2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static const char copyright[] =
42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
56 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
84 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */
85 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
86 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
87 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
88 int Rflag; /* regression test */
89 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
90 int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */
91 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
92 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
93 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
94 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
95 int tflag; /* enable TRIM */
96 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */
97 off_t mediasize; /* device size */
98 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
99 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
100 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
101 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
102 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
103 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
104 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
105 int metaspace; /* space held for metadata blocks */
106 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
107 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
108 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
109 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
110 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
111 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
112 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
113 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
115 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
116 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE];
117 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */
119 static char *disktype;
120 static int unlabeled;
122 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
123 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
124 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp);
125 static void usage(void);
126 static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num);
128 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
131 main(int argc, char *argv[])
133 struct partition *pp;
134 struct disklabel *lp;
135 struct partition oldpartition;
140 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */
144 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
145 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
154 volumelabel = optarg;
156 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
157 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
158 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
160 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
161 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
170 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
171 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
178 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize);
179 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0)
180 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
187 /* fall through to enable soft updates */
195 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig);
196 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0)
197 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
201 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize);
203 errx(1, "%s: bad block size",
205 if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
206 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
208 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
209 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
213 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg);
214 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0)
215 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
219 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize);
220 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE)
221 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
224 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg);
225 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0)
226 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
230 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize);
231 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0)
232 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
235 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize);
236 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0)
237 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
240 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir);
241 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0)
242 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
245 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density);
246 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0)
247 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
253 if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
254 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg);
256 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */
260 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
261 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
267 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
269 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
273 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
278 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
279 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
280 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
281 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
285 part_name = optarg[0];
290 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
291 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
292 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
293 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
310 err(1, "empty file/special name");
311 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
314 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
316 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
321 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
322 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
324 disk.d_name = special;
325 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
327 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
328 errx(1, "%s: ", special);
329 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
330 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
331 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
332 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
334 err(1, "%s", special);
336 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
337 err(1, "%s", special);
338 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
339 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
340 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */
344 mediasize = st.st_size;
345 /* set fssize from the partition */
348 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1)
349 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */
350 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
351 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
354 lp = getdisklabel(special);
356 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
357 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
358 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
360 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
366 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
369 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
372 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
374 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
376 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
380 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
382 part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
385 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
387 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
389 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
390 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
391 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
392 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
395 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
396 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
397 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
399 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
402 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
406 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
407 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
408 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
409 rewritelabel(special, lp);
411 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
414 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0)
415 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs");
420 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
424 available = disksize - reserved;
426 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
430 else if (*fsz > available)
431 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
436 getdisklabel(char *s)
438 static struct disklabel lab;
439 struct disklabel *lp;
442 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
443 err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
444 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
445 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
446 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
447 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
448 errx(1, "no valid label found");
454 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1)
458 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
466 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp)
471 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
473 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ +
474 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp);
475 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
476 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
477 errx(1, "cannot write label");
480 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1)
481 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
488 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
491 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n");
493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
496 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
497 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
498 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n");
499 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
500 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
501 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
502 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
503 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
504 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
505 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
506 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
507 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
508 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
509 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
510 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n");
512 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n");
513 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
514 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
515 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
516 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
517 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
518 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
519 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
520 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n");
525 expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num)
530 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64);
533 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) {