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32 .Nd copy files to and from archives
51 copies files between archives and directories.
52 This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar,
53 and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar,
58 is a mode indicator from the following list:
59 .Bl -tag -compact -width indent
62 Read an archive from standard input (unless overridden) and extract the
63 contents to disk or (if the
66 list the contents to standard output.
67 If one or more file patterns are specified, only files matching
68 one of the patterns will be extracted.
71 Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce a new archive
72 on standard output (unless overridden) containing the specified items.
75 Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the files to the
80 Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in
82 .Bl -tag -width indent
84 Read filenames separated by NUL characters instead of newlines.
85 This is necessary if any of the filenames being read might contain newlines.
88 Append to the specified archive.
89 (Not yet implemented.)
92 Reset access times on files after they are read.
95 Block output to records of 5120 bytes.
98 Block output to records of
103 Use the old POSIX portable character format.
105 .Fl Fl format Ar odc .
106 .It Fl d , Fl Fl make-directories
108 Create directories as necessary.
111 Read list of file name patterns from
114 .It Fl F Ar file , Fl Fl file Ar file
115 Read archive from or write archive to
119 Ignore files that match
121 .It Fl H Ar format , Fl Fl format Ar format
123 Produce the output archive in the specified format.
124 Supported formats include:
126 .Bl -tag -width "iso9660" -compact
131 The SVR4 portable cpio format.
133 The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format.
135 The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar format.
137 The POSIX.1 tar format.
140 The default format is
143 .Xr libarchive-formats 5
144 for more complete information about the
145 formats currently supported by the underlying
148 .It Fl h , Fl Fl help
149 Print usage information.
153 .It Fl i , Fl Fl extract
155 See above for description.
158 Disable security checks during extraction or copying.
159 This allows extraction via symbolic links and path names containing
164 Compress the file with xz-compatible compression before writing it.
165 In input mode, this option is ignored; xz compression is recognized
166 automatically on input.
172 All symbolic links will be followed.
173 Normally, symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links.
174 With this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied instead.
175 .It Fl l , Fl Fl link
177 Create links from the target directory to the original files,
181 Compress the resulting archive with
183 In input mode, this option is ignored.
186 Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression before writing it.
187 In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma compression is recognized
188 automatically on input.
191 Compress the resulting archive with
193 In input mode, this option is ignored.
194 .It Fl m , Fl Fl preserve-modification-time
196 Set file modification time on created files to match
198 .It Fl n , Fl Fl numeric-uid-gid
201 Display numeric uid and gid.
204 displays the user and group names when they are provided in the
205 archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system
207 .It Fl Fl no-preserve-owner
209 Do not attempt to restore file ownership.
210 This is the default when run by non-root users.
214 .It Fl o , Fl Fl create
216 See above for description.
217 .It Fl p , Fl Fl pass-through
219 See above for description.
220 .It Fl Fl preserve-owner
222 Restore file ownership.
223 This is the default when run by the root user.
225 Suppress unnecessary messages.
226 .It Fl R Oo user Oc Ns Oo : Oc Ns Oo group Oc , Fl Fl owner Oo user Oc Ns Oo : Oc Ns Oo group Oc
227 Set the owner and/or group on files in the output.
228 If group is specified with no user
231 then the group will be set but not the user.
232 If the user is specified with a trailing colon and no group
235 then the group will be set to the user's default group.
236 If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then
237 the user will be set but not the group.
242 modes, this option can only be used by the super-user.
243 (For compatibility, a period can be used in place of the colon.)
246 Rename files interactively.
247 For each file, a prompt is written to
249 containing the name of the file and a line is read from
251 If the line read is blank, the file is skipped.
252 If the line contains a single period, the file is processed normally.
253 Otherwise, the line is taken to be the new name of the file.
254 .It Fl t , Fl Fl list
256 List the contents of the archive to stdout;
257 do not restore the contents to disk.
258 .It Fl u , Fl Fl unconditional
260 Unconditionally overwrite existing files.
261 Ordinarily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk.
263 Print a dot to stderr for each file as it is processed.
266 .It Fl v , Fl Fl verbose
267 Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed.
270 provide a detailed listing of each file.
272 Print the program version information and exit.
275 Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression before writing it.
276 In input mode, this option is ignored;
277 bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input.
280 Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression before writing it.
281 In input mode, this option is ignored;
282 compression is recognized automatically on input.
285 Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before writing it.
286 In input mode, this option is ignored;
287 gzip compression is recognized automatically on input.
292 The following environment variables affect the execution of
294 .Bl -tag -width ".Ev BLOCKSIZE"
299 for more information.
301 The timezone to use when displaying dates.
304 for more information.
309 command is traditionally used to copy file hierarchies in conjunction
313 The first example here simply copies all files from
317 .Dl Nm find Pa src | Nm Fl pmud Pa dest
319 By carefully selecting options to the
321 command and combining it with other standard utilities,
322 it is possible to exercise very fine control over which files are copied.
323 This next example copies files from
327 that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular pattern:
328 .Dl Nm find Pa src Fl mtime Ar +2 | Nm grep foo[bar] | Nm Fl pdmu Pa dest
330 This example copies files from
334 that are more than 2 days old and which contain the word
336 .Dl Nm find Pa src Fl mtime Ar +2 | Nm xargs Nm grep -l foobar | Nm Fl pdmu Pa dest
338 The mode options i, o, and p and the options
339 a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with SUSv2.
341 The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only
346 were interpreted as command-line options.
347 Each took a single argument of a list of modifier
349 For example, the standard syntax allows
359 are only modifiers to
361 they are not command-line options in their own right.
362 The syntax supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible
364 For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the
374 .Xr libarchive-formats 5 ,
377 There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared
383 The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by
391 utilities were written by Dick Haight
392 while working in AT&T's Unix Support Group.
393 They first appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the
394 .Dq Programmer's Work Bench
395 system developed for use within AT&T.
396 They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in 1981.
401 even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later.
403 This is a complete re-implementation based on the
407 The cpio archive format has several basic limitations:
408 It does not store user and group names, only numbers.
409 As a result, it cannot be reliably used to transfer
410 files between systems with dissimilar user and group numbering.
411 Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to
412 16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems.
413 The cpio archive formats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes,
416 variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes.