         </listitem>
218       </varlistentry>
219
220       <varlistentry>
221         <term><userinput>reload <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
222         <listitem>
223           <para>
224             Reload the given zone.
225           </para>
226         </listitem>
227       </varlistentry>
228
229       <varlistentry>
230         <term><userinput>refresh <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
231         <listitem>
232           <para>
233             Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
234           </para>
235         </listitem>
236       </varlistentry>
237
238       <varlistentry>
239         <term><userinput>retransfer <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
240         <listitem>
241           <para>
242             Retransfer the given slave zone from the master server.
243           </para>
244           <para>
245             If the zone is configured to use
246             <command>inline-signing</command>, the signed
247             version of the zone is discarded; after the
248             retransfer of the unsigned version is complete, the
249             signed version will be regenerated with all new
250             signatures.
251           </para>
252         </listitem>
253       </varlistentry>
254
255       <varlistentry>
256         <term><userinput>sign <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
257         <listitem>
258           <para>
259             Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
260             from the key directory (see the 
261             <command>key-directory</command> option in
262             the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual).  If they are within
263             their publication period, merge them into the
264             zone's DNSKEY RRset.  If the DNSKEY RRset
265             is changed, then the zone is automatically
266             re-signed with the new key set.
267           </para>
268           <para>
269             This command requires that the
270             <command>auto-dnssec</command> zone option be set
271             to <literal>allow</literal> or
272             <literal>maintain</literal>,
273             and also requires the zone to be configured to
274             allow dynamic DNS.
275             (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
276             Reference Manual for more details.)
277           </para>
278         </listitem>
279       </varlistentry>
280
281       <varlistentry>
282         <term><userinput>loadkeys <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
283         <listitem>
284           <para>
285             Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
286             from the key directory.  If they are within
287             their publication period, merge them into the
288             zone's DNSKEY RRset.  Unlike <command>rndc
289             sign</command>, however, the zone is not
290             immediately re-signed by the new keys, but is
291             allowed to incrementally re-sign over time.
292           </para>
293           <para>
294             This command requires that the
295             <command>auto-dnssec</command> zone option
296             be set to <literal>maintain</literal>,
297             and also requires the zone to be configured to
298             allow dynamic DNS.
299             (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
300             Reference Manual for more details.)
301           </para>
302         </listitem>
303       </varlistentry>
304
305       <varlistentry>
306         <term><userinput>freeze <optional><replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></optional></userinput></term>
307         <listitem>
308           <para>
309             Suspend updates to a dynamic zone.  If no zone is
310             specified, then all zones are suspended.  This allows
311             manual edits to be made to a zone normally updated by
312             dynamic update.  It also causes changes in the
313             journal file to be synced into the master file.
314             All dynamic update attempts will be refused while
315             the zone is frozen.
316           </para>
317         </listitem>
318       </varlistentry>
319
320       <varlistentry>
321         <term><userinput>thaw <optional><replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></optional></userinput></term>
322         <listitem>
323           <para>
324             Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone.  If no
325             zone is specified, then all frozen zones are
326             enabled.  This causes the server to reload the zone
327             from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates after the
328             load has completed.  After a zone is thawed,
329             dynamic updates will no longer be refused.  If
330             the zone has changed and the
331             <command>ixfr-from-differences</command> option is
332             in use, then the journal file will be updated to
333             reflect changes in the zone.  Otherwise, if the
334             zone has changed, any existing journal file will be
335             removed.
336           </para>
337         </listitem>
338       </varlistentry>
339
340       <varlistentry>
341         <term><userinput>sync <optional>-clean</optional> <optional><replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></optional></userinput></term>
342         <listitem>
343           <para>
344             Sync changes in the journal file for a dynamic zone
345             to the master file.  If the "-clean" option is
346             specified, the journal file is also removed.  If
347             no zone is specified, then all zones are synced.
348           </para>
349         </listitem>
350       </varlistentry>
351
352       <varlistentry>
353         <term><userinput>notify <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional></userinput></term>
354         <listitem>
355           <para>
356             Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
357           </para>
358         </listitem>
359       </varlistentry>
360
361       <varlistentry>
362         <term><userinput>reconfig</userinput></term>
363         <listitem>
364           <para>
365             Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
366             but do not reload existing zone files even if they
367             have changed.
368             This is faster than a full <command>reload</command> when there
369             is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
370             to examine the
371             modification times of the zones files.
372           </para>
373         </listitem>
374       </varlistentry>
375
376       <varlistentry>
377         <term><userinput>stats</userinput></term>
378         <listitem>
379           <para>
380             Write server statistics to the statistics file.
381           </para>
382         </listitem>
383       </varlistentry>
384
385       <varlistentry>
386         <term><userinput>querylog</userinput> <optional>on|off</optional> </term>
387         <listitem>
388           <para>
389             Enable or disable query logging.  (For backward
390             compatibility, this command can also be used without
391             an argument to toggle query logging on and off.)
392           </para>
393           <para>
394             Query logging can also be enabled
395             by explicitly directing the <command>queries</command>
396             <command>category</command> to a
397             <command>channel</command> in the
398             <command>logging</command> section of
399             <filename>named.conf</filename> or by specifying
400             <command>querylog yes;</command> in the
401             <command>options</command> section of
402             <filename>named.conf</filename>.
403           </para>
404         </listitem>
405       </varlistentry>
406
407       <varlistentry>
408         <term><userinput>dumpdb <optional>-all|-cache|-zone</optional> <optional><replaceable>view ...</replaceable></optional></userinput></term>
409         <listitem>
410           <para>
411             Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to
412             the
413             dump file for the specified views.  If no view is
414             specified, all
415             views are dumped.
416           </para>
417         </listitem>
418       </varlistentry>
419
420       <varlistentry>
421         <term><userinput>secroots <optional><replaceable>view ...</replaceable></optional></userinput></term>
422         <listitem>
423           <para>
424             Dump the server's security roots to the secroots
425             file for the specified views.  If no view is
426             specified, security roots for all
427             views are dumped.
428           </para>
429         </listitem>
430       </varlistentry>
431
432       <varlistentry>
433         <term><userinput>stop <optional>-p</optional></userinput></term>
434         <listitem>
435           <para>
436             Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
437             made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
438             the master files of the updated zones.
439             If <option>-p</option> is specified <command>named</command>'s process id is returned.
440             This allows an external process to determine when <command>named</command>
441             had completed stopping.
442           </para>
443         </listitem>
444       </varlistentry>
445
446       <varlistentry>
447         <term><userinput>halt <optional>-p</optional></userinput></term>
448         <listitem>
449           <para>
450             Stop the server immediately.  Recent changes
451             made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
452             the master files, but will be rolled forward from the
453             journal files when the server is restarted.
454             If <option>-p</option> is specified <command>named</command>'s process id is returned.
455             This allows an external process to determine when <command>named</command>
456             had completed halting.
457           </para>
458         </listitem>
459       </varlistentry>
460
461       <varlistentry>
462         <term><userinput>trace</userinput></term>
463         <listitem>
464           <para>
465             Increment the servers debugging level by one.
466           </para>
467         </listitem>
468       </varlistentry>
469
470       <varlistentry>
471         <term><userinput>trace <replaceable>level</replaceable></userinput></term>
472         <listitem>
473           <para>
474             Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
475             value.
476           </para>
477         </listitem>
478       </varlistentry>
479
480       <varlistentry>
481         <term><userinput>notrace</userinput></term>
482         <listitem>
483           <para>
484             Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
485           </para>
486         </listitem>
487       </varlistentry>
488
489       <varlistentry>
490         <term><userinput>flush</userinput></term>
491         <listitem>
492           <para>
493             Flushes the server's cache.
494           </para>
495         </listitem>
496       </varlistentry>
497
498       <varlistentry>
499         <term><userinput>flushname</userinput> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional> </term>
500         <listitem>
501           <para>
502             Flushes the given name from the server's DNS cache
503             and, if applicable, from the server's nameserver address
504             database or bad-server cache.
505           </para>
506         </listitem>
507       </varlistentry>
508
509       <varlistentry>
510         <term><userinput>flushtree</userinput> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional> </term>
511         <listitem>
512           <para>
513             Flushes the given name, and all of its subdomains,
514             from the server's DNS cache.  Note that this does
515             <emphasis>not</emphasis> affect he server's address
516             database or bad-server cache.
517           </para>
518         </listitem>
519       </varlistentry>
520
521       <varlistentry>
522         <term><userinput>status</userinput></term>
523         <listitem>
524           <para>
525             Display status of the server.
526             Note that the number of zones includes the internal <command>bind/CH</command> zone
527             and the default <command>./IN</command>
528             hint zone if there is not an
529             explicit root zone configured.
530           </para>
531         </listitem>
532       </varlistentry>
533
534       <varlistentry>
535         <term><userinput>recursing</userinput></term>
536         <listitem>
537           <para>
538             Dump the list of queries <command>named</command> is currently recursing
539             on.
540           </para>
541         </listitem>
542       </varlistentry>
543
544       <varlistentry>
545         <term><userinput>validation ( on | off | check ) <optional><replaceable>view ...</replaceable></optional> </userinput></term>
546         <listitem>
547           <para>
548             Enable, disable, or check the current status of
549             DNSSEC validation.
550             Note <command>dnssec-enable</command> also needs to be
551             set to <userinput>yes</userinput> or
552             <userinput>auto</userinput> to be effective.
553             It defaults to enabled.
554           </para>
555         </listitem>
556       </varlistentry>
557
558       <varlistentry>
559         <term><userinput>tsig-list</userinput></term>
560         <listitem>
561           <para>
562             List the names of all TSIG keys currently configured
563             for use by <command>named</command> in each view.  The
564             list both statically configured keys and dynamic
565             TKEY-negotiated keys.
566           </para>
567         </listitem>
568       </varlistentry>
569
570       <varlistentry>
571         <term><userinput>tsig-delete</userinput> <replaceable>keyname</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></term>
572         <listitem>
573           <para>
574             Delete a given TKEY-negotiated key from the server.
575             (This does not apply to statically configured TSIG
576             keys.)
577           </para>
578         </listitem>
579       </varlistentry>
580
581       <varlistentry>
582         <term><userinput>addzone <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional> <replaceable>configuration</replaceable> </userinput></term>
583         <listitem>
584           <para>
585             Add a zone while the server is running.  This
586             command requires the
587             <command>allow-new-zones</command> option to be set
588             to <userinput>yes</userinput>.  The
589             <replaceable>configuration</replaceable> string
590             specified on the command line is the zone
591             configuration text that would ordinarily be
592             placed in <filename>named.conf</filename>.
593           </para>
594           <para>
595             The configuration is saved in a file called
596            <filename><replaceable>hash</replaceable>.nzf</filename>,
597             where <replaceable>hash</replaceable> is a
598             cryptographic hash generated from the name of
599             the view.  When <command>named</command> is
600             restarted, the file will be loaded into the view
601             configuration, so that zones that were added
602             can persist after a restart.
603           </para>
604           <para>
605             This sample <command>addzone</command> command
606             would add the zone <literal>example.com</literal>
607             to the default view:
608           </para>
609           <para>
610 <prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>rndc addzone example.com '{ type master; file "example.com.db"; };'</userinput>
611           </para>
612           <para>
613             (Note the brackets and semi-colon around the zone
614             configuration text.)
615           </para>
616         </listitem>
617       </varlistentry>
618
619       <varlistentry>
620         <term><userinput>delzone <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional> </userinput></term>
621         <listitem>
622           <para>
623             Delete a zone while the server is running.
624             Only zones that were originally added via
625             <command>rndc addzone</command> can be deleted
626             in this manner. 
627           </para>
628         </listitem>
629       </varlistentry>
630
631       <varlistentry>
632         <term><userinput>signing <optional>( -list | -clear <replaceable>keyid/algorithm</replaceable> | -clear <literal>all</literal> | -nsec3param ( <replaceable>parameters</replaceable> | <literal>none</literal> ) ) </optional> <replaceable>zone</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>class</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>view</replaceable></optional></optional> </userinput></term>
633         <listitem>
634           <para>
635             List, edit, or remove the DNSSEC signing state records
636             for the specified zone.  The status of ongoing DNSSEC
637             operations (such as signing or generating
638             NSEC3 chains) is stored in the zone in the form
639             of DNS resource records of type
640             <command>sig-signing-type</command>. 
641             <command>rndc signing -list</command> converts
642             these records into a human-readable form,
643             indicating which keys are currently signing
644             or have finished signing the zone, and which NSEC3
645             chains are being created or removed.
646           </para>
647           <para>
648             <command>rndc signing -clear</command> can remove
649             a single key (specified in the same format that
650             <command>rndc signing -list</command> uses to
651             display it), or all keys.  In either case, only
652             completed keys are removed; any record indicating
653             that a key has not yet finished signing the zone
654             will be retained.
655           </para>
656           <para>
657             <command>rndc signing -nsec3param</command> sets
658             the NSEC3 parameters for a zone.  This is the
659             only supported mechanism for using NSEC3 with
660             <command>inline-signing</command> zones.
661             Parameters are specified in the same format as
662             an NSEC3PARAM resource record: hash algorithm,
663             flags, iterations, and salt, in that order.
664           </para>
665           <para>
666             Currently, the only defined value for hash algorithm 
667             is <literal>1</literal>, representing SHA-1.
668             The <option>flags</option> may be set to
669             <literal>0</literal> or <literal>1</literal>,
670             depending on whether you wish to set the opt-out
671             bit in the NSEC3 chain.  <option>iterations</option>
672             defines the number of additional times to apply
673             the algorithm when generating an NSEC3 hash.  The
674             <option>salt</option> is a string of data expressed
675             in hexadecimal, or a hyphen (`-') if no salt is
676             to be used.
677           </para>
678           <para>
679             So, for example, to create an NSEC3 chain using
680             the SHA-1 hash algorithm, no opt-out flag,
681             10 iterations, and a salt value of "FFFF", use:
682             <command>rndc signing -nsec3param 1 0 10 FFFF <replaceable>zone</replaceable></command>.
683             To set the opt-out flag, 15 iterations, and no
684             salt, use:
685             <command>rndc signing -nsec3param 1 1 15 - <replaceable>zone</replaceable></command>.
686           </para>
687           <para>
688             <command>rndc signing -nsec3param none</command>
689             removes an existing NSEC3 chain and replaces it
690             with NSEC.
691           </para>
692         </listitem>
693       </varlistentry>
694     </variablelist>
695   </refsect1>
696
697   <refsect1>
698     <title>LIMITATIONS</title>
699     <para>
700       There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a
701       <option>key_id</option> without using the configuration file.
702     </para>
703     <para>
704       Several error messages could be clearer.
705     </para>
706   </refsect1>
707
708   <refsect1>
709     <title>SEE ALSO</title>
710     <para><citerefentry>
711         <refentrytitle>rndc.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
712       </citerefentry>,
713       <citerefentry>
714         <refentrytitle>rndc-confgen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
715       </citerefentry>,
716       <citerefentry>
717         <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
718       </citerefentry>,
719       <citerefentry>
720         <refentrytitle>named.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
721       </citerefentry>,
722       <citerefentry>
723         <refentrytitle>ndc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
724       </citerefentry>,
725       <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
726     </para>
727   </refsect1>
728
729   <refsect1>
730     <title>AUTHOR</title>
731     <para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>
732     </para>
733   </refsect1>
734
735 </refentry><!--
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738  - End:
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