2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18 * without specific prior written permission.
20 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
50 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
61 * More statistics could always be gathered.
62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/socket.h>
67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <netinet/in.h>
72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
94 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
95 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
96 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
97 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
98 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
99 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
100 /* runs out of buffer space */
101 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
102 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
103 #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */
104 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
107 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
108 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
109 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
110 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
111 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
118 /* various options */
120 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
121 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
122 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
123 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
124 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
125 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
126 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
127 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
128 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
129 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
130 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
131 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
133 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
136 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
140 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
141 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
142 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
143 #define F_MASK 0x80000
144 #define F_TIME 0x100000
145 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
146 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000
149 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
150 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
151 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
153 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
157 struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
160 int s; /* socket file descriptor */
161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
162 char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
163 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
167 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
168 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
175 long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
176 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
177 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
178 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
179 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
180 long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
181 long snreceived; /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
182 long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
183 int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
184 int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
185 int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
186 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
187 int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */
188 long nrcvtimeout = 0; /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
191 int timing; /* flag to do timing */
192 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
193 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
194 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
195 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
200 static void fill(char *, char *);
201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
202 static void check_status(void);
203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
204 static void pinger(void);
205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
211 static void status(int);
212 static void stopit(int);
213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
217 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
219 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
220 struct in_addr ifaddr;
221 struct timeval last, intvl;
225 struct sigaction si_sa;
227 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
228 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
230 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
231 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
233 struct sockaddr_in *to;
235 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
236 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
238 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
239 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
241 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
243 unsigned char loop, mttl;
245 payload = source = NULL;
246 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
247 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
251 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
252 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
255 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
261 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
263 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
264 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
265 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
267 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
269 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
278 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
281 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
282 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
284 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
289 options |= F_HDRINCL;
293 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
298 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
301 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
303 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
304 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
305 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
306 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
308 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
311 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
317 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
318 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
319 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
320 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
322 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
325 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
331 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
332 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
333 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
334 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
336 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
339 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
345 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
346 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
348 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
352 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
353 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
354 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
355 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
357 options |= F_INTERVAL;
359 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
361 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
369 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
370 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
372 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
375 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
390 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
395 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
396 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
397 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
402 options |= F_NUMERIC;
408 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
411 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
412 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
413 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
414 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
416 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
418 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
420 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
421 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
434 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
439 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
440 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
441 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
442 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
444 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
447 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
452 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
453 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
454 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
455 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
461 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
462 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
463 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
465 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
466 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
468 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
471 options |= F_VERBOSE;
473 case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */
474 t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
475 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
476 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
478 options |= F_WAITTIME;
482 options |= F_HDRINCL;
483 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
484 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
485 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
493 if (argc - optind != 1)
495 target = argv[optind];
497 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
500 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
501 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
503 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
504 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
507 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
508 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
510 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
511 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
514 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
517 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
518 if (options & F_RROUTE)
519 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
520 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
521 if (datalen > maxpayload)
522 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
524 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
525 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
526 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
527 fill((char *)datap, payload);
530 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
531 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
532 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
535 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
537 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
538 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
540 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
541 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
543 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
544 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
545 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
546 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
547 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
548 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
549 shostname = snamebuf;
551 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
555 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
557 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
558 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
559 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
562 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
564 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
565 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
567 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
568 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
569 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
570 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
571 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
575 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
576 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
578 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
580 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
581 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
582 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
584 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
586 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
589 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
590 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
593 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
597 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
600 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
601 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
603 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
604 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
607 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
608 if (options & F_POLICY) {
610 if (policy_in != NULL) {
611 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
613 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
614 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
615 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
617 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
621 if (policy_out != NULL) {
622 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
624 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
625 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
626 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
628 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
632 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
635 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
636 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
637 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
641 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
643 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
644 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
646 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
647 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
648 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
651 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
653 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
654 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
655 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
657 /* record route option */
658 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
660 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
661 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
662 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
663 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
664 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
665 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
667 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
670 "record route not available in this implementation");
671 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
674 if (options & F_TTL) {
675 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
677 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
680 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
681 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
683 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
686 if (options & F_MTTL) {
687 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
689 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
692 if (options & F_MIF) {
693 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
694 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
695 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
700 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
701 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
705 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
706 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
708 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
709 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
712 snpackets = npackets;
717 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
719 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
720 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
723 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
724 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
725 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
726 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
727 * or multicast pings if they wish.
731 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
734 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
735 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
738 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
741 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
742 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
743 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
745 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
747 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
750 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
754 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
755 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
757 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
761 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
762 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
765 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
768 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
769 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
770 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
773 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
774 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
775 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
778 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
779 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
780 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
781 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
784 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
785 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
789 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
791 iov.iov_base = packet;
792 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
795 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
797 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
799 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
802 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
804 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
806 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
808 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
809 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
814 struct timeval now, timeout;
819 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
820 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
823 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
824 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
825 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
826 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
827 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
830 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
831 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
834 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
835 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
836 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
838 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
840 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
842 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
844 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
846 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
847 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
854 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
855 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
856 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
857 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
858 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
863 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
866 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
867 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
868 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
871 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
872 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
873 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
875 datalen += sweepincr;
876 if (datalen > sweepmax)
878 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
881 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
889 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
893 intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
894 intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
897 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
898 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
899 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
900 if (options & F_MISSED)
901 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
907 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
912 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
913 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
914 * to be called from a signal handler.
917 stopit(int sig __unused)
921 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
922 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
924 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
925 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
931 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
932 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
933 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
934 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
935 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
948 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
949 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
952 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
953 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
955 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
957 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
958 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
960 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
961 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
962 if (options & F_TIME)
963 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
964 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
967 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
971 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
973 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
974 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
976 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
977 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
978 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
980 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
983 i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
986 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
988 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
989 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
994 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1000 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1001 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1006 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
1007 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1008 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
1009 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1012 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1020 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1021 static int old_rrlen;
1022 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1024 /* Check the IP header */
1025 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1026 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1028 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1029 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1030 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1031 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1035 /* Now the ICMP part */
1037 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1038 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1039 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1040 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1049 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1051 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1053 if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1054 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1055 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1056 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1057 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1059 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1060 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1062 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1063 if (triptime < tmin)
1065 if (triptime > tmax)
1071 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1073 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1078 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1082 if (options & F_QUIET)
1085 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1090 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1091 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1093 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1094 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1096 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1098 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1100 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1101 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1102 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1103 if (options & F_MASK) {
1104 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1105 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1106 pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1108 if (options & F_TIME) {
1109 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1110 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1111 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1113 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1115 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1116 recv_len, send_len);
1118 /* check the data */
1119 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1120 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1121 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1123 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1129 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1131 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1133 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1134 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1135 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1137 (void)printf("\n\t");
1138 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1140 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1141 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1142 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1144 (void)printf("\n\t");
1145 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1153 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1154 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1155 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1156 * and ICMP type and ID.
1158 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1159 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1160 * available to those not running as root.
1163 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1165 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1167 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1169 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1170 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1171 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1172 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1173 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1174 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1175 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1176 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1182 /* Display any IP options */
1183 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1185 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1192 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1193 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1194 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1197 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1198 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1200 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1201 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1202 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1204 (void)printf("\t%s",
1207 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1211 (void)putchar('\n');
1214 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1217 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1218 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1223 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1224 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1229 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1230 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1231 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1237 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1238 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1239 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1240 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1242 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1243 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1244 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1246 (void)printf("\t%s",
1249 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1253 (void)putchar('\n');
1256 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1259 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1262 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1265 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1266 (void)putchar('\n');
1267 (void)fflush(stdout);
1273 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1276 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1291 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1292 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1293 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1300 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1302 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1307 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1308 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1309 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1310 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1316 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1320 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1323 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1325 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1327 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1332 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1336 status(int sig __unused)
1348 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1349 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1350 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1351 if (nreceived && timing)
1352 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1353 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1354 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1360 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1366 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1367 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1368 (void)putchar('\n');
1369 (void)fflush(stdout);
1370 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1371 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1372 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1374 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1376 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1377 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1379 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1380 ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1384 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1385 (void)putchar('\n');
1386 if (nreceived && timing) {
1387 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1388 double avg = tsum / n;
1389 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1391 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1392 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1402 static char *ttab[] = {
1403 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1404 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1405 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1406 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1408 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1409 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1410 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1411 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1412 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1413 "Info Reply" /* " */
1419 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1422 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1425 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1426 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1427 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1428 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1431 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1432 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1433 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1435 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1436 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1438 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1439 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1441 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1442 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1444 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1445 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1446 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1448 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1449 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1451 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1452 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1455 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1459 /* Print returned IP header information */
1461 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1463 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1466 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1467 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1469 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1471 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1475 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1476 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1477 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1479 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1480 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1482 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1483 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1485 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1486 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1489 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1492 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1494 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1496 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1500 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1501 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1504 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1505 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1506 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1508 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1509 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1512 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1517 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1519 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1522 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1523 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1524 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1526 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1528 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1532 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1533 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1535 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1536 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1537 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1540 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1543 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1544 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1548 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1550 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1551 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1553 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1554 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1556 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1557 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1560 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1566 * Print an IP header with options.
1569 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1574 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1575 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1577 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1578 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1579 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1581 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1582 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1583 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1584 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1586 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1587 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1588 /* dump any option bytes */
1589 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1590 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1592 (void)putchar('\n');
1597 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1601 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1604 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1606 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1607 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1608 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1610 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1617 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1620 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1626 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1627 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1630 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1631 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1632 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1633 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1634 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1638 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1640 static char buf[10];
1643 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1644 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1645 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1646 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1648 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1654 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1660 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1663 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1667 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1668 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1669 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1670 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1673 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1674 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1675 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1676 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1677 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1678 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1679 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1684 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1685 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1693 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1694 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1695 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1696 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1697 " [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1698 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1699 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1700 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1701 " [-z tos] mcast-group");