2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24 * without specific prior written permission.
26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 static const char copyright[] =
42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
56 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
82 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */
83 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
84 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
85 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
86 int Rflag; /* regression test */
87 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
88 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
89 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */
90 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */
91 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */
92 int tflag; /* enable TRIM */
93 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */
94 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
95 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
96 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
97 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
98 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */
99 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
100 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
101 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
102 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
103 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
104 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
105 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
106 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
107 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
108 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */
110 static char device[MAXPATHLEN];
111 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE];
112 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */
114 static char *disktype;
115 static int unlabeled;
117 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
118 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
119 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp);
120 static void usage(void);
122 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
125 main(int argc, char *argv[])
127 struct partition *pp;
128 struct disklabel *lp;
129 struct partition oldpartition;
135 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */
139 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
140 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
149 volumelabel = optarg;
151 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
152 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
153 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
155 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
156 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
165 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
166 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
173 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
174 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
186 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
187 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
191 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
192 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
194 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
195 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
199 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
200 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
204 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
205 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
208 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
209 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
213 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
214 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
217 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
218 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
221 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
222 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
225 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
226 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
232 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
233 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
239 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
241 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
245 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
250 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
251 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
252 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
253 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
257 part_name = optarg[0];
262 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
263 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
264 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
265 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
282 err(1, "empty file/special name");
283 cp = strrchr(special, '/');
286 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
288 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
293 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
294 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
296 disk.d_name = special;
297 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
299 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
300 errx(1, "%s: ", special);
301 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
302 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
303 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
304 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
306 err(1, "%s", special);
308 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
309 err(1, "%s", special);
310 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
311 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
312 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */
316 mediasize = st.st_size;
317 /* set fssize from the partition */
320 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1)
321 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */
322 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
323 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
326 lp = getdisklabel(special);
328 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
329 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
330 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
332 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
336 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
338 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
341 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
343 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
344 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
346 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
348 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
352 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
354 part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
357 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
359 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
361 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
362 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
363 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
364 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
367 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
368 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
369 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
371 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
374 pp->p_size *= secperblk;
378 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
379 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
380 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
381 rewritelabel(special, lp);
383 ufs_disk_close(&disk);
388 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
392 available = disksize - reserved;
394 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
398 else if (*fsz > available)
399 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
404 getdisklabel(char *s)
406 static struct disklabel lab;
407 struct disklabel *lp;
410 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
411 err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
412 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
413 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
414 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
415 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
416 errx(1, "no valid label found");
422 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1)
426 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
434 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp)
439 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
441 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ +
442 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp);
443 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
444 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
445 errx(1, "cannot write label");
448 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1)
449 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
456 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
459 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
460 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n");
461 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
462 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
464 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
465 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
466 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n");
467 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
468 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
469 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n");