1 /* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.225 2013/02/10 23:32:10 djm Exp $ */
3 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
4 * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
6 * Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
8 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
9 * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
10 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
11 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
12 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
20 #include <sys/param.h>
22 #include <openssl/evp.h>
23 #include <openssl/pem.h>
24 #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
45 #include "pathnames.h"
53 #include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
57 /* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
58 #define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
59 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
60 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
64 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
65 * set on the command line.
67 int change_passphrase = 0;
70 * Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
71 * on the command line.
73 int change_comment = 0;
77 int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
79 /* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
81 /* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
83 /* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
86 /* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
89 /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
90 int print_fingerprint = 0;
91 int print_bubblebabble = 0;
93 /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
94 char identity_file[1024];
95 int have_identity = 0;
97 /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
98 char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
100 /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
101 char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
103 /* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
104 char *identity_comment = NULL;
106 /* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
107 char *ca_key_path = NULL;
109 /* Certificate serial number */
110 unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
112 /* Key type when certifying */
113 u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
115 /* "key ID" of signed key */
116 char *cert_key_id = NULL;
118 /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
119 char *cert_principals = NULL;
121 /* Validity period for certificates */
122 u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
123 u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
125 /* Certificate options */
126 #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
127 #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
128 #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
129 #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
130 #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
131 #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
132 CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
133 u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
134 char *certflags_command = NULL;
135 char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
137 /* Conversion to/from various formats */
139 int convert_from = 0;
144 } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
145 int print_public = 0;
146 int print_generic = 0;
148 char *key_type_name = NULL;
150 /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
151 char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
154 extern char *__progname;
156 char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
159 int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
160 int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
164 type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
168 if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
169 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
174 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
175 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
176 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
178 *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
180 maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
181 OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
182 if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
183 fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
186 if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
187 fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
188 else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && *bitsp < 768)
189 fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
190 else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
191 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
192 "256, 384 or 521 bits");
196 ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
201 if (key_type_name == NULL)
202 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
204 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
206 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
209 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
211 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
213 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
216 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
220 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
222 name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
225 fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
230 snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
231 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
232 if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
234 buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
235 if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
236 strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
241 load_identity(char *filename)
246 prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
248 if (identity_passphrase)
249 pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
251 pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
253 prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
254 memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
260 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
261 #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
262 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
263 #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
266 do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
272 if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
273 fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
276 if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
277 fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
280 /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
281 snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
282 "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
283 key_size(k), key_type(k),
284 pw->pw_name, hostname);
286 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
287 fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
288 dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
289 fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
296 do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
298 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
301 if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
302 fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
305 if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
306 fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
308 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
310 if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
311 fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
315 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
321 do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
323 switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
326 if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
327 fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
329 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
331 if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
332 fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
337 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
343 do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
349 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
350 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
351 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
352 if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
353 if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
354 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
359 switch (convert_format) {
361 do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
364 do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
367 do_convert_to_pem(k);
370 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
376 buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
378 u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
379 u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
381 if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
382 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
383 "need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
384 if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
385 fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
386 buffer_consume(b, bytes);
390 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
395 u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
396 int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
401 buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
403 magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
404 if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
405 error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
409 i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
410 type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
411 cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
412 i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
413 i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
414 i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
415 debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
416 if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
417 error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
425 if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
427 } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
434 key = key_new_private(ktype);
439 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
440 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
441 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
442 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
443 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
446 e = buffer_get_char(&b);
450 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
453 e += buffer_get_char(&b);
456 if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
461 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
462 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
463 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
464 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
465 buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
466 rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
469 rlen = buffer_len(&b);
471 error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
472 "remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
476 key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
477 key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
483 get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
489 while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
490 if (pos >= len - 1) {
491 fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
497 if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
498 fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
513 do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
523 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
524 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
526 while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
527 if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
529 if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
530 strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
531 if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
533 if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
536 /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
541 /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
544 strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
546 len = strlen(encoded);
547 if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
548 (encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
549 (encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
550 (encoded[len-3] == '='))
551 encoded[len-3] = '\0';
552 blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
554 fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
558 do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
559 key_from_blob(blob, blen);
561 fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
568 do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
573 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
574 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
575 if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
576 fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
580 switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
582 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
583 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
584 (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
587 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
588 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
589 (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
591 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
593 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
594 (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
595 (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
596 (*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
600 fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
601 EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
603 EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
608 do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
616 if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
617 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
618 if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
619 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
620 (*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
625 #if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
627 if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
628 *k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
629 (*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
636 fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
640 do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
643 int private = 0, ok = 0;
647 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
648 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
649 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
651 switch (convert_format) {
653 do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
656 do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
659 do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
662 fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
666 ok = key_write(k, stdout);
668 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
672 ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
673 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
675 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
677 ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
678 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
682 ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
683 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
686 fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
692 fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
700 do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
706 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
707 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
708 perror(identity_file);
711 prv = load_identity(identity_file);
713 fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
716 if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
717 fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
719 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
724 do_download(struct passwd *pw)
733 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
734 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
737 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
739 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
740 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
741 if (print_fingerprint) {
742 fp = key_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep);
743 ra = key_fingerprint(keys[i], SSH_FP_MD5,
745 printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", key_size(keys[i]),
746 fp, key_type(keys[i]));
747 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
752 key_write(keys[i], stdout);
753 fprintf(stdout, "\n");
761 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
762 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
766 do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
770 char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
771 int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
776 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
777 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
780 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
781 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
782 perror(identity_file);
785 public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
786 if (public != NULL) {
787 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
788 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
789 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
791 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
804 if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
805 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
807 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
808 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
809 error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
821 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
822 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
824 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
826 i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
827 if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
830 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
831 *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
832 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
833 cp++; /* Skip both */
842 public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
843 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
846 public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
847 if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
852 comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
853 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
854 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
855 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
856 comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
857 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
867 printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
874 do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
878 char *key_type_display;
881 { "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
882 { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
883 { "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
884 #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
885 { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
892 Key *private, *public;
897 for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
898 if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
900 if (errno != ENOENT) {
901 printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
909 printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
911 printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
914 type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
915 strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
917 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
918 private = key_generate(type, bits);
919 if (private == NULL) {
920 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
924 public = key_from_private(private);
925 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
927 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment)) {
928 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
936 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
937 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
939 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
947 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
952 if (!key_write(public, f)) {
953 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
958 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
968 printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
970 if (print_fingerprint) {
975 fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
976 rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
977 fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
978 ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
979 printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
981 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
986 if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
987 fatal("hash_host failed");
988 fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
989 if (!key_write(public, f))
990 fatal("key_write failed");
996 do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
998 FILE *in, *out = stdout;
1000 char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
1001 char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
1002 int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
1005 if (!have_identity) {
1006 cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
1007 if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
1008 sizeof(identity_file))
1009 fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
1013 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
1014 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1017 * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
1018 * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
1020 if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
1021 if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1022 strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
1023 strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
1024 strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
1025 fatal("known_hosts path too long");
1027 if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
1028 fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
1029 if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
1032 fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
1037 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
1038 if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
1039 error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
1051 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
1052 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
1054 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
1056 fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
1059 /* Check whether this is a CA key */
1060 if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
1061 (cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
1062 cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
1064 cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
1068 /* Find the end of the host name portion. */
1069 for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
1072 if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
1073 error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
1081 pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
1082 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1085 pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
1086 if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
1087 error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
1095 if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
1096 if (find_host || delete_host) {
1097 cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
1099 error("line %d: invalid hashed "
1100 "name: %.64s...", num, line);
1104 c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
1105 if (find_host && c) {
1106 printf("# Host %s found: "
1107 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1109 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1110 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1114 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1116 printf("# Host %s found: "
1117 "line %d type %s\n", name,
1118 num, key_type(pub));
1120 } else if (hash_hosts)
1121 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1123 if (find_host || delete_host) {
1124 c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
1126 if (find_host && c) {
1127 printf("# Host %s found: "
1128 "line %d type %s%s\n", name,
1130 ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
1131 printhost(out, name, pub,
1132 ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
1136 printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
1138 printf("# Host %s found: "
1139 "line %d type %s\n", name,
1140 num, key_type(pub));
1142 } else if (hash_hosts) {
1143 for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
1144 cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
1145 cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
1147 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1148 "ignoring CA key for host: "
1150 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1151 } else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
1153 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
1154 "ignoring host name with "
1155 "metacharacters: %.64s\n",
1157 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
1159 printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
1169 fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
1172 fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
1173 "file because of errors\n");
1183 /* Backup existing file */
1184 if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
1185 fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
1186 if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
1187 fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
1189 /* Move new one into place */
1190 if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
1191 error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
1198 fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
1199 fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
1201 fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
1203 fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
1212 * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
1213 * for the current user.
1216 do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
1219 char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
1224 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1225 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1226 perror(identity_file);
1229 /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
1230 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1231 if (private == NULL) {
1232 if (identity_passphrase)
1233 old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1236 read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
1238 private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
1240 memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
1241 xfree(old_passphrase);
1242 if (private == NULL) {
1243 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1247 printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1249 /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
1250 if (identity_new_passphrase) {
1251 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1255 read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
1256 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
1257 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
1260 /* Verify that they are the same. */
1261 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
1262 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1263 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1266 printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
1269 /* Destroy the other copy. */
1270 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
1274 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1275 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
1276 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1277 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1283 /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
1284 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
1286 key_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
1289 printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
1294 * Print the SSHFP RR.
1297 do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
1300 char *comment = NULL;
1304 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1305 if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
1306 if (errno == ENOENT)
1311 public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
1312 if (public != NULL) {
1313 export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
1321 printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
1326 * Change the comment of a private key file.
1329 do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
1331 char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
1339 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1340 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
1341 perror(identity_file);
1344 private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
1345 if (private == NULL) {
1346 if (identity_passphrase)
1347 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
1348 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
1349 passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
1351 passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
1353 /* Try to load using the passphrase. */
1354 private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
1355 if (private == NULL) {
1356 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1358 printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
1362 passphrase = xstrdup("");
1364 if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
1365 fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
1369 printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
1371 if (identity_comment) {
1372 strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
1374 printf("Enter new comment: ");
1376 if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
1377 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1381 new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
1384 /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
1385 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
1386 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
1387 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1393 memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
1395 public = key_from_private(private);
1398 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
1399 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
1401 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
1404 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
1406 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
1409 if (!key_write(public, f))
1410 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
1412 fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
1417 printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
1422 fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
1424 char from[32], to[32];
1425 static char ret[64];
1430 if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
1433 if (valid_from != 0) {
1434 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1435 tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
1436 tm = localtime(&tt);
1437 strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1439 if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1440 /* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
1441 tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
1442 tm = localtime(&tt);
1443 strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
1446 if (valid_from == 0) {
1447 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
1450 if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
1451 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
1455 snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
1460 add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
1462 debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
1463 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1464 buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
1468 add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
1472 debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
1474 buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
1476 buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
1477 buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
1482 #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
1483 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
1485 prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
1488 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1489 certflags_command != NULL)
1490 add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
1491 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1492 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
1493 add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
1494 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1495 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
1496 add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
1497 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1498 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
1499 add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
1500 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1501 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
1502 add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
1503 if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
1504 (certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
1505 add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
1506 if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
1507 certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1508 add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
1512 load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
1514 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
1515 Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
1518 if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
1519 fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
1521 nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
1522 debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
1524 fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
1525 for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
1526 if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
1536 fatal("no pkcs11 support");
1537 #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
1541 do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
1546 char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
1548 int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
1550 if (key_type_name != NULL) {
1551 switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
1552 case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
1553 case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
1557 if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
1560 } else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
1564 fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
1570 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
1571 if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
1572 if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
1573 fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
1574 } else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
1575 fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
1578 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1579 /* Split list of principals */
1581 if (cert_principals != NULL) {
1582 otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
1584 for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
1585 plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
1586 if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
1587 fatal("Empty principal name");
1592 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
1593 if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
1594 fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
1595 if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
1596 public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
1597 fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
1598 __func__, tmp, key_type(public));
1600 /* Prepare certificate to sign */
1601 if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
1602 fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
1603 public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
1604 public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
1605 public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
1606 public->cert->nprincipals = n;
1607 public->cert->principals = plist;
1608 public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
1609 public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
1611 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1612 OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1614 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
1616 prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
1617 OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
1619 public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
1621 if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
1622 fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
1624 if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
1626 xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
1629 if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
1630 fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
1632 if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
1633 fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
1634 if (!key_write(public, f))
1635 fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
1636 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
1640 logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
1641 "valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
1642 out, public->cert->key_id,
1643 (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
1644 cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
1645 cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
1646 fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
1657 parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
1661 mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
1663 if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
1664 fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
1665 if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
1666 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1667 return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
1671 parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
1678 * POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
1679 * is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
1680 * any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
1682 switch (strlen(s)) {
1685 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
1688 fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
1689 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
1690 s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
1693 fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
1696 bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
1697 if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
1698 fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
1699 if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
1700 fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
1701 return (u_int64_t)tt;
1705 parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
1708 time_t now = time(NULL);
1711 /* +timespec relative to now */
1712 if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
1713 if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
1714 fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
1715 cert_valid_to = now + secs;
1717 * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
1718 * with poorly-synchronised clocks.
1720 cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
1726 * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1727 * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
1729 from = xstrdup(timespec);
1730 to = strchr(from, ':');
1731 if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
1732 fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
1735 if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
1736 cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
1738 cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
1740 if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
1741 cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
1743 cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
1745 if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
1746 fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
1751 add_cert_option(char *opt)
1755 if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
1756 certflags_flags = 0;
1757 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1758 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1759 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
1760 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
1761 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1762 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1763 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
1764 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
1765 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
1766 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1767 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
1768 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
1769 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
1770 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
1771 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
1772 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
1773 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
1774 certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1775 else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
1776 certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
1777 else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
1780 fatal("Empty force-command option");
1781 if (certflags_command != NULL)
1782 fatal("force-command already specified");
1783 certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
1784 } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
1787 fatal("Empty source-address option");
1788 if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
1789 fatal("source-address already specified");
1790 if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
1791 fatal("Invalid source-address list");
1792 certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
1794 fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
1798 show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
1800 u_char *name, *data;
1802 Buffer options, option;
1804 buffer_init(&options);
1805 buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
1807 buffer_init(&option);
1808 while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
1809 name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
1810 data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
1811 buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
1812 printf(" %s", name);
1813 if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
1814 (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
1815 strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
1816 strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
1817 strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
1818 strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
1820 else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
1821 (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
1822 strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
1823 data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
1824 printf(" %s\n", data);
1827 printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
1828 buffer_len(&option));
1829 buffer_clear(&option);
1832 if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
1833 fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
1835 buffer_free(&option);
1836 buffer_free(&options);
1840 do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
1844 char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
1848 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
1849 if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
1850 fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
1851 if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
1852 fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
1853 if (!key_is_cert(key))
1854 fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
1855 v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
1857 key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1858 ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
1859 SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
1861 printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
1862 printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
1863 key_cert_type(key));
1864 printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
1865 printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
1866 key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
1867 printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
1869 printf(" Serial: %llu\n",
1870 (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
1872 printf(" Valid: %s\n",
1873 fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
1874 printf(" Principals: ");
1875 if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
1878 for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
1880 key->cert->principals[i]);
1883 printf(" Critical Options: ");
1884 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
1888 show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
1891 printf(" Extensions: ");
1892 if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
1896 show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
1903 load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp)
1908 buffer_init(&krlbuf);
1909 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1910 fatal("open %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1911 if (!key_load_file(fd, path, &krlbuf))
1912 fatal("Unable to load KRL");
1914 /* XXX check sigs */
1915 if (ssh_krl_from_blob(&krlbuf, krlp, NULL, 0) != 0 ||
1917 fatal("Invalid KRL file");
1918 buffer_free(&krlbuf);
1922 update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, const Key *ca,
1923 struct ssh_krl *krl)
1927 char *path, *cp, *ep, line[SSH_MAX_PUBKEY_BYTES];
1928 unsigned long long serial, serial2;
1929 int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, r;
1932 path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid);
1933 if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) {
1936 path = xstrdup("(standard input)");
1937 } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
1938 fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
1941 printf("Revoking from %s\n", path);
1942 while (read_keyfile_line(krl_spec, path, line, sizeof(line),
1944 was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = 0;
1945 cp = line + strspn(line, " \t");
1946 /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */
1947 for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) {
1948 if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') {
1952 if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') {
1953 /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */
1963 if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) {
1965 fatal("revoking certificated by serial number "
1966 "requires specification of a CA key");
1969 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
1971 serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1972 if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-'))
1973 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1975 if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX)
1976 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
1982 serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0);
1983 if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0')
1984 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"",
1986 if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX)
1987 fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range",
1989 if (serial2 <= serial)
1990 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range "
1991 "%llu:%llu", path, lnum,
1992 (unsigned long long)serial,
1993 (unsigned long long)serial2);
1995 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl,
1996 ca, serial, serial2) != 0) {
1997 fatal("%s: revoke serial failed",
2000 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) {
2002 fatal("revoking certificated by key ID "
2003 "requires specification of a CA key");
2006 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2007 if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0)
2008 fatal("%s: revoke key ID failed", __func__);
2010 if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) {
2012 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2013 was_explicit_key = 1;
2014 } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) {
2016 cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t");
2020 * Just try to process the line as a key.
2021 * Parsing will fail if it isn't.
2024 if ((key = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL)
2026 if (key_read(key, &cp) != 1)
2027 fatal("%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum);
2028 if (was_explicit_key)
2029 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key);
2031 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, key);
2033 r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key);
2035 fatal("%s: revoke key failed", __func__);
2039 if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0)
2044 do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, int argc, char **argv)
2046 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2053 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2054 fatal("KRL generation requires an output file");
2055 if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) {
2056 if (errno != ENOENT)
2057 fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s",
2058 identity_file, strerror(errno));
2060 fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file);
2062 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2063 tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
2064 if ((ca = key_load_public(tmp, NULL)) == NULL)
2065 fatal("Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp);
2070 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2071 else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL)
2072 fatal("couldn't create KRL");
2074 if (cert_serial != 0)
2075 ssh_krl_set_version(krl, cert_serial);
2076 if (identity_comment != NULL)
2077 ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, identity_comment);
2079 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2080 update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], ca, krl);
2083 if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, &kbuf, NULL, 0) != 0)
2084 fatal("Couldn't generate KRL");
2085 if ((fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
2086 fatal("open %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2087 if (atomicio(vwrite, fd, buffer_ptr(&kbuf), buffer_len(&kbuf)) !=
2089 fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno));
2096 do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
2100 struct ssh_krl *krl;
2103 if (*identity_file == '\0')
2104 fatal("KRL checking requires an input file");
2105 load_krl(identity_file, &krl);
2106 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2107 if ((k = key_load_public(argv[i], &comment)) == NULL)
2108 fatal("Cannot load public key %s", argv[i]);
2109 r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k);
2110 printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i],
2111 *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "",
2112 r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED");
2125 fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
2126 fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
2127 fprintf(stderr, " -A Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
2128 fprintf(stderr, " -a trials Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2129 fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
2130 fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
2131 fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n");
2132 fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
2133 #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
2134 fprintf(stderr, " -D pkcs11 Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
2136 fprintf(stderr, " -e Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
2137 fprintf(stderr, " -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
2138 fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
2139 fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2140 fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
2141 fprintf(stderr, " -H Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
2142 fprintf(stderr, " -h Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
2143 fprintf(stderr, " -I key_id Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
2144 fprintf(stderr, " -i Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
2145 fprintf(stderr, " -J number Screen this number of moduli lines.\n");
2146 fprintf(stderr, " -j number Start screening moduli at specified line.\n");
2147 fprintf(stderr, " -K checkpt Write checkpoints to this file.\n");
2148 fprintf(stderr, " -k Generate a KRL file.\n");
2149 fprintf(stderr, " -L Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
2150 fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
2151 fprintf(stderr, " -M memory Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2152 fprintf(stderr, " -m key_fmt Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
2153 fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n");
2154 fprintf(stderr, " -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
2155 fprintf(stderr, " -O option Specify a certificate option.\n");
2156 fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n");
2157 fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
2158 fprintf(stderr, " -Q Test whether key(s) are revoked in KRL.\n");
2159 fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n");
2160 fprintf(stderr, " -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
2161 fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
2162 fprintf(stderr, " -S start Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2163 fprintf(stderr, " -s ca_key Certify keys with CA key.\n");
2164 fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2165 fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n");
2166 fprintf(stderr, " -u Update KRL rather than creating a new one.\n");
2167 fprintf(stderr, " -V from:to Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
2168 fprintf(stderr, " -v Verbose.\n");
2169 fprintf(stderr, " -W gen Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
2170 fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n");
2171 fprintf(stderr, " -z serial Specify a serial number.\n");
2177 * Main program for key management.
2180 main(int argc, char **argv)
2182 char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
2183 char *checkpoint = NULL;
2184 char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *ep, *rr_hostname = NULL;
2185 Key *private, *public;
2189 u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
2190 int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
2191 int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0;
2192 unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
2193 BIGNUM *start = NULL;
2198 extern char *optarg;
2200 /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
2203 __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
2205 OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
2206 log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2210 /* we need this for the home * directory. */
2211 pw = getpwuid(getuid());
2213 printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
2216 if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
2217 perror("gethostname");
2221 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHLQXceghiklpquvxy"
2222 "C:D:F:G:I:J:K:M:N:O:P:R:S:T:V:W:a:b:f:g:j:m:n:r:s:t:z:")) != -1) {
2225 gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
2228 bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
2230 fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
2235 rr_hostname = optarg;
2241 cert_key_id = optarg;
2244 lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2247 start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
2251 rr_hostname = optarg;
2257 print_fingerprint = 1;
2260 print_bubblebabble = 1;
2263 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
2264 strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
2265 convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
2268 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
2269 convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
2272 if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
2273 convert_format = FMT_PEM;
2276 fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
2278 cert_principals = optarg;
2281 change_passphrase = 1;
2287 if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
2288 sizeof(identity_file))
2289 fatal("Identity filename too long");
2296 identity_passphrase = optarg;
2299 identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
2305 add_cert_option(optarg);
2308 identity_comment = optarg;
2319 cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
2320 certflags_flags = 0;
2334 ca_key_path = optarg;
2337 key_type_name = optarg;
2340 pkcs11provider = optarg;
2346 if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
2347 log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
2349 if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
2350 log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
2355 rr_hostname = optarg;
2358 generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
2361 fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
2365 trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2367 fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
2371 memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
2373 fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
2376 do_gen_candidates = 1;
2377 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2379 fatal("Output filename too long");
2382 do_screen_candidates = 1;
2383 if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
2385 fatal("Output filename too long");
2388 if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
2389 fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
2390 checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
2393 /* XXX - also compare length against bits */
2394 if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
2395 fatal("Invalid start point.");
2398 parse_cert_times(optarg);
2402 cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
2403 if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
2404 (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
2405 fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
2414 log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
2419 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2420 if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) {
2421 printf("Too few arguments.\n");
2424 } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl) {
2425 printf("Too many arguments.\n");
2428 if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
2429 printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
2432 if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
2433 printf("Cannot use -l with -H or -R.\n");
2437 do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, argc, argv);
2441 do_check_krl(pw, argc, argv);
2444 if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
2445 if (cert_key_id == NULL)
2446 fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
2447 do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
2451 if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
2452 do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
2453 if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
2455 if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
2457 if (change_passphrase)
2458 do_change_passphrase(pw);
2460 do_change_comment(pw);
2464 do_convert_from(pw);
2466 do_print_public(pw);
2467 if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
2470 if (have_identity) {
2471 n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
2472 identity_file, rr_hostname);
2474 perror(identity_file);
2480 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2481 _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2482 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2483 _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2484 n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
2485 _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
2488 fatal("no keys found.");
2493 if (do_gen_candidates) {
2494 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
2497 error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
2498 out_file, strerror(errno));
2502 bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
2503 if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
2504 fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
2509 if (do_screen_candidates) {
2511 FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "a");
2513 if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
2514 if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
2515 fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
2516 "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
2523 fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
2524 out_file, strerror(errno));
2526 if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted, checkpoint,
2527 start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
2528 fatal("modulus screening failed");
2532 if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
2533 do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
2539 if (key_type_name == NULL)
2540 key_type_name = "rsa";
2542 type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
2543 type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
2546 printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
2547 private = key_generate(type, bits);
2548 if (private == NULL) {
2549 fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
2552 public = key_from_private(private);
2555 ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
2557 /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
2558 snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
2559 pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
2560 if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
2561 if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
2562 if (errno != ENOENT) {
2563 error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
2565 } else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
2566 error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
2567 dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
2569 printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
2572 /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
2573 if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
2575 printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
2576 printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
2578 if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
2580 if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
2583 /* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
2584 if (identity_passphrase)
2585 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
2586 else if (identity_new_passphrase)
2587 passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
2591 read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
2592 "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
2593 passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
2595 if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
2597 * The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
2600 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2601 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2604 printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
2605 goto passphrase_again;
2607 /* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
2608 memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
2612 if (identity_comment) {
2613 strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
2615 /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
2616 snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
2619 /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
2620 if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
2621 printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
2622 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2626 /* Clear the passphrase. */
2627 memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
2630 /* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
2635 printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
2637 strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
2638 fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
2640 printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
2643 f = fdopen(fd, "w");
2645 printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
2648 if (!key_write(public, f))
2649 fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
2650 fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
2654 char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
2655 char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
2657 printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
2659 printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
2660 printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
2661 printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");