1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.288 2016/02/15 09:47:49 dtucker Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
47 #include "pathnames.h"
56 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
62 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa"
64 # define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519"
67 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
68 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
69 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
70 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
74 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
75 * set on the command line.
77 int change_passphrase = 0;
80 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
81 * on the command line.
83 int change_comment = 0;
87 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
89 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
91 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
93 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
96 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
99 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
100 int print_fingerprint = 0;
101 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
103 /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */
104 int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT;
106 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
107 char identity_file[1024];
108 int have_identity = 0;
110 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
111 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
113 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
114 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
116 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
117 char *identity_comment = NULL;
119 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
120 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
122 /* Certificate serial number */
123 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
125 /* Key type when certifying */
126 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
128 /* "key ID" of signed key */
129 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
131 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
132 char *cert_principals = NULL;
134 /* Validity period for certificates */
135 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
136 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
138 /* Certificate options */
139 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
140 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
141 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
142 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
143 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
144 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
145 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
146 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
147 char *certflags_command = NULL;
148 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
150 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
152 int convert_from = 0;
157 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
158 int print_public = 0;
159 int print_generic = 0;
161 char *key_type_name = NULL;
163 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
164 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
166 /* Use new OpenSSH private key format when writing SSH2 keys instead of PEM */
167 int use_new_format = 0;
169 /* Cipher for new-format private keys */
170 char *new_format_cipher = NULL;
173 * Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys /
174 * number of primality trials when screening moduli.
179 extern char *__progname;
181 char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
185 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
186 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
191 type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp)
197 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC)
198 fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name);
202 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
203 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA) {
205 (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0)
206 *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid);
208 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
211 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
214 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
215 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
216 if (*bitsp > maxbits)
217 fatal("key bits exceeds maximum %d", maxbits);
218 if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
219 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
220 else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && type != KEY_ED25519 && *bitsp < 1024)
221 fatal("Key must at least be 1024 bits");
222 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
223 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
224 "256, 384 or 521 bits");
229 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
234 if (key_type_name == NULL)
235 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
237 switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
239 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
243 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
245 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
248 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
253 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
256 case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
257 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519;
260 fatal("bad key type");
263 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file),
264 "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
265 printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
267 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
269 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
270 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
271 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
275 static struct sshkey *
276 load_identity(char *filename)
282 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, NULL)) == 0)
284 if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
285 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
286 if (identity_passphrase)
287 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
289 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
290 r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, NULL);
291 explicit_bzero(pass, strlen(pass));
294 fatal("Load key \"%s\": %s", filename, ssh_err(r));
298 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
299 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
300 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
301 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
305 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k)
312 if (k->type == KEY_RSA1)
313 fatal("version 1 keys are not supported");
314 if ((r = sshkey_to_blob(k, &blob, &len)) != 0)
315 fatal("key_to_blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
316 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
317 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
318 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
319 sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k),
320 pw->pw_name, hostname);
322 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
323 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
324 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
325 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
332 do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k)
334 switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
337 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
338 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
341 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
342 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
344 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
346 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
347 fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
351 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
357 do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k)
359 switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) {
362 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
363 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
365 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
367 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
368 fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
373 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, sshkey_type(k));
379 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
386 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
387 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
388 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
389 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0)
390 k = load_identity(identity_file);
391 switch (convert_format) {
393 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
396 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
399 do_convert_to_pem(k);
402 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
408 * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length
412 buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value)
414 u_int bytes, bignum_bits;
417 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0)
418 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
419 bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
420 if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes)
421 fatal("%s: input buffer too small: need %d have %zu",
422 __func__, bytes, sshbuf_len(b));
423 if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
424 fatal("%s: BN_bin2bn failed", __func__);
425 if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0)
426 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
429 static struct sshkey *
430 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
433 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
435 u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345";
437 u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4;
441 if ((b = sshbuf_from(blob, blen)) == NULL)
442 fatal("%s: sshbuf_from failed", __func__);
443 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0)
444 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
446 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
447 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic,
448 SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
452 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 ||
453 (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 ||
454 (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 ||
455 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 ||
456 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 ||
457 (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0)
458 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
459 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
460 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
461 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
469 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
471 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
478 if ((key = sshkey_new_private(ktype)) == NULL)
479 fatal("key_new_private failed");
484 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->p);
485 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->g);
486 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->q);
487 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->pub_key);
488 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->dsa->priv_key);
491 if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 ||
492 (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) ||
493 (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0))
494 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
505 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
510 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->d);
511 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->n);
512 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->iqmp);
513 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->q);
514 buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, key->rsa->p);
515 if ((r = rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa)) != 0)
516 fatal("generate RSA parameters failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
519 rlen = sshbuf_len(b);
521 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
522 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
526 if (sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), NULL, 0) != 0 ||
527 sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), 0) != 0) {
537 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
543 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
545 fatal("input line too long.");
549 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF)
550 fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno));
563 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private)
565 int r, blen, escaped = 0;
572 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
573 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
575 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
576 if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\')
578 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
579 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
580 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
582 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
585 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
590 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
593 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
595 len = strlen(encoded);
596 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
597 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
598 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
599 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
600 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
601 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
603 fatal("uudecode failed.");
605 *k = do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen);
606 else if ((r = sshkey_from_blob(blob, blen, k)) != 0)
607 fatal("decode blob failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
612 do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
617 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
618 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
619 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
620 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
624 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
626 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
627 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
628 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
629 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
632 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
633 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
634 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
635 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
637 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
639 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
640 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
641 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
642 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
643 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
647 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
648 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
650 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
655 do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private)
663 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
664 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
665 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
666 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
667 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
668 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
673 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
675 if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
676 if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
677 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
678 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
685 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
689 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
691 struct sshkey *k = NULL;
692 int r, private = 0, ok = 0;
696 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
697 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
698 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
700 switch (convert_format) {
702 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
705 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
708 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
711 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
715 if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0)
718 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
722 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
723 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
725 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
727 ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
728 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
732 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
733 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
736 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
742 fatal("key write failed");
749 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
756 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
757 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
758 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
759 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
760 if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0)
761 error("key_write failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
763 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
768 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
771 struct sshkey **keys = NULL;
773 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
777 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
778 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
781 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
783 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
784 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
785 if (print_fingerprint) {
786 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
787 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash,
789 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
790 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
791 printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]),
792 fp, sshkey_type(keys[i]));
793 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
798 (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */
799 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
801 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
807 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
808 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
811 static struct sshkey *
812 try_read_key(char **cpp)
817 if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_RSA1)) == NULL)
818 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
820 if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
824 if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
825 fatal("sshkey_new failed");
826 if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0)
834 fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment)
836 char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL;
837 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
840 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
841 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
842 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
843 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
844 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
845 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint failed", __func__);
846 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp,
847 comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public));
848 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
855 fingerprint_private(const char *path)
858 char *comment = NULL;
859 struct sshkey *public = NULL;
862 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
863 fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
864 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, &comment)) != 0) {
865 debug("load public \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
866 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL,
867 &public, &comment)) != 0) {
868 debug("load private \"%s\": %s", path, ssh_err(r));
869 fatal("%s is not a key file.", path);
873 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
879 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
882 struct sshkey *public = NULL;
883 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
889 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
890 path = identity_file;
892 if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) {
895 } else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
896 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno));
898 while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
900 cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0';
901 /* Trim leading space and comments */
902 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
903 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
907 * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys
912 * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if
913 * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're
914 * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin).
916 if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 &&
917 strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) {
919 fingerprint_private(path);
924 * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to
925 * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options.
926 * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff.
928 if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
929 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
930 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL ||
931 (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
935 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
936 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
937 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
938 cp++; /* Skip both */
947 /* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */
948 if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) {
949 debug("%s:%ld: not a public key", path, lnum);
953 /* Find trailing comment, if any */
954 for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
956 if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#')
959 fingerprint_one_key(public, comment);
961 invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */
966 fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path);
971 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
975 char *key_type_display;
980 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
981 #endif /* WITH_SSH1 */
982 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
983 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
984 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
985 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
986 #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */
987 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
988 { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE },
994 struct sshkey *private, *public;
999 for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
1000 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
1002 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1003 error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
1011 printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
1013 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
1015 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
1016 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
1018 type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits);
1019 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) {
1020 error("key_generate failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1024 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1025 fatal("sshkey_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1026 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
1028 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, "",
1029 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1030 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1031 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1032 sshkey_free(private);
1033 sshkey_free(public);
1037 sshkey_free(private);
1038 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1039 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1041 error("Could not save your public key in %s",
1043 sshkey_free(public);
1047 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1049 error("fdopen %s failed", identity_file);
1051 sshkey_free(public);
1055 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0) {
1056 error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1058 sshkey_free(public);
1062 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1064 sshkey_free(public);
1071 struct known_hosts_ctx {
1072 const char *host; /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */
1073 FILE *out; /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */
1074 int has_unhashed; /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */
1075 int found_key; /* For find/delete, host was found */
1076 int invalid; /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */
1080 known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1082 struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1083 char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts;
1084 int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts);
1086 switch (l->status) {
1088 case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED:
1090 * Don't hash hosts already already hashed, with wildcard
1091 * characters or a CA/revocation marker.
1093 if ((l->match & HKF_MATCH_HOST_HASHED) != 0 ||
1094 has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1095 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1096 if (has_wild && !find_host) {
1097 logit("%s:%ld: ignoring host name "
1098 "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path,
1099 l->linenum, l->hosts);
1104 * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list,
1105 * hash and store separately.
1107 ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts);
1108 while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') {
1109 if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
1110 fatal("hash_host failed");
1111 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey);
1112 ctx->has_unhashed = 1;
1116 case HKF_STATUS_INVALID:
1117 /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */
1119 logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1122 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1130 known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx)
1132 struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx;
1133 enum sshkey_fp_rep rep;
1137 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash;
1138 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT;
1140 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) {
1142 if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) {
1143 /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */
1144 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1147 * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke
1148 * marker, delete it by *not* writing the
1153 printf("# Host %s found: line %ld\n",
1154 ctx->host, l->linenum);
1157 } else if (find_host) {
1160 printf("# Host %s found: line %ld %s\n",
1162 l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" :
1163 (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : ""));
1166 known_hosts_hash(l, ctx);
1167 else if (print_fingerprint) {
1168 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep);
1169 printf("%s %s %s %s\n", ctx->host,
1170 sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment);
1173 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1176 } else if (delete_host) {
1177 /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */
1178 if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) {
1180 logit("%s:%ld: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum);
1182 fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line);
1188 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
1190 char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX];
1191 int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0;
1192 struct known_hosts_ctx ctx;
1193 u_int foreach_options;
1195 if (!have_identity) {
1196 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1197 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1198 sizeof(identity_file))
1199 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1204 memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
1209 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1210 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1212 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1213 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1214 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1215 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1216 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1217 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1219 if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1220 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1221 if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1224 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno));
1229 /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */
1230 foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0;
1231 foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0;
1232 if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file,
1233 hash_hosts ? known_hosts_hash : known_hosts_find_delete, &ctx,
1234 name, NULL, foreach_options)) != 0) {
1237 fatal("%s: hostkeys_foreach failed: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1244 error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file);
1246 error("Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1247 "file because of errors");
1251 } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) {
1252 logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file);
1255 } else if (inplace) {
1256 /* Backup existing file */
1257 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1258 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1259 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1260 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1262 /* Move new one into place */
1263 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1264 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1271 printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1272 printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1273 if (ctx.has_unhashed) {
1274 logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old);
1275 logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1280 exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key);
1284 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1285 * for the current user.
1288 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1291 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1293 struct sshkey *private;
1297 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1298 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1299 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1300 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1301 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment);
1302 if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
1303 if (identity_passphrase)
1304 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1307 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1309 r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1310 &private, &comment);
1311 explicit_bzero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase));
1312 free(old_passphrase);
1315 } else if (r != 0) {
1317 fatal("Failed to load key %s: %s", identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1320 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1322 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1323 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1324 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1328 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1329 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1330 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1333 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1334 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1335 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1336 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1339 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1342 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1343 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
1347 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1348 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
1349 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1350 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s.",
1351 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1352 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1354 sshkey_free(private);
1358 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1359 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
1361 sshkey_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1364 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1369 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1372 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1374 struct sshkey *public;
1375 char *comment = NULL;
1380 fatal("%s: no filename", __func__);
1381 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1382 if (errno == ENOENT)
1384 fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1386 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1387 fatal("Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\": %s.",
1389 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1390 sshkey_free(public);
1396 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1399 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1401 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1402 struct sshkey *private;
1403 struct sshkey *public;
1409 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1410 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1411 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1412 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "",
1413 &private, &comment)) == 0)
1414 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1415 else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)
1416 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1417 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1419 if (identity_passphrase)
1420 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1421 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1422 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1424 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1426 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1427 if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase,
1428 &private, &comment)) != 0) {
1429 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1431 fatal("Cannot load private key \"%s\": %s.",
1432 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1436 if (private->type != KEY_RSA1 && private->type != KEY_ED25519 &&
1438 error("Comments are only supported for RSA1 or keys stored in "
1439 "the new format (-o).");
1440 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1441 sshkey_free(private);
1444 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1446 if (identity_comment) {
1447 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1449 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1451 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1452 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1453 sshkey_free(private);
1456 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1459 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1460 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase,
1461 new_comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
1462 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
1463 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
1464 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1466 sshkey_free(private);
1470 explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase));
1472 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
1473 fatal("key_from_private failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1474 sshkey_free(private);
1476 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1477 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1479 fatal("Could not save your public key in %s", identity_file);
1480 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1482 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1483 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1484 fatal("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
1485 sshkey_free(public);
1486 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1491 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1496 add_flag_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name)
1500 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1501 if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1502 (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0)
1503 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1507 add_string_option(struct sshbuf *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1512 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1513 if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1514 fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
1515 if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, value)) != 0 ||
1516 (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, name)) != 0 ||
1517 (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0)
1518 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1523 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1524 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1526 prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which)
1529 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1530 certflags_command != NULL)
1531 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1532 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1533 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1534 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1535 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1536 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1537 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1538 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1539 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1540 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1541 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1542 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1543 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1544 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1545 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1546 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1547 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1548 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1549 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1552 static struct sshkey *
1553 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1555 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1556 struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1559 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0)
1560 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\": %s",
1563 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1564 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1566 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1567 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1568 if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1572 sshkey_free(keys[i]);
1575 sshkey_free(public);
1578 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1579 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1583 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1587 struct sshkey *ca, *public;
1588 char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1591 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1594 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1595 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1596 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1597 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1599 ca = load_identity(tmp);
1602 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1603 /* Split list of principals */
1605 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1606 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1608 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1609 plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1610 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1611 fatal("Empty principal name");
1616 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1617 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0)
1618 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\": %s",
1619 __func__, tmp, ssh_err(r));
1620 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1621 public->type != KEY_ECDSA && public->type != KEY_ED25519)
1622 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1623 __func__, tmp, sshkey_type(public));
1625 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1626 if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0)
1627 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate: %s",
1629 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1630 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1631 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1632 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1633 public->cert->principals = plist;
1634 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1635 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1636 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
1637 prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions,
1638 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1639 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca,
1640 &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0)
1641 fatal("key_from_private (ca key): %s", ssh_err(r));
1643 if (sshkey_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1644 fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1646 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1648 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1651 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1652 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1654 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1655 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1656 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
1657 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s: %s",
1659 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1663 sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert,
1664 valid, sizeof(valid));
1665 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1666 "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public),
1667 out, public->cert->key_id,
1668 (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1669 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1670 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1674 sshkey_free(public);
1677 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1684 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1688 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1690 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1691 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1692 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1693 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1694 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1698 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1705 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1706 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1707 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1709 switch (strlen(s)) {
1712 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1715 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1716 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1717 s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1720 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1723 memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
1724 if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1725 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1726 if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1727 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1728 return (u_int64_t)tt;
1732 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1735 time_t now = time(NULL);
1738 /* +timespec relative to now */
1739 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1740 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1741 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1742 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1744 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1745 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1747 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1753 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1754 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1756 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1757 to = strchr(from, ':');
1758 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1759 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1762 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1763 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1765 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1767 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1768 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now);
1770 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1772 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1773 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1778 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1782 if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1783 certflags_flags = 0;
1784 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1785 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1786 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1787 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1788 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1789 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1790 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1791 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1792 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1793 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1794 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1795 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1796 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1797 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1798 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1799 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1800 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1801 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1802 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1803 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1804 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1807 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1808 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1809 fatal("force-command already specified");
1810 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1811 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1814 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1815 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1816 fatal("source-address already specified");
1817 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1818 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1819 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1821 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1825 show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical)
1828 struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL;
1831 if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL)
1832 fatal("%s: sshbuf_fromb failed", __func__);
1833 while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) {
1834 sshbuf_free(option);
1836 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 ||
1837 (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0)
1838 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));
1839 printf(" %s", name);
1841 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1842 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1843 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1844 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1845 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1847 else if (in_critical &&
1848 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1849 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1850 if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0)
1851 fatal("%s: buffer error: %s",
1852 __func__, ssh_err(r));
1853 printf(" %s\n", arg);
1856 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %zu)\n",
1857 sshbuf_len(option));
1858 sshbuf_reset(option);
1861 if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0)
1862 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1864 sshbuf_free(option);
1865 sshbuf_free(options);
1869 print_cert(struct sshkey *key)
1871 char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1874 key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1875 ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1876 fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
1877 if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL)
1878 fatal("%s: sshkey_fingerprint fail", __func__);
1879 sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid));
1881 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key),
1882 sshkey_cert_type(key));
1883 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp);
1884 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1885 sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1886 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1887 printf(" Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1888 printf(" Valid: %s\n", valid);
1889 printf(" Principals: ");
1890 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1893 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1895 key->cert->principals[i]);
1898 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1899 if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0)
1903 show_options(key->cert->critical, 1);
1905 printf(" Extensions: ");
1906 if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1910 show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0);
1915 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1917 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1919 int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0;
1921 char *cp, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1926 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1927 if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1928 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1930 path = identity_file;
1931 if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1935 } else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1936 fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
1938 while (read_keyfile_line(f, path, line, sizeof(line), &lnum) == 0) {
1941 /* Trim leading space and comments */
1942 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1943 if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0')
1945 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
1947 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) {
1948 error("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s", path,
1952 if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) {
1953 error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum);
1957 if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1)
1958 printf("%s:\n", path);
1960 printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum);
1969 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1971 struct sshbuf *krlbuf;
1974 if ((krlbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
1975 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
1976 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1977 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1978 if ((r = sshkey_load_file(fd, krlbuf)) != 0)
1979 fatal("Unable to load KRL: %s", ssh_err(r));
1981 /* XXX check sigs */
1982 if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0)) != 0 ||
1984 fatal("Invalid KRL file: %s", ssh_err(r));
1985 sshbuf_free(krlbuf);
1989 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca,
1990 const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl)
1992 struct sshkey *key = NULL;
1994 char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1995 unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1996 int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1999 path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
2000 if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
2003 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
2004 } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
2005 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
2008 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
2009 while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
2011 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
2012 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
2013 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
2014 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
2015 if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
2019 if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
2020 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
2030 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
2031 if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2032 fatal("revoking certificates by serial number "
2033 "requires specification of a CA key");
2036 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2038 serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2039 if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
2040 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2042 if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
2043 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2049 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
2050 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
2051 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
2053 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
2054 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
2056 if (serial2 <= serial)
2057 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
2058 "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
2059 (unsigned long long)serial,
2060 (unsigned long long)serial2);
2062 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
2063 ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
2064 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2067 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2068 if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) {
2069 fatal("revoking certificates by key ID "
2070 "requires specification of a CA key");
2073 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2074 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2075 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2077 if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2079 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2080 was_explicit_key = 1;
2081 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2083 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2087 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2088 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2091 if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2093 if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0)
2094 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key: %s",
2095 path, lnum, ssh_err(r));
2096 if (was_explicit_key)
2097 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2099 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2101 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2103 fatal("%s: revoke key failed: %s",
2104 __func__, ssh_err(r));
2108 if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2114 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2116 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2118 struct sshkey *ca = NULL;
2119 int fd, i, r, wild_ca = 0;
2121 struct sshbuf *kbuf;
2123 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2124 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2125 if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2126 if (errno != ENOENT)
2127 fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2128 identity_file, strerror(errno));
2130 fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2132 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2133 if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0)
2136 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2137 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0)
2138 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s: %s",
2145 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2146 else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2147 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2149 if (cert_serial != 0)
2150 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2151 if (identity_comment != NULL)
2152 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2154 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2155 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl);
2157 if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
2158 fatal("sshbuf_new failed");
2159 if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2160 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2161 if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2162 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2163 if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, (void *)sshbuf_ptr(kbuf), sshbuf_len(kbuf)) !=
2165 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2173 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2177 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2180 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2181 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2182 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2183 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2184 if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0)
2185 fatal("Cannot load public key %s: %s",
2186 argv[i], ssh_err(r));
2187 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2188 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2189 *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2190 r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2204 "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa | rsa1]\n"
2205 " [-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n"
2206 " ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]\n"
2207 " ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2208 " ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2209 " ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2210 " ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]\n"
2211 " ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2212 " ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n");
2213 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2215 " ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n");
2218 " ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]\n"
2219 " ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2220 " ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n"
2221 " ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]\n"
2223 " ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]\n"
2224 " ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]\n"
2225 " [-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]\n"
2227 " ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-n principals]\n"
2228 " [-O option] [-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...\n"
2229 " ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n"
2231 " ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n"
2233 " ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...\n");
2238 * Main program for key management.
2241 main(int argc, char **argv)
2243 char dotsshdir[PATH_MAX], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2244 char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra;
2245 struct sshkey *private, *public;
2248 int r, opt, type, fd;
2249 int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2253 /* Moduli generation/screening */
2254 char out_file[PATH_MAX], *checkpoint = NULL;
2255 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0;
2256 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2257 unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2258 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2262 extern char *optarg;
2264 ssh_malloc_init(); /* must be called before any mallocs */
2265 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2268 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2271 OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2273 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2277 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
2278 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2280 fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid());
2281 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0)
2282 fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno));
2284 /* Remaining characters: UYdw */
2285 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklopquvxy"
2286 "C:D:E:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:Z:"
2287 "a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2290 gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2293 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2295 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2299 fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg);
2300 if (fingerprint_hash == -1)
2301 fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg);
2305 rr_hostname = optarg;
2311 cert_key_id = optarg;
2315 rr_hostname = optarg;
2321 print_fingerprint = 1;
2324 print_bubblebabble = 1;
2327 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2328 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2329 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2332 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2333 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2336 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2337 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2340 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2342 cert_principals = optarg;
2348 change_passphrase = 1;
2354 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg,
2355 sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file))
2356 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2363 identity_passphrase = optarg;
2366 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2372 add_cert_option(optarg);
2375 new_format_cipher = optarg;
2378 identity_comment = optarg;
2389 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2390 certflags_flags = 0;
2404 ca_key_path = optarg;
2407 key_type_name = optarg;
2410 pkcs11provider = optarg;
2416 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2417 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2419 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2420 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2425 rr_hostname = optarg;
2428 rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
2430 fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)",
2434 parse_cert_times(optarg);
2438 cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2439 if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2440 (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2441 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2444 /* Moduli generation/screening */
2446 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2449 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2453 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2455 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2458 do_gen_candidates = 1;
2459 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2461 fatal("Output filename too long");
2464 do_screen_candidates = 1;
2465 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2467 fatal("Output filename too long");
2470 if (strlen(optarg) >= PATH_MAX)
2471 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2472 checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2475 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2476 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2477 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2479 #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */
2487 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2492 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2493 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2494 error("Too few arguments.");
2497 } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2498 error("Too many arguments.");
2501 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2502 error("Can only have one of -p and -c.");
2505 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2506 error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.");
2510 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2514 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2517 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2518 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2519 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2520 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2524 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2525 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2526 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2528 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2530 if (change_passphrase)
2531 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2533 do_change_comment(pw);
2538 do_convert_from(pw);
2541 do_print_public(pw);
2542 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2545 if (have_identity) {
2546 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2547 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2549 fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2553 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2554 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2555 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2556 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2557 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2558 _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2559 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2560 _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2562 fatal("no keys found.");
2568 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2569 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2572 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2573 out_file, strerror(errno));
2577 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2578 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2579 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2584 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2586 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2588 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2589 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2590 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2591 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2598 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2599 out_file, strerror(errno));
2601 if (prime_test(in, out, rounds == 0 ? 100 : rounds,
2602 generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2603 start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2604 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2609 if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2610 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2614 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2615 key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME;
2617 type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2618 type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits);
2621 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n",
2623 if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0)
2624 fatal("key_generate failed");
2625 if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0)
2626 fatal("key_from_private failed: %s\n", ssh_err(r));
2629 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2631 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2632 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2633 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2634 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2635 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2636 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2637 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2639 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2640 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2641 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2643 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2646 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2647 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2649 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2650 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2652 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2654 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2657 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2658 if (identity_passphrase)
2659 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2660 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2661 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2665 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2666 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2667 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2669 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2671 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2674 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2675 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2678 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2679 goto passphrase_again;
2681 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2682 explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2));
2686 if (identity_comment) {
2687 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2689 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2690 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2693 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2694 if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1,
2695 comment, use_new_format, new_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) {
2696 error("Saving key \"%s\" failed: %s",
2697 identity_file, ssh_err(r));
2698 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2702 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2703 explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1));
2706 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2707 sshkey_free(private);
2710 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2712 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2713 if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2714 fatal("Unable to save public key to %s: %s",
2715 identity_file, strerror(errno));
2716 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
2717 fatal("fdopen %s failed: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2718 if ((r = sshkey_write(public, f)) != 0)
2719 error("write key failed: %s", ssh_err(r));
2720 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2724 fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2726 ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash,
2728 if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL)
2729 fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
2730 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2732 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2733 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2734 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
2740 sshkey_free(public);