1 MAKE(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual MAKE(1)
4 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be -- maintain program dependencies
6 S
\bSY
\bYN
\bNO
\bOP
\bPS
\bSI
\bIS
\bS
7 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [-
\b-B
\bBe
\bei
\bik
\bkN
\bNn
\bnq
\bqr
\brs
\bst
\btW
\bWw
\bwX
\bX] [-
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-d
\bd _
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs]
8 [-
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be] [-
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs]
9 [-
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by] [-
\b-T
\bT _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be] [-
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be] [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be]
10 [_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
12 D
\bDE
\bES
\bSC
\bCR
\bRI
\bIP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bN
13 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro-
14 grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which
15 programs and other files depend. If no -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be makefile option is
16 given, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will try to open `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' then `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' in order to find
17 the specifications. If the file `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd' exists, it is read (see
20 This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more
21 thorough description of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and makefiles, please refer to _
\bP_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be _
\b- _
\bA
22 _
\bT_
\bu_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bl.
24 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will prepend the contents of the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable to
25 the command line arguments before parsing them.
27 The options are as follows:
29 -
\b-B
\bB Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per
30 command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a
31 dependency line in sequence.
33 -
\b-C
\bC _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
34 Change to _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by before reading the makefiles or doing any-
35 thing else. If multiple -
\b-C
\bC options are specified, each is inter-
36 preted relative to the previous one: -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/ -
\b-C
\bC _
\be_
\bt_
\bc is equivalent to
37 -
\b-C
\bC _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc.
39 -
\b-D
\bD _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
40 Define _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to be 1, in the global context.
42 -
\b-d
\bd _
\b[_
\b-_
\b]_
\bf_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs
43 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be are to
44 print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by
45 `-' they are added to the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable and will
46 be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging
47 information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed
48 using the _
\bF debugging flag. The debugging output is always
49 unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging
50 output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out-
51 put is line buffered. _
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg_
\bs is one or more of the following:
53 _
\bA Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to
54 specifying all of the debugging flags.
56 _
\ba Print debugging information about archive searching and
59 _
\bC Print debugging information about current working direc-
62 _
\bc Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
64 _
\bd Print debugging information about directory searching and
67 _
\be Print debugging information about failed commands and
70 _
\bF[+
\b+]_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be
71 Specify where debugging output is written. This must be
72 the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the
73 argument. If the character immediately after the `F'
74 flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode;
75 otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name
76 is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be
77 written to the standard output or standard error output
78 file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no
79 effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the
80 named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is
83 _
\bf Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
85 _
\bg_
\b1 Print the input graph before making anything.
87 _
\bg_
\b2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before
90 _
\bg_
\b3 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
92 _
\bj Print debugging information about running multiple
95 _
\bl Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not
96 they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also
97 known as "loud" behavior.
99 _
\bM Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions
102 _
\bm Print debugging information about making targets, includ-
103 ing modification dates.
105 _
\bn Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when
106 running commands. These temporary scripts are created in
107 the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari-
108 able, or in _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty
109 string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3),
110 and have names of the form _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX_
\bX. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: This can
111 create many files in TMPDIR or _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp, so use with care.
113 _
\bp Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
115 _
\bs Print debugging information about suffix-transformation
118 _
\bt Print debugging information about target list mainte-
121 _
\bV Force the -
\b-V
\bV option to print raw values of variables.
123 _
\bv Print debugging information about variable assignment.
125 _
\bw Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and
128 _
\bx Run shell commands with -
\b-x
\bx so the actual commands are
129 printed as they are executed.
131 -
\b-e
\be Specify that environment variables override macro assignments
134 -
\b-f
\bf _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
135 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be'. If
136 _
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be is `-
\b-', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may
137 be specified, and are read in the order specified.
139 -
\b-I
\bI _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
140 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included
141 makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see
142 the -
\b-m
\bm option) is automatically included as part of this list.
144 -
\b-i
\bi Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva-
145 lent to specifying `-
\b-' before each command line in the makefile.
147 -
\b-J
\bJ _
\bp_
\br_
\bi_
\bv_
\ba_
\bt_
\be
148 This option should _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt be specified by the user.
150 When the _
\bj option is in use in a recursive build, this option is
151 passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes
152 in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
154 -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs
155 Specify the maximum number of jobs that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be may have running at
156 any one time. The value is saved in _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS. Turns compati-
157 bility mode off, unless the _
\bB flag is also specified. When com-
158 patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are
159 executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi-
160 tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional
161 scripts which change directories on each command invocation and
162 then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line.
163 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn
164 backwards compatibility on.
166 -
\b-k
\bk Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on
167 those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation
170 -
\b-m
\bm _
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\be_
\bc_
\bt_
\bo_
\br_
\by
171 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles
172 included via the <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be>-style include statement. The -
\b-m
\bm option
173 can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will
174 override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur-
175 thermore the system include path will be appended to the search
176 path used for "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be"-style include statements (see the -
\b-I
\bI
179 If a file or directory name in the -
\b-m
\bm argument (or the
180 MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../"
181 then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for the specified file or directory named
182 in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts
183 with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward
184 towards the root of the filesystem. If the search is successful,
185 then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specification in
186 the -
\b-m
\bm argument. If used, this feature allows b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be to easily
187 search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk files
188 (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument).
190 -
\b-n
\bn Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
191 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe-
192 cial source (see below).
194 -
\b-N
\bN Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
195 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level
196 makefiles without descending into subdirectories.
198 -
\b-q
\bq Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets
199 are up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
201 -
\b-r
\br Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
203 -
\b-s
\bs Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to
204 specifying `@
\b@' before each command line in the makefile.
206 -
\b-T
\bT _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
207 When used with the -
\b-j
\bj flag, append a trace record to _
\bt_
\br_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be
208 for each job started and completed.
210 -
\b-t
\bt Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile,
211 create it or update its modification time to make it appear up-
214 -
\b-V
\bV _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
215 Print b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's idea of the value of _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be, in the global con-
216 text. Do not build any targets. Multiple instances of this
217 option may be specified; the variables will be printed one per
218 line, with a blank line for each null or undefined variable. If
219 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be contains a `$' then the value will be expanded before
222 -
\b-W
\bW Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
224 -
\b-X
\bX Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ-
225 ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are
226 still exported via the _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bL_
\bA_
\bG_
\bS environment variable. This
227 option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
228 size of command arguments.
230 _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be
231 Set the value of the variable _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be to _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be. Normally, all
232 values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes
233 in the environment. The -
\b-X
\bX flag disables this behavior. Vari-
234 able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
235 but no ordering is enforced.
237 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
238 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
239 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
241 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
242 them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial
243 whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space.
245 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bE D
\bDE
\bEP
\bPE
\bEN
\bND
\bDE
\bEN
\bNC
\bCY
\bY S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIF
\bFI
\bIC
\bCA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNS
\bS
246 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or
247 more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend''
248 on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship
249 between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep-
250 arates them. The three operators are as follows:
252 :
\b: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less
253 than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate
254 over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is
255 removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
257 !
\b! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
258 examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu-
259 late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target
260 is removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
262 :
\b::
\b: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth-
263 erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources
264 has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a
265 target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
266 is used. The target will not be removed if b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted.
268 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]',
269 and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the
270 final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe
271 existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe
272 existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as
275 S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bMA
\bAN
\bND
\bDS
\bS
276 Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, nor-
277 mally used to create the target. Each of the commands in this script
278 _
\bm_
\bu_
\bs_
\bt be preceded by a tab. While any target may appear on a dependency
279 line, only one of these dependencies may be followed by a creation
280 script, unless the `:
\b::
\b:' operator is used.
282 If the first characters of the command line are any combination of `@
\b@',
283 `+
\b+', or `-
\b-', the command is treated specially. A `@
\b@' causes the command
284 not to be echoed before it is executed. A `+
\b+' causes the command to be
285 executed even when -
\b-n
\bn is given. This is similar to the effect of the
286 .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a single
287 line of a script. A `-
\b-' causes any non-zero exit status of the command
290 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run in jobs mode with -
\b-j
\bj _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\b__
\bj_
\bo_
\bb_
\bs, the entire script for
291 the target is fed to a single instance of the shell.
293 In compatibility (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate
294 process. If the command contains any shell meta characters
295 (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it will be passed to the shell, otherwise
296 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will attempt direct execution.
298 Since b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' before executing any targets, each
299 child process starts with that as its current working directory.
301 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be operation does not
302 change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use
303 ``cd'' or ``chdir'', without side-effect should be put in parenthesis:
306 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
307 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`
308 @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@)
311 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
312 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \
313 (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@); \
316 V
\bVA
\bAR
\bRI
\bIA
\bAB
\bBL
\bLE
\bE A
\bAS
\bSS
\bSI
\bIG
\bGN
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
317 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi-
318 tion, consist of all upper-case letters.
320 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be a
\bas
\bss
\bsi
\big
\bgn
\bnm
\bme
\ben
\bnt
\bt m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
321 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
324 =
\b= Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid-
327 +
\b+=
\b= Append the value to the current value of the variable.
329 ?
\b?=
\b= Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
331 :
\b:=
\b= Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
332 to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari-
333 able is referenced. _
\bN_
\bO_
\bT_
\bE: References to undefined variables are
334 _
\bn_
\bo_
\bt expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers
337 !
\b!=
\b= Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and
338 assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result
339 are replaced with spaces.
341 Any white-space before the assigned _
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be is removed; if the value is
342 being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents
343 of the variable and the appended value.
345 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly
346 braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign
347 (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround-
348 ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not
351 If the variable name contains a dollar, then the name itself is expanded
352 first. This allows almost arbitrary variable names, however names con-
353 taining dollar, braces, parenthesis, or whitespace are really best
356 If the result of expanding a variable contains a dollar sign (`$') the
357 string is expanded again.
359 Variable substitution occurs at three distinct times, depending on where
360 the variable is being used.
362 1. Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
364 2. Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
367 3. ``.for'' loop index variables are expanded on each loop iteration.
368 Note that other variables are not expanded inside loops so the fol-
387 Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed,
388 ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since
389 after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''.
391 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be c
\bcl
\bla
\bas
\bss
\bse
\bes
\bs
392 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece-
395 Environment variables
396 Variables defined as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's environment.
399 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
401 Command line variables
402 Variables defined as part of the command line.
405 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target. The
406 seven local variables are as follows:
408 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC The list of all sources for this target; also known as
411 _
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE The name of the archive file.
413 _
\b._
\bI_
\bM_
\bP_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the
414 source from which the target is to be transformed (the
415 ``implied'' source); also known as `_
\b<'. It is not
416 defined in explicit rules.
418 _
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR The name of the archive member.
420 _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE The list of sources for this target that were deemed
421 out-of-date; also known as `_
\b?'.
423 _
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX The file prefix of the target, containing only the file
424 portion, no suffix or preceding directory components;
425 also known as `_
\b*'.
427 _
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT The name of the target; also known as `_
\b@'.
429 The shorter forms `_
\b@', `_
\b?', `_
\b<', `_
\b>', and `_
\b*' are permitted for
430 backward compatibility with historical makefiles and are not rec-
431 ommended. The six variables `_
\b@_
\bF', `_
\b@_
\bD', `_
\b<_
\bF', `_
\b<_
\bD', `_
\b*_
\bF', and
432 `_
\b*_
\bD' are permitted for compatibility with AT&T System V UNIX
433 makefiles and are not recommended.
435 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency
436 lines because they expand to the proper value for each target on
437 the line. These variables are `_
\b._
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT', `_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX', `_
\b._
\bA_
\bR_
\bC_
\bH_
\bI_
\bV_
\bE',
438 and `_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bM_
\bB_
\bE_
\bR'.
440 A
\bAd
\bdd
\bdi
\bit
\bti
\bio
\bon
\bna
\bal
\bl b
\bbu
\bui
\bil
\blt
\bt-
\b-i
\bin
\bn v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs
441 In addition, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets or knows about the following variables:
443 _
\b$ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single
446 _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bT_
\bA_
\bR_
\bG_
\bE_
\bT_
\bS The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If
447 evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar-
448 gets encountered thus far.
450 _
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed. Refer
451 to the description of `PWD' for more details.
453 MAKE The name that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was executed with (_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\bv_
\b[_
\b0_
\b]). For
454 compatibility b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be also sets _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE with the same value.
455 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
456 MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of
457 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and cannot be confused with the special target with
460 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bD_
\bE_
\bP_
\bE_
\bN_
\bD_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE
461 Names the makefile (default `_
\b._
\bd_
\be_
\bp_
\be_
\bn_
\bd') from which gener-
462 ated dependencies are read.
464 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bA_
\bN_
\bD_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\bI_
\bA_
\bB_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
465 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the -
\b-V
\bV
468 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD The list of variables exported by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
470 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\bS The argument to the -
\b-j
\bj option.
472 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
473 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is run with _
\bj then output for each target is
474 prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of
475 which can be controlled via _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX. If
476 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bJ_
\bO_
\bB_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX is empty, no token is printed.
478 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
479 would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak-
480 ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being
483 MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything
484 that may be specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line. Anything
485 specified on b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line is appended to the
486 `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi-
487 ronment for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
489 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL The recursion depth of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The initial instance of
490 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the
491 environment to be seen by the next generation. This
492 allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect
493 things which should only be evaluated in the initial
494 instance of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
496 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bE_
\bR_
\bE_
\bN_
\bC_
\bE
497 The ordered list of makefile names (default `_
\bm_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be',
498 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be') that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will look for.
500 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
501 The list of makefiles read by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, which is useful for
502 tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only
503 once, regardless of the number of times read.
505 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bO_
\bD_
\bE Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the
506 mode that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be runs in. It can contain a number of key-
509 _
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt Like -
\b-B
\bB, puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "compat" mode.
511 _
\bm_
\be_
\bt_
\ba Puts b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be into "meta" mode, where meta files
512 are created for each target to capture the
513 command run, the output generated and if
514 filemon(4) is available, the system calls
515 which are of interest to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. The captured
516 output can be very useful when diagnosing
519 _
\bc_
\bu_
\br_
\bd_
\bi_
\br_
\bO_
\bk_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will not create .meta files
520 in `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'. This can be overridden by set-
521 ting _
\bb_
\bf to a value which represents True.
523 _
\be_
\bn_
\bv For debugging, it can be useful to inlcude
524 the environment in the .meta file.
526 _
\bv_
\be_
\br_
\bb_
\bo_
\bs_
\be If in "meta" mode, print a clue about the
527 target being built. This is useful if the
528 build is otherwise running silently. The
529 message printed the value of:
530 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX.
532 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be_
\b-_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd Some makefiles have commands which are simply
533 not stable. This keyword causes them to be
534 ignored for determining whether a target is
535 out of date in "meta" mode. See also
536 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP.
538 _
\bs_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bn_
\bt_
\b= _
\bb_
\bf If _
\bb_
\bf is True, when a .meta file is created,
539 mark the target .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT.
541 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bB_
\bA_
\bI_
\bL_
\bI_
\bW_
\bI_
\bC_
\bK
542 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match
543 the directories controlled by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If a file that was
544 generated outside of _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR but within said bailiwick is
545 missing, the current target is considered out-of-date.
547 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bC_
\bR_
\bE_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD
548 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
549 meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to
550 trigger processing of _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS.
552 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bS
553 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
554 meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used
555 to process the meta files to extract dependency informa-
558 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bI_
\bG_
\bN_
\bO_
\bR_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH_
\bS
559 Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored;
560 because the contents are expected to change over time.
561 The default list includes: `_
\b/_
\bd_
\be_
\bv _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc _
\b/_
\bp_
\br_
\bo_
\bc _
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp _
\b/_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\b/_
\br_
\bu_
\bn
562 _
\b/_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\b/_
\bt_
\bm_
\bp'
564 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bM_
\bE_
\bT_
\bA_
\b._
\bP_
\bR_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bX
565 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in
566 "meta verbose" mode. The default value is:
567 Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
569 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS This variable is used to record the names of variables
570 assigned to on the command line, so that they may be
571 exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behaviour can be
572 disabled by assigning an empty value to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'
573 within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from
574 a makefile by appending their names to `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS'.
575 `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `_
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\bO_
\bV_
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bI_
\bD_
\bE_
\bS' is
578 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH_
\b__
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE_
\bM_
\bO_
\bN
579 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be was built with filemon(4) support, this is set
580 to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to
581 test for this support.
583 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
585 _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bP_
\bP_
\bI_
\bD The parent process-id of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
587 _
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR
588 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be stops due to an error, it prints its name and
589 the value of `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' as well as the value of any vari-
590 ables named in `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR'.
592 _
\b._
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be This variable is simply assigned a newline character as
593 its value. This allows expansions using the :
\b:@
\b@ modifier
594 to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather
595 than a space. For example, the printing of
596 `_
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b__
\bP_
\bR_
\bI_
\bN_
\bT_
\b__
\bV_
\bA_
\bR_
\b__
\bO_
\bN_
\b__
\bE_
\bR_
\bR_
\bO_
\bR' could be done as
597 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
599 _
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its
600 value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow-
601 ing directories in order and using the first match:
603 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
605 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ-
606 ment or on the command line.)
610 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or
611 on the command line.)
613 3. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b.${MACHINE}
615 4. ${.CURDIR}_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj
617 5. _
\b/_
\bu_
\bs_
\br_
\b/_
\bo_
\bb_
\bj_
\b/${.CURDIR}
621 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's
622 used, so expressions such as
623 ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
624 may be used. This is especially useful with
627 `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' may be modified in the makefile as a global
628 variable. In all cases, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will chdir(2) to `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR'
629 and set `PWD' to that directory before executing any tar-
632 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR A path to the directory of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being
635 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bF_
\bI_
\bL_
\bE The basename of the current `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be' being parsed.
636 This variable and `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bR_
\bS_
\bE_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' are both set only while the
637 `_
\bM_
\ba_
\bk_
\be_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be_
\bs' are being parsed. If you want to retain
638 their current values, assign them to a variable using
639 assignment with expansion: (`:
\b:=
\b=').
641 _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH A variable that represents the list of directories that
642 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will search for files. The search list should be
643 updated using the target `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH' rather than the vari-
646 PWD Alternate path to the current directory. b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be normally
647 sets `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3).
648 However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and
649 gives a path to the current directory, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be sets
650 `_
\b._
\bC_
\bU_
\bR_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behaviour
651 is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR'
652 contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value
653 of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for all programs which b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be executes.
655 .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command
658 VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be
659 will search for files. The variable is supported for
660 compatibility with old make programs only, use `_
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH'
663 V
\bVa
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be m
\bmo
\bod
\bdi
\bif
\bfi
\bie
\ber
\brs
\bs
664 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
665 variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac-
666 ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
668 ${variable[:modifier[:...]]}
670 Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash
673 A set of modifiers can be specified via a variable, as follows:
675 modifier_variable=modifier[:...]
676 ${variable:${modifier_variable}[:...]}
678 In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start
679 with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any
680 of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'),
681 these must be doubled to avoid early expansion.
683 The supported modifiers are:
685 :
\b:E
\bE Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
687 :
\b:H
\bH Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com-
690 :
\b:M
\bM_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
691 Select only those words that match _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn. The standard shell
692 wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard
693 characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\').
695 :
\b:N
\bN_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
696 This is identical to `:
\b:M
\bM', but selects all words which do not match
697 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn.
699 :
\b:O
\bO Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in
700 reverse order use the `:
\b:O
\bO:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' combination of modifiers.
702 :
\b:O
\bOx
\bx Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each
703 time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment
704 with expansion (`:
\b:=
\b=') to prevent such behaviour. For example,
706 LIST= uno due tre quattro
707 RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox}
708 STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox}
711 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
712 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
713 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
714 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
715 may produce output similar to:
722 :
\b:Q
\bQ Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be
723 passed safely through recursive invocations of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be.
725 :
\b:R
\bR Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
727 :
\b:g
\bgm
\bmt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
728 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
732 Compute a 32bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits.
734 :
\b:l
\blo
\boc
\bca
\bal
\blt
\bti
\bim
\bme
\be
735 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using the current
738 :
\b:t
\btA
\bA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3),
739 if that fails, the value is unchanged.
741 :
\b:t
\btl
\bl Converts variable to lower-case letters.
744 Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan-
745 sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character _
\bc. If _
\bc is
746 omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including
747 octal numeric codes), work as expected.
749 :
\b:t
\btu
\bu Converts variable to upper-case letters.
751 :
\b:t
\btW
\bW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing
752 embedded white space). See also `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
754 :
\b:t
\btw
\bw Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by
755 white space. See also `:
\b:[
\b[@
\b@]
\b]'.
757 :
\b:S
\bS/_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
758 Modify the first occurrence of _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg in the variable's value,
759 replacing it with _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. If a `g' is appended to the last
760 slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If
761 a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first
762 word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the
763 pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con-
764 taining embedded white space). If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg begins with a caret
765 (`^'), _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg is anchored at the beginning of each word. If
766 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end
767 of each word. Inside _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by
768 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a
769 delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring,
770 ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash
773 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
774 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
775 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
776 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
778 :
\b:C
\bC/_
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn/_
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt/[1
\b1g
\bgW
\bW]
779 The :
\b:C
\bC modifier is just like the :
\b:S
\bS modifier except that the old and
780 new strings, instead of being simple strings, are a regular expres-
781 sion (see regex(3)) string _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn and an ed(1)-style string
782 _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn
783 in each word of the value is substituted with _
\br_
\be_
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bc_
\be_
\bm_
\be_
\bn_
\bt. The `1'
784 modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
785 `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances
786 of the search pattern _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bt_
\be_
\br_
\bn as occur in the word or words it is
787 found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be treated as a sin-
788 gle word (possibly containing embedded white space). Note that `1'
789 and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words
790 are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions
791 can potentially occur within each affected word.
793 :
\b:T
\bT Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
795 :
\b:u
\bu Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)).
797 :
\b:?
\b?_
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg:
\b:_
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
798 If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi-
799 tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the
800 _
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, otherwise return the _
\bf_
\ba_
\bl_
\bs_
\be_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. Since the variable
801 name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after
802 the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain
803 variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions
805 ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no}
806 which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words
807 match "42" you need to use something like:
808 ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}.
810 _
\b:_
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b=_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
811 This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must
812 be the last modifier specified. If _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg or _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg do not
813 contain the pattern matching character _
\b% then it is assumed that
814 they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or
815 entire words may be replaced. Otherwise _
\b% is the substring of
816 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg to be replaced in _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg.
818 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
819 _
\bo_
\bl_
\bd_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg and _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\b__
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg with the single exception that a backslash
820 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
821 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
823 :
\b:@
\b@_
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp@
\b@_
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg@
\b@
824 This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi-
825 ronment (ODE) make. Unlike .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br loops expansion occurs at the time
826 of reference. Assign _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp to each word in the variable and evaluate
827 _
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg. The ODE convention is that _
\bt_
\be_
\bm_
\bp should start and end with a
829 ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
831 However a single character variable is often more readable:
832 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}
834 :
\b:U
\bU_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
835 If the variable is undefined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value. If the variable
836 is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE
837 make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for
839 ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
840 If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
843 :
\b:D
\bD_
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl
844 If the variable is defined _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl is the value.
846 :
\b:L
\bL The name of the variable is the value.
848 :
\b:P
\bP The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the
849 value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of
850 the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name
851 (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency.
853 :
\b:!
\b!_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd!
\b!
854 The output of running _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd is the value.
856 :
\b:s
\bsh
\bh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
857 becomes the new value.
859 :
\b::
\b:=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
860 The variable is assigned the value _
\bs_
\bt_
\br after substitution. This
861 modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as
862 wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed.
863 These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing
864 in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to
865 keep b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be happy.
867 The `:
\b::
\b:' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style
868 :
\b:=
\b= modifier and since substitution always occurs the :
\b::
\b:=
\b= form is
871 :
\b::
\b:?
\b?=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
872 As for :
\b::
\b:=
\b= but only if the variable does not already have a value.
874 :
\b::
\b:+
\b+=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br
875 Append _
\bs_
\bt_
\br to the variable.
877 :
\b::
\b:!
\b!=
\b=_
\bc_
\bm_
\bd
878 Assign the output of _
\bc_
\bm_
\bd to the variable.
880 :
\b:[
\b[_
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be]
\b]
881 Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera-
882 tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words.
884 Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by
885 white space. Some modifiers suppress this behaviour, causing a
886 value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded
887 white space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of
888 white-space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the
889 `:
\b:[
\b[]
\b]' modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive
890 integers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards
891 using negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word).
893 The _
\br_
\ba_
\bn_
\bg_
\be is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded
894 result is then interpreted as follows:
896 _
\bi_
\bn_
\bd_
\be_
\bx Selects a single word from the value.
898 _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt.
\b..
\b._
\be_
\bn_
\bd
899 Selects all words from _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt to _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, inclusive. For example,
900 `:
\b:[
\b[2
\b2.
\b..
\b.-
\b-1
\b1]
\b]' selects all words from the second word to the last
901 word. If _
\bs_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bt is greater than _
\be_
\bn_
\bd, then the words are out-
902 put in reverse order. For example, `:
\b:[
\b[-
\b-1
\b1.
\b..
\b.1
\b1]
\b]' selects all
903 the words from last to first.
905 *
\b* Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single
906 word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous
907 to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell.
909 0 Means the same as `:
\b:[
\b[*
\b*]
\b]'.
911 @
\b@ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence
912 of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect
913 of "$@" in Bourne shell.
915 #
\b# Returns the number of words in the value.
917 I
\bIN
\bNC
\bCL
\bLU
\bUD
\bDE
\bE S
\bST
\bTA
\bAT
\bTE
\bEM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS,
\b, C
\bCO
\bON
\bND
\bDI
\bIT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bLS
\bS A
\bAN
\bND
\bD F
\bFO
\bOR
\bR L
\bLO
\bOO
\bOP
\bPS
\bS
918 Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of
919 the C programming language are provided in b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. All such structures
920 are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character.
921 Files are included with either .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be <_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be> or .
\b.i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be "_
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\be". Vari-
922 ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form
923 the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is
924 expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are
925 used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified
926 using the -
\b-I
\bI option are searched before the system makefile directory.
927 For compatibility with other versions of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be `include file ...' is also
928 accepted. If the include statement is written as .
\b.-
\b-i
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be or as
929 .
\b.s
\bsi
\bin
\bnc
\bcl
\blu
\bud
\bde
\be then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
931 Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
932 character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows:
934 .
\b.e
\ber
\brr
\bro
\bor
\br _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
935 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
936 line number, then b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will exit.
938 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
939 Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is
940 provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables
941 (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the -
\b-X
\bX
942 flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with
943 other b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be programs `export variable=value' is also accepted.
945 Appending a variable name to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD is equivalent to
946 exporting a variable.
948 .
\b.e
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
949 The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended
950 to _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. This allows exporting a value to the environ-
951 ment which is different from that used by b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be internally.
953 .
\b.i
\bin
\bnf
\bfo
\bo _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
954 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
957 .
\b.u
\bun
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be
958 Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables
961 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.
962 The opposite of `.export'. The specified global _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be will be
963 removed from _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD. If no variable list is provided,
964 all globals are unexported, and _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bE_
\bX_
\bP_
\bO_
\bR_
\bT_
\bE_
\bD deleted.
966 .
\b.u
\bun
\bne
\bex
\bxp
\bpo
\bor
\brt
\bt-
\b-e
\ben
\bnv
\bv
967 Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ-
968 ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem-
969 ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar-
970 ingly. Testing for _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bK_
\bE_
\b._
\bL_
\bE_
\bV_
\bE_
\bL being 0, would make sense. Also
971 note that any variables which originated in the parent environ-
972 ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example:
974 .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
980 Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is
981 the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also
982 be pushed into the new environment.
984 .
\b.w
\bwa
\bar
\brn
\bni
\bin
\bng
\bg _
\bm_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\ba_
\bg_
\be
985 The message prefixed by `_
\bw_
\ba_
\br_
\bn_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg_
\b:' is printed along with the name
986 of the makefile and line number.
988 .
\b.i
\bif
\bf [!]_
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
989 Test the value of an expression.
991 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
992 Test the value of a variable.
994 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
995 Test the value of a variable.
997 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
998 Test the target being built.
1000 .
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!] _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1001 Test the target being built.
1003 .
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
1005 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bf [!] _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1006 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'.
1008 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1009 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1011 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf [!]_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1012 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf'.
1014 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1015 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1017 .
\b.e
\bel
\bli
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be [!]_
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt [_
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br _
\bt_
\ba_
\br_
\bg_
\be_
\bt _
\b._
\b._
\b.]
1018 A combination of `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' followed by `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be'.
1020 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf End the body of the conditional.
1022 The _
\bo_
\bp_
\be_
\br_
\ba_
\bt_
\bo_
\br may be any one of the following:
1024 |
\b||
\b| Logical OR.
1026 &
\b&&
\b& Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''.
1028 As in C, b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to
1029 determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of
1030 evaluation. The boolean operator `!
\b!' may be used to logically negate an
1031 entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&
\b&&
\b&'.
1033 The value of _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may be any of the following:
1035 d
\bde
\bef
\bfi
\bin
\bne
\bed
\bd Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if
1036 the variable has been defined.
1038 m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1039 target was specified as part of b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's command line or was
1040 declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly,
1041 see _
\b._
\bM_
\bA_
\bI_
\bN) before the line containing the conditional.
1043 e
\bem
\bmp
\bpt
\bty
\by Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true
1044 if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty
1047 e
\bex
\bxi
\bis
\bst
\bts
\bs Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1048 file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path
1049 (see _
\b._
\bP_
\bA_
\bT_
\bH).
1051 t
\bta
\bar
\brg
\bge
\bet
\bt Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1052 target has been defined.
1054 c
\bco
\bom
\bmm
\bma
\ban
\bnd
\bds
\bs
1055 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1056 target has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1058 _
\bE_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable
1059 expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the
1060 integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if
1061 it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup-
1062 ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
1063 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `=
\b==
\b=' or `!
\b!=
\b='
1064 operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed
1065 between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it
1066 is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an
1067 empty string in the case of a string comparison.
1069 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it
1070 encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either
1071 the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the
1072 form of the conditional. If the form is `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfd
\bde
\bef
\bf', `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnd
\bde
\bef
\bf', or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bf'
1073 the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is
1074 `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be' or `.
\b.i
\bif
\bfn
\bnm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be, t
\bth
\bhe
\be' ``make'' expression is applied.
1076 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin-
1077 ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are
1078 skipped. In both cases this continues until a `.
\b.e
\bel
\bls
\bse
\be' or `.
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdi
\bif
\bf' is
1081 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1082 The syntax of a for loop is:
1084 .
\b.f
\bfo
\bor
\br _
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be [_
\bv_
\ba_
\br_
\bi_
\ba_
\bb_
\bl_
\be _
\b._
\b._
\b.] i
\bin
\bn _
\be_
\bx_
\bp_
\br_
\be_
\bs_
\bs_
\bi_
\bo_
\bn
1086 .
\b.e
\ben
\bnd
\bdf
\bfo
\bor
\br
1088 After the for e
\bex
\bxp
\bpr
\bre
\bes
\bss
\bsi
\bio
\bon
\bn is evaluated, it is split into words. On each
1089 iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\be,
1090 in order, and these v
\bva
\bar
\bri
\bia
\bab
\bbl
\ble
\bes
\bs are substituted into the m
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be-
\b-r
\bru
\bul
\ble
\bes
\bs inside
1091 the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that
1092 is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided
1093 must be a multiple of three.
1095 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bTS
\bS
1096 Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com-
1097 mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line.
1099 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL S
\bSO
\bOU
\bUR
\bRC
\bCE
\bES
\bS (
\b(A
\bAT
\bTT
\bTR
\bRI
\bIB
\bBU
\bUT
\bTE
\bES
\bS)
\b)
1100 .
\b.E
\bEX
\bXE
\bEC
\bC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any-
1103 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar-
1104 get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-').
1106 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAD
\bDE
\bE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1108 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the -
\b-n
\bn
1109 or -
\b-t
\bt options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive
1110 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's.
1112 .
\b.M
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as
1113 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL. Usage in conjunction with .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE is
1114 the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of-
1115 date if the meta file is missing.
1117 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also
1118 not created for .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY, .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE, or .
\b.S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL targets.
1120 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOM
\bME
\bET
\bTA
\bA_
\b_C
\bCM
\bMP
\bP
1121 Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out
1122 of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which
1123 always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the
1124 target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to
1125 any command line that uses the variable _
\b._
\bO_
\bO_
\bD_
\bA_
\bT_
\bE, which can be
1126 used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or
1130 skip-compare-for-some:
1131 @echo this will be compared
1132 @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP}
1133 @echo this will also be compared
1135 The :
\b:M
\bM pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari-
1138 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by
1139 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH.
1141 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTM
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN Normally b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be selects the first target it encounters as the
1142 default target to be built if no target was specified. This
1143 source prevents this target from being selected.
1145 .
\b.O
\bOP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bNA
\bAL
\bL
1146 If a target is marked with this attribute and b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't fig-
1147 ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1148 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1150 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always
1151 considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the
1152 -
\b-t
\bt option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to
1153 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY targets.
1155 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1156 When b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, it normally removes any partially
1157 made targets. This source prevents the target from being
1160 .
\b.R
\bRE
\bEC
\bCU
\bUR
\bRS
\bSI
\bIV
\bVE
\bE
1161 Synonym for .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE.
1163 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target,
1164 exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@').
1166 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE Turn the target into b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be's version of a macro. When the tar-
1167 get is used as a source for another target, the other target
1168 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1169 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the
1170 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE target's commands are appended to them.
1172 .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE
1173 Exactly like .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE, but prepend the .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bEB
\bBE
\bEF
\bFO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE target commands
1176 .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT If .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede
1177 it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1178 Since the dependents of files are not made until the file
1179 itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being
1180 built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen-
1181 dency tree. So given:
1192 the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'.
1193 The ordering imposed by .
\b.W
\bWA
\bAI
\bIT
\bT is only relevant for parallel
1196 S
\bSP
\bPE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIA
\bAL
\bL T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bTS
\bS
1197 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1198 the only target specified.
1200 .
\b.B
\bBE
\bEG
\bGI
\bIN
\bN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before
1201 anything else is done.
1203 .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT
1204 This is sort of a .
\b.U
\bUS
\bSE
\bE rule for any target (that was used only
1205 as a source) that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be can't figure out any other way to cre-
1206 ate. Only the shell script is used. The .
\b.I
\bIM
\bMP
\bPS
\bSR
\bRC
\bC variable of a
1207 target that inherits .
\b.D
\bDE
\bEF
\bFA
\bAU
\bUL
\bLT
\bT's commands is set to the target's
1210 .
\b.E
\bEN
\bND
\bD Any command lines attached to this target are executed after
1211 everything else is done.
1213 .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when
1214 another target fails. The .
\b.E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR_
\b_T
\bTA
\bAR
\bRG
\bGE
\bET
\bT variable is set to the
1215 target that failed. See also M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bE_
\b_P
\bPR
\bRI
\bIN
\bNT
\bT_
\b_V
\bVA
\bAR
\bR_
\b_O
\bON
\bN_
\b_E
\bER
\bRR
\bRO
\bOR
\bR.
1217 .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE Mark each of the sources with the .
\b.I
\bIG
\bGN
\bNO
\bOR
\bRE
\bE attribute. If no
1218 sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1221 .
\b.I
\bIN
\bNT
\bTE
\bER
\bRR
\bRU
\bUP
\bPT
\bT
1222 If b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is interrupted, the commands for this target will be
1225 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAI
\bIN
\bN If no target is specified when b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is invoked, this target
1228 .
\b.M
\bMA
\bAK
\bKE
\bEF
\bFL
\bLA
\bAG
\bGS
\bS
1229 This target provides a way to specify flags for b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be when the
1230 makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell,
1231 though the -
\b-f
\bf option will have no effect.
1233 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH Apply the .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH attribute to any specified sources.
1235 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1236 Disable parallel mode.
1238 .
\b.N
\bNO
\bO_
\b_P
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL
1239 Synonym for .
\b.N
\bNO
\bOT
\bTP
\bPA
\bAR
\bRA
\bAL
\bLL
\bLE
\bEL
\bL, for compatibility with other pmake
1242 .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not
1243 add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen-
1244 dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could
1245 be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency
1246 graph, the following is a dependency loop:
1251 The ordering imposed by .
\b.O
\bOR
\bRD
\bDE
\bER
\bR is only relevant for parallel
1254 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files
1255 not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci-
1256 fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the
1257 source is the special .
\b.D
\bDO
\bOT
\bTL
\bLA
\bAS
\bST
\bT target, then the current working
1258 directory is searched last.
1260 .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH.
\b._
\bs_
\bu_
\bf_
\bf_
\bi_
\bx
1261 Like .
\b.P
\bPA
\bAT
\bTH
\bH but applies only to files with a particular suffix.
1262 The suffix must have been previously declared with .
\b.S
\bSU
\bUF
\bFF
\bFI
\bIX
\bXE
\bES
\bS.
1264 .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY Apply the .
\b.P
\bPH
\bHO
\bON
\bNY
\bY attribute to any specified sources.
1266 .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS
1267 Apply the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute to any specified sources. If no
1268 sources are specified, the .
\b.P
\bPR
\bRE
\bEC
\bCI
\bIO
\bOU
\bUS
\bS attribute is applied to
1269 every target in the file.
1271 .
\b.S
\bSH
\bHE
\bEL
\bLL
\bL Sets the shell that b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be will use to execute commands. The
1272 sources are a set of _
\bf_
\bi_
\be_
\bl_
\bd_
\b=_
\bv_
\ba_
\bl_
\bu_
\be pairs.
1274 _
\bn_
\ba_
\bm_
\be This is the minimal specification, used to select
1275 one of the builtin shell specs; _
\bs_
\bh, _
\bk_
\bs_
\bh, and _
\bc_
\bs_
\bh.
1277 _
\bp_
\ba_
\bt_
\bh Specifies the path to the shell.
1279 _
\bh_
\ba_
\bs_
\bE_
\br_
\br_
\bC_
\bt_
\bl Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error.
1281 _
\bc_
\bh_
\be_
\bc_
\bk The command to turn on error checking.
1283 _
\bi_
\bg_
\bn_
\bo_
\br_
\be The command to disable error checking.
1285 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo The command to turn on echoing of commands executed.
1287 _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt The command to turn off echoing of commands exe-
1290 _
\bf_
\bi_
\bl_
\bt_
\be_
\br The output to filter after issuing the _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt com-
1291 mand. It is typically identical to _
\bq_
\bu_
\bi_
\be_
\bt.
1293 _
\be_
\br_
\br_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking.
1295 _
\be_
\bc_
\bh_
\bo_
\bF_
\bl_
\ba_
\bg The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo-
1298 _
\bn_
\be_
\bw_
\bl_
\bi_
\bn_
\be The string literal to pass the shell that results in
1299 a single newline character when used outside of any
1303 .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \
1304 check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \
1305 echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \
1306 echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'"
1308 .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT Apply the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute to any specified sources. If no
1309 sources are specified, the .
\b.S
\bSI
\bIL
\bLE
\bEN
\bNT
\bT attribute is applied to every
1310 command in the file.
1312 .
\b.S
\bST
\bTA
\bAL
\bLE
\bE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale
1313 entries, having _
\b._
\bA_
\bL_
\bL_
\bS_
\bR_
\bC set to the name of that dependency file.
1315 .
\b.S
\bSU
\bUF
\bFF
\bFI
\bIX
\bXE
\bES
\bS
1316 Each source specifies a suffix to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be. If no sources are
1317 specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It
1318 allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules.
1324 cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC}
1326 E
\bEN
\bNV
\bVI
\bIR
\bRO
\bON
\bNM
\bME
\bEN
\bNT
\bT
1327 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE,
1328 MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH,
1331 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on
1332 the command line to b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be and not as makefile variables; see the descrip-
1333 tion of `_
\b._
\bO_
\bB_
\bJ_
\bD_
\bI_
\bR' for more details.
1335 F
\bFI
\bIL
\bLE
\bES
\bS
1336 .depend list of dependencies
1337 Makefile list of dependencies
1338 makefile list of dependencies
1339 sys.mk system makefile
1340 /usr/share/mk system makefile directory
1342 C
\bCO
\bOM
\bMP
\bPA
\bAT
\bTI
\bIB
\bBI
\bIL
\bLI
\bIT
\bTY
\bY
1343 The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make,
1344 however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are
1347 The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that
1348 .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo-
1349 rithms used may change again in the future.
1351 The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0
1352 so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this
1353 stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems
1354 using them in .if statements.
1356 S
\bSE
\bEE
\bE A
\bAL
\bLS
\bSO
\bO
1359 H
\bHI
\bIS
\bST
\bTO
\bOR
\bRY
\bY
1360 b
\bbm
\bma
\bak
\bke
\be is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate
1361 portability to other platforms.
1363 A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation
1364 is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at
1365 Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs
1366 on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''.
1368 Historically the target/dependency ``FRC'' has been used to FoRCe
1369 rebuilding (since the target/dependency does not exist... unless someone
1370 creates an ``FRC'' file).
1373 The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the
1374 data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve
1375 scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field.
1376 In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a
1379 There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename.
1381 NetBSD 5.1 August 11, 2013 NetBSD 5.1