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41 <div class="refentry">
42 <a name="man.rndc"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
43 <div class="refnamediv">
45 <p><span class="application">rndc</span> — name server control utility</p>
47 <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
49 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></code>] {command}</p></div>
51 <div class="refsection">
52 <a name="id-1.14.21.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
53 <p><span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>
54 controls the operation of a name
55 server. It supersedes the <span class="command"><strong>ndc</strong></span> utility
56 that was provided in old BIND releases. If
57 <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> is invoked with no command line
58 options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the
59 supported commands and the available options and their
62 <p><span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>
63 communicates with the name server
64 over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with
65 digital signatures. In the current versions of
66 <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>,
67 the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5,
68 which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection.
69 This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command
70 request and the name server's response. All commands sent
71 over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the
74 <p><span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>
75 reads a configuration file to
76 determine how to contact the name server and decide what
77 algorithm and key it should use.
80 <div class="refsection">
81 <a name="id-1.14.21.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
82 <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
83 <dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em></span></dt>
85 Use <em class="replaceable"><code>source-address</code></em>
86 as the source address for the connection to the server.
87 Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both
88 the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses.
90 <dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
92 Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em>
93 as the configuration file instead of the default,
94 <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>.
96 <dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em></span></dt>
98 Use <em class="replaceable"><code>key-file</code></em>
99 as the key file instead of the default,
100 <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code>. The key in
101 <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code> will be used to
103 commands sent to the server if the <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em>
106 <dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em></span></dt>
107 <dd><p><em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em> is
108 the name or address of the server which matches a
109 server statement in the configuration file for
110 <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>. If no server is supplied on the
111 command line, the host named by the default-server clause
112 in the options statement of the <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span>
113 configuration file will be used.
115 <dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
117 Send commands to TCP port
118 <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>
120 of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953.
122 <dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
124 Enable verbose logging.
126 <dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em></span></dt>
128 Use the key <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
129 from the configuration file.
130 <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
132 known by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> with the same algorithm and secret string
133 in order for control message validation to succeed.
134 If no <em class="replaceable"><code>key_id</code></em>
135 is specified, <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> will first look
136 for a key clause in the server statement of the server
137 being used, or if no server statement is present for that
138 host, then the default-key clause of the options statement.
139 Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets
140 which are used to send authenticated control commands
141 to name servers. It should therefore not have general read
146 <div class="refsection">
147 <a name="id-1.14.21.9"></a><h2>COMMANDS</h2>
149 A list of commands supported by <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> can
150 be seen by running <span class="command"><strong>rndc</strong></span> without arguments.
153 Currently supported commands are:
155 <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
156 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>addzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> </code></strong></span></dt>
159 Add a zone while the server is running. This
161 <span class="command"><strong>allow-new-zones</strong></span> option to be set
162 to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong>. The
163 <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration</code></em> string
164 specified on the command line is the zone
165 configuration text that would ordinarily be
166 placed in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
169 The configuration is saved in a file called
170 <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>hash</code></em>.nzf</code>,
171 where <em class="replaceable"><code>hash</code></em> is a
172 cryptographic hash generated from the name of
173 the view. When <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is
174 restarted, the file will be loaded into the view
175 configuration, so that zones that were added
176 can persist after a restart.
179 This sample <span class="command"><strong>addzone</strong></span> command
180 would add the zone <code class="literal">example.com</code>
184 <code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>rndc addzone example.com '{ type master; file "example.com.db"; };'</code></strong>
187 (Note the brackets and semi-colon around the zone
191 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc delzone</strong></span>.
194 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>delzone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
197 Delete a zone while the server is running.
198 Only zones that were originally added via
199 <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span> can be deleted
203 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc addzone</strong></span>
206 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>dumpdb [<span class="optional">-all|-cache|-zone|-adb|-bad</span>] [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
208 Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to
210 dump file for the specified views. If no view is
213 (See the <span class="command"><strong>dump-file</strong></span> option in
214 the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.)
216 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flush</code></strong></span></dt>
218 Flushes the server's cache.
220 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushname</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>] </span></dt>
222 Flushes the given name from the view's DNS cache
223 and, if applicable, from the view's nameserver address
224 database or bad-server cache.
226 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushtree</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>] </span></dt>
228 Flushes the given name, and all of its subdomains,
229 from the view's DNS cache. Note that this does
230 <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> affect he server's address
231 database or bad-server cache.
233 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>freeze [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
236 Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is
237 specified, then all zones are suspended. This allows
238 manual edits to be made to a zone normally updated by
239 dynamic update. It also causes changes in the
240 journal file to be synced into the master file.
241 All dynamic update attempts will be refused while
245 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc thaw</strong></span>.
248 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>halt [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
251 Stop the server immediately. Recent changes
252 made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
253 the master files, but will be rolled forward from the
254 journal files when the server is restarted.
255 If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
256 This allows an external process to determine when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
257 had completed halting.
260 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc stop</strong></span>.
263 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>loadkeys <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
266 Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
267 from the key directory. If they are within
268 their publication period, merge them into the
269 zone's DNSKEY RRset. Unlike <span class="command"><strong>rndc
270 sign</strong></span>, however, the zone is not
271 immediately re-signed by the new keys, but is
272 allowed to incrementally re-sign over time.
275 This command requires that the
276 <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option
277 be set to <code class="literal">maintain</code>,
278 and also requires the zone to be configured to
280 (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
281 Reference Manual for more details.)
284 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notify <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
286 Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
288 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notrace</code></strong></span></dt>
291 Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
294 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc trace</strong></span>.
297 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>querylog</code></strong> [<span class="optional">on|off</span>] </span></dt>
300 Enable or disable query logging. (For backward
301 compatibility, this command can also be used without
302 an argument to toggle query logging on and off.)
305 Query logging can also be enabled
306 by explicitly directing the <span class="command"><strong>queries</strong></span>
307 <span class="command"><strong>category</strong></span> to a
308 <span class="command"><strong>channel</strong></span> in the
309 <span class="command"><strong>logging</strong></span> section of
310 <code class="filename">named.conf</code> or by specifying
311 <span class="command"><strong>querylog yes;</strong></span> in the
312 <span class="command"><strong>options</strong></span> section of
313 <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
316 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reconfig</code></strong></span></dt>
318 Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
319 but do not reload existing zone files even if they
321 This is faster than a full <span class="command"><strong>reload</strong></span> when there
322 is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
324 modification times of the zones files.
326 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>recursing</code></strong></span></dt>
328 Dump the list of queries <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> is currently
329 recursing on, and the list of domains to which iterative
330 queries are currently being sent. (The second list includes
331 the number of fetches currently active for the given domain,
332 and how many have been passed or dropped because of the
333 <code class="option">fetches-per-zone</code> option.)
335 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
337 Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
339 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload</code></strong></span></dt>
341 Reload configuration file and zones.
343 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
345 Reload the given zone.
347 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>retransfer <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
350 Retransfer the given slave zone from the master server.
353 If the zone is configured to use
354 <span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span>, the signed
355 version of the zone is discarded; after the
356 retransfer of the unsigned version is complete, the
357 signed version will be regenerated with all new
361 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>secroots [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
363 Dump the server's security roots to the secroots
364 file for the specified views. If no view is
365 specified, security roots for all
368 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>sign <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
371 Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone
372 from the key directory (see the
373 <span class="command"><strong>key-directory</strong></span> option in
374 the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual). If they are within
375 their publication period, merge them into the
376 zone's DNSKEY RRset. If the DNSKEY RRset
377 is changed, then the zone is automatically
378 re-signed with the new key set.
381 This command requires that the
382 <span class="command"><strong>auto-dnssec</strong></span> zone option be set
383 to <code class="literal">allow</code> or
384 <code class="literal">maintain</code>,
385 and also requires the zone to be configured to
387 (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
388 Reference Manual for more details.)
391 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc loadkeys</strong></span>.
394 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>signing [<span class="optional">( -list | -clear <em class="replaceable"><code>keyid/algorithm</code></em> | -clear <code class="literal">all</code> | -nsec3param ( <em class="replaceable"><code>parameters</code></em> | <code class="literal">none</code> ) ) </span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
397 List, edit, or remove the DNSSEC signing state records
398 for the specified zone. The status of ongoing DNSSEC
399 operations (such as signing or generating
400 NSEC3 chains) is stored in the zone in the form
401 of DNS resource records of type
402 <span class="command"><strong>sig-signing-type</strong></span>.
403 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -list</strong></span> converts
404 these records into a human-readable form,
405 indicating which keys are currently signing
406 or have finished signing the zone, and which NSEC3
407 chains are being created or removed.
410 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -clear</strong></span> can remove
411 a single key (specified in the same format that
412 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -list</strong></span> uses to
413 display it), or all keys. In either case, only
414 completed keys are removed; any record indicating
415 that a key has not yet finished signing the zone
419 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -nsec3param</strong></span> sets
420 the NSEC3 parameters for a zone. This is the
421 only supported mechanism for using NSEC3 with
422 <span class="command"><strong>inline-signing</strong></span> zones.
423 Parameters are specified in the same format as
424 an NSEC3PARAM resource record: hash algorithm,
425 flags, iterations, and salt, in that order.
428 Currently, the only defined value for hash algorithm
429 is <code class="literal">1</code>, representing SHA-1.
430 The <code class="option">flags</code> may be set to
431 <code class="literal">0</code> or <code class="literal">1</code>,
432 depending on whether you wish to set the opt-out
433 bit in the NSEC3 chain. <code class="option">iterations</code>
434 defines the number of additional times to apply
435 the algorithm when generating an NSEC3 hash. The
436 <code class="option">salt</code> is a string of data expressed
437 in hexadecimal, or a hyphen (`-') if no salt is
441 So, for example, to create an NSEC3 chain using
442 the SHA-1 hash algorithm, no opt-out flag,
443 10 iterations, and a salt value of "FFFF", use:
444 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -nsec3param 1 0 10 FFFF <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
445 To set the opt-out flag, 15 iterations, and no
447 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -nsec3param 1 1 15 - <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em></strong></span>.
450 <span class="command"><strong>rndc signing -nsec3param none</strong></span>
451 removes an existing NSEC3 chain and replaces it
455 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stats</code></strong></span></dt>
457 Write server statistics to the statistics file.
458 (See the <span class="command"><strong>statistics-file</strong></span> option in
459 the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.)
461 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>status</code></strong></span></dt>
463 Display status of the server.
464 Note that the number of zones includes the internal <span class="command"><strong>bind/CH</strong></span> zone
465 and the default <span class="command"><strong>./IN</strong></span>
466 hint zone if there is not an
467 explicit root zone configured.
469 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stop [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
472 Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
473 made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
474 the master files of the updated zones.
475 If <code class="option">-p</code> is specified <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>'s process id is returned.
476 This allows an external process to determine when <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>
477 had completed stopping.
479 <p>See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc halt</strong></span>.</p>
481 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>sync [<span class="optional">-clean</span>] [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
483 Sync changes in the journal file for a dynamic zone
484 to the master file. If the "-clean" option is
485 specified, the journal file is also removed. If
486 no zone is specified, then all zones are synced.
488 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>thaw [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
491 Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no
492 zone is specified, then all frozen zones are
493 enabled. This causes the server to reload the zone
494 from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates after the
495 load has completed. After a zone is thawed,
496 dynamic updates will no longer be refused. If
497 the zone has changed and the
498 <span class="command"><strong>ixfr-from-differences</strong></span> option is
499 in use, then the journal file will be updated to
500 reflect changes in the zone. Otherwise, if the
501 zone has changed, any existing journal file will be
504 <p>See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc freeze</strong></span>.</p>
506 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace</code></strong></span></dt>
508 Increment the servers debugging level by one.
510 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code></strong></span></dt>
513 Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
517 See also <span class="command"><strong>rndc notrace</strong></span>.
520 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>tsig-delete</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>keyname</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span></dt>
522 Delete a given TKEY-negotiated key from the server.
523 (This does not apply to statically configured TSIG
526 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>tsig-list</code></strong></span></dt>
528 List the names of all TSIG keys currently configured
529 for use by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> in each view. The
530 list both statically configured keys and dynamic
531 TKEY-negotiated keys.
533 <dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>validation ( on | off | check ) [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>] </code></strong></span></dt>
535 Enable, disable, or check the current status of
537 Note <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-enable</strong></span> also needs to be
538 set to <strong class="userinput"><code>yes</code></strong> or
539 <strong class="userinput"><code>auto</code></strong> to be effective.
540 It defaults to enabled.
544 <div class="refsection">
545 <a name="id-1.14.21.10"></a><h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
547 There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a
548 <code class="option">key_id</code> without using the configuration file.
551 Several error messages could be clearer.
554 <div class="refsection">
555 <a name="id-1.14.21.11"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
556 <p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc.conf</span>(5)</span>,
557 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
558 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
559 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
560 <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ndc</span>(8)</span>,
561 <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
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579 <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code>
584 <p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.9.9-P4 (Extended Support Version)</p>