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27 .Dd September 11, 2014
32 .Nd system configuration information
36 contains descriptive information about the local host name, configuration
37 details for any potential network interfaces and which services should be
38 started up at system initial boot time.
39 In new installations, the
41 file is generally initialized by the system installation utility.
45 is not to run commands or perform system startup actions
47 Instead, it is included by the
48 various generic startup scripts in
50 which conditionalize their
51 internal actions according to the settings found there.
55 file is included from the file
56 .Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf ,
57 which specifies the default settings for all the available options.
58 Options need only be specified in
60 when the system administrator wishes to override these defaults.
62 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
63 is used to override settings in
65 for historical reasons.
68 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
69 you can also place smaller configuration files for each
74 .Ao Ar dir Ac Ns Pa /rc.conf.d
75 directories specified in
77 which will be included by the
80 For jail configurations you could use the file
81 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.d/jail
82 to store jail specific configuration options.
86 .Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d
89 .Pa /usr/local/rc.conf.d/jail
91 .Pa /opt/conf/rc.conf.d/jail
94 .Ao Ar dir Ac Ns Pa /rc.conf.d/ Ns Ao Ar name Ac
96 all of files in the directory will be loaded.
102 .Dq Ar name Ns Li = Ns Ar value
106 The following list provides a name and short description for each
107 variable that can be set in the
110 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
115 enable output of debug messages from rc scripts.
116 This variable can be helpful in diagnosing mistakes when
117 editing or integrating new scripts.
118 Beware that this produces copious output to the terminal and
124 disable informational messages from the rc scripts.
125 Informational messages are displayed when
126 a condition that is not serious enough to warrant a warning or
134 when faststart is used (e.g., at boot time).
135 .It Va early_late_divider
137 The name of the script that should be used as the
138 delimiter between the
142 stages of the boot process.
143 The early stage should contain all the services needed to
144 get the disks (local or remote) mounted so that the late
145 stage can include scripts contained in the directories
148 variable (see below).
149 Thus, the two likely candidates for this value are
151 for the typical system, and
153 if the system needs remote file
154 systems mounted to get access to the
156 directories; for example when
164 is likely to be an appropriate value.
165 Extreme care should be taken when changing this value,
166 and before changing it one should ensure that there are
167 adequate provisions to recover from a failed boot
168 (such as physical contact with the machine,
169 or reliable remote console access).
170 .It Va always_force_depends
174 scripts use the force_depend function to check whether required
175 services are already running, and to start them if necessary.
176 By default during boot time this check is bypassed if the
177 required service is enabled in
178 .Pa /etc/rc.conf[.local] .
179 Setting this option will bypass that check at boot time and
180 always test whether or not the service is actually running.
181 Enabling this option is likely to increase your boot time if
182 services are enabled that utilize the force_depend check.
183 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _chroot
186 to this directory before running the service.
187 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _user
189 Run the service under this user account.
190 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _group
192 Run the chrooted service under this system group. Unlike the _user
193 setting, this setting has no effect if the service is not chrooted.
194 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _fib
198 value to run the service under.
199 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _nice
203 value to run the service under.
208 enable support for Automatic Power Management with
216 to handle APM event from userland.
217 This also enables support for APM.
224 these are the flags to pass to the
231 to handle device added, removed or unknown events from the kernel.
238 scripts at boot time.
241 Configuration file for
247 A list of kernel modules to load right after the local
249 Loading modules at this point in the boot process is
250 much faster than doing it via
251 .Pa /boot/loader.conf
252 for those modules not necessary for mounting local disk.
253 .It Va kldxref_enable
260 to automatically rebuild
265 .It Va kldxref_clobber
275 will overwrite existing
282 .It Va kldxref_module_path
287 delimited list of paths containing
299 enable the system power control facility with the
308 these are the flags to pass to the
312 Controls the creation of a
315 Always happens if set to
317 and never happens if set to
319 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
323 Controls the size of a created
327 Extra options passed to the
329 utility when the memory file system for
334 which inhibits the use of softupdates on
336 so that file system space is freed without delay
337 after file truncation or deletion.
340 for other options you can use in
343 Controls the creation of a
346 Always happens if set to
348 and never happens if set to
350 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
354 Controls the size of a created
358 Extra options passed to the
360 utility when the memory file system for
365 which inhibits the use of softupdates on
367 so that file system space is freed without delay
368 after file truncation or deletion.
371 for other options you can use in
374 Controls the automatic population of the
377 Always happens if set to
379 and never happens if set to
381 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
384 Note that this process requires access to certain commands in
388 is mounted on normal systems.
389 .It Va cleanvar_enable
396 List of directories to search for startup script files.
397 .It Va script_name_sep
399 The field separator to use for breaking down the list of startup script files
400 into individual filenames.
401 The default is a space.
402 It is not necessary to change this unless there are startup scripts with names
404 .It Va hostapd_enable
413 The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of this host on the network.
414 This should almost certainly be set to something meaningful, even if
415 there is no network connection.
418 is used to set the hostname via DHCP,
419 this variable should be set to an empty string.
420 If this value remains unset when the system is done booting
421 your console login will display the default hostname of
425 The NIS domain name of this host, or
428 .It Va dhclient_program
430 Path to the DHCP client program
431 .Pa ( /sbin/dhclient ,
436 .It Va dhclient_flags
438 Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program.
443 manpage for a description of the command line options available.
444 .It Va dhclient_flags_ Ns Aq Ar iface
445 Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program running on
448 When specified, this variable overrides
450 .It Va background_dhclient
454 to start the DHCP client in background.
455 This can cause trouble with applications depending on
456 a working network, but it will provide a faster startup
458 .It Va background_dhclient_ Ns Aq Ar iface
459 When specified, this variable overrides the
460 .Va background_dhclient
461 variable for interface
464 .It Va synchronous_dhclient
470 synchronously at startup.
471 This behavior can be overridden on a per-interface basis by replacing
475 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
480 .It Va defaultroute_delay
482 When set to a positive value, wait up to this long after configuring
483 DHCP interfaces at startup to give the interfaces time to receive a lease.
484 .It Va firewall_enable
488 to load firewall rules at startup.
489 If the kernel was not built with
490 .Cd "options IPFIREWALL" ,
493 kernel module will be loaded.
495 .Va ipfilter_enable .
496 .It Va firewall_script
498 This variable specifies the full path to the firewall script to run.
500 .Pa /etc/rc.firewall .
503 Names the firewall type from the selection in
504 .Pa /etc/rc.firewall ,
505 or the file which contains the local firewall ruleset.
506 Valid selections from
510 .Bl -tag -width ".Li simple" -compact
512 unrestricted IP access
514 all IP services disabled, except via
517 basic protection for a workstation
519 basic protection for a LAN.
522 If a filename is specified, the full path
524 .It Va firewall_quiet
528 to disable the display of firewall rules on the console during boot.
529 .It Va firewall_logging
533 to enable firewall event logging.
534 This is equivalent to the
535 .Dv IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
537 .It Va firewall_logif
541 to create pseudo interface
544 For more details, see
547 .It Va firewall_flags
553 specifies a filename.
554 .It Va firewall_coscripts
556 List of executables and/or rc scripts to run after firewall starts/stops.
558 .\" ----- firewall_nat_enable setting --------------------------------
559 .It Va firewall_nat_enable
571 .It Va firewall_nat_interface
577 This is the name of the public interface or IP address on which
578 kernel NAT should run.
579 .It Va firewall_nat_flags
581 Additional configuration parameters for kernel NAT should be placed here.
582 .It Va dummynet_enable
586 will automatically load the
592 .\" -------------------------------------------------------------------
608 sockets must be enabled in the kernel.
609 If the kernel was not built with
610 .Cd "options IPDIVERT" ,
613 kernel module will be loaded.
614 .It Va natd_interface
616 This is the name of the public interface on which
619 The interface may be given as an interface name or as an IP address.
624 flags should be placed here.
629 flag is automatically added with the above
632 .\" ----- ipfilter_enable setting --------------------------------
633 .It Va ipfilter_enable
644 Typical usage will require putting
646 ipfilter_enable="YES"
664 can be enabled independently.
668 both require at least one of
678 options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK
681 in the kernel configuration file is a good idea, too.
682 .\" ----- ipfilter_program setting ------------------------------
683 .It Va ipfilter_program
689 .\" ----- ipfilter_rules setting --------------------------------
690 .It Va ipfilter_rules
695 This variable contains the name of the filter rule definition file.
696 The file is expected to be readable for the
699 .\" ----- ipv6_ipfilter_rules setting ---------------------------
700 .It Va ipv6_ipfilter_rules
705 This variable contains the IPv6 filter rule definition file.
706 The file is expected to be readable for the
709 .\" ----- ipfilter_flags setting --------------------------------
710 .It Va ipfilter_flags
713 This variable contains flags passed to the
716 .\" ----- ipnat_enable setting ----------------------------------
726 network address translation.
729 for a detailed discussion.
730 .\" ----- ipnat_program setting ---------------------------------
737 .\" ----- ipnat_rules setting -----------------------------------
743 This variable contains the name of the file
744 holding the network address translation definition.
745 This file is expected to be readable for the
748 .\" ----- ipnat_flags setting -----------------------------------
752 This variable contains flags passed to the
755 .\" ----- ipmon_enable setting ----------------------------------
770 Setting this variable needs setting
777 for a detailed discussion.
778 .\" ----- ipmon_program setting ---------------------------------
785 .\" ----- ipmon_flags setting -----------------------------------
791 This variable contains flags passed to the
794 Another typical example would be
795 .Dq Fl D Pa /var/log/ipflog
798 log directly to a file bypassing
801 .Pa /etc/newsyslog.conf
802 in such case like this:
804 /var/log/ipflog 640 10 100 * Z /var/run/ipmon.pid
806 .\" ----- ipfs_enable setting -----------------------------------
816 saving the filter and NAT state tables during shutdown
817 and reloading them during startup again.
818 Setting this variable needs setting
827 for a detailed discussion.
833 because the raised securelevel will prevent
835 from saving the state tables at shutdown time.
836 .\" ----- ipfs_program setting ----------------------------------
843 .\" ----- ipfs_flags setting ------------------------------------
847 This variable contains flags passed to the
850 .\" ----- end of added ipf hook ---------------------------------
862 Typical usage will require putting
877 into the kernel, otherwise the
878 kernel module will be loaded.
883 ruleset configuration file
898 these flags are passed to the
900 program when loading the ruleset.
910 which logs packets from the
923 .Pa /var/log/pflog ) .
925 .Pa /etc/newsyslog.conf
926 to adjust logfile rotation for this.
936 This variable contains additional flags passed to the
939 .It Va pflog_instances
941 If logging to more than one
943 interface is desired,
945 is set to the list of
947 instances that should be started at system boot time. If
949 is set, for each whitespace-seperated
952 .Ao Ar element Ac Ns Va _dev
954 .Ao Ar element Ac Ns Va _logfile
955 elements are assumed to exist.
956 .Ao Ar element Ac Ns Va _dev
959 interface to be watched by the named
962 .Ao Ar element Ac Ns Va _logfile
963 must contain the name of the logfile that will be used by the
966 .It Va ftpproxy_enable
977 packet filter in translating ftp connections.
978 .It Va ftpproxy_flags
981 This variable contains additional flags passed to the
984 .It Va ftpproxy_instances
986 Empty by default. If multiple instances of
988 are desired at boot time,
989 .Va ftpproxy_instances
990 should contain a whitespace-seperated list of instance names. For each
992 in the list, a variable named
993 .Ao Ar element Ac Ns Va _flags
994 should be defined, containing the command-line flags to be passed to the
1006 state changes to other hosts over the network by means of
1011 must also be set then.
1012 .It Va pfsync_syncdev
1015 This variable specifies the name of the network interface
1017 should operate through.
1018 It must be set accordingly if
1022 .It Va pfsync_syncpeer
1025 This variable is optional.
1026 By default, state change messages are sent out on the synchronisation
1027 interface using IP multicast packets.
1028 The protocol is IP protocol 240, PFSYNC, and the multicast group used is
1030 When a peer address is specified using the
1032 option, the peer address is used as a destination for the pfsync
1033 traffic, and the traffic can then be protected using
1037 manpage for more details about using
1042 .It Va pfsync_ifconfig
1045 This variable can contain additional options to be passed to the
1047 command used to set up
1049 .It Va tcp_extensions
1056 disables certain TCP options as described by
1062 might help remedy such problems with connections as randomly hanging
1063 or other weird behavior.
1064 Some network devices are known
1065 to be broken with respect to these options.
1068 Set to 0 by default.
1072 .Va net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain
1074 .Va net.inet.udp.log_in_vain ,
1079 are set to the given value.
1080 .It Va tcp_keepalive
1087 will disable probing idle TCP connections to verify that the
1088 peer is still up and reachable.
1089 .It Va tcp_drop_synfin
1096 will cause the kernel to ignore TCP frames that have both
1097 the SYN and FIN flags set.
1098 This prevents OS fingerprinting, but may
1099 break some legitimate applications.
1100 .It Va icmp_drop_redirect
1107 will cause the kernel to ignore ICMP REDIRECT packets.
1110 for more information.
1111 .It Va icmp_log_redirect
1118 will cause the kernel to log ICMP REDIRECT packets.
1120 the log messages are not rate-limited, so this option should only be used
1121 for troubleshooting networks.
1124 for more information.
1125 .It Va icmp_bmcastecho
1129 to respond to broadcast or multicast ICMP ping packets.
1132 for more information.
1133 .It Va ip_portrange_first
1137 this is the first port in the default portrange.
1140 for more information.
1141 .It Va ip_portrange_last
1145 this is the last port in the default portrange.
1148 for more information.
1149 .It Va network_interfaces
1151 Set to the list of network interfaces to configure on this host or
1153 (the default) for all current interfaces.
1155 .Va network_interfaces
1156 variable to anything other than the default is deprecated.
1157 Interfaces that the administrator wishes to store configuration for,
1158 but not start at boot should be configured with the
1161 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1162 variables as described below.
1165 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1166 variable is also assumed to exist for each value of
1168 When an interface name contains any of the characters
1170 they are translated to
1173 The variable can contain arguments to
1175 as well as special case-insensitive keywords described below.
1176 Such keywords are removed before passing the value to
1178 while the order of the other arguments is preserved.
1180 It is possible to add IP alias entries using
1182 syntax with the address family keyword such as
1184 Assuming that the interface in question was
1186 it might look something like this:
1188 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
1189 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1192 It also possible to configure multiple IP addresses in Classless
1193 Inter-Domain Routing
1196 whose each address component can be a range like
1197 .Li inet 192.0.2.5-23/24
1199 .Li inet6 2001:db8:1-f::1/64 .
1200 This notation allows address and prefix length part only,
1201 not the other address modifiers.
1202 Note that the maximum number of the generated addresses from a range
1203 specification is limited to an integer value specified in
1204 .Va netif_ipexpand_max
1207 because a small typo can unexpectedly generate a large number of addresses.
1208 The default value is
1210 It can be increased by adding the following line into
1213 netif_ipexpand_max="4096"
1217 .Li 192.0.2.5-23/24 ,
1218 the address 192.0.2.5 will be configured with the
1219 netmask /24 and the addresses 192.0.2.6 to 192.0.2.23 with
1220 the non-conflicting netmask /32 as explained in the
1223 Note that this special netmask handling is only for
1225 not for the other address families such as
1228 With the interface in question being
1230 an example could look like:
1232 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 192.0.2.129/27"
1233 ifconfig_ed0_alias3="inet 192.0.2.1-5/28"
1239 .Va ipv4_addrs_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1240 variable was supported for IPv4 CIDR address notation.
1241 It is now deprecated because the functionality was integrated into
1242 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1244 .Va ipv4_addrs_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1245 is still supported for backward compatibility.
1248 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1249 entry with an address family keyword,
1250 its contents are passed to
1252 Execution stops at the first unsuccessful access, so if
1253 something like this is present:
1255 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff"
1256 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff"
1257 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
1258 ifconfig_ed0_alias4="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1261 Then note that alias4 would
1263 be added since the search would
1264 stop with the missing
1267 Because of this difficult to manage behavior,
1269 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _aliases
1270 variable, which has the same functionality as
1271 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1272 and can have all of entries in a variable like the following:
1274 ifconfig_ed0_aliases="\\
1275 inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1276 inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1277 inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1278 inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1281 It also supports CIDR notation.
1284 .Pa /etc/start_if. Ns Aq Ar interface
1285 file is present, it is read and executed by the
1288 before configuring the interface as specified in the
1289 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1291 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1295 .Va vlans_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1299 interface will be created for each item in the list with the
1303 If a vlan interface's name is a number,
1304 then that number is used as the vlan tag and the new vlan interface is
1306 .Ar interface . Ns Ar tag .
1308 the vlan tag must be specified via a
1311 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1314 To create a vlan device named
1318 with the vlan tag 101 and the optional the IPv4 address 192.0.2.1/24:
1321 ifconfig_em0_101="inet 192.0.2.1/24"
1324 To create a vlan device named
1328 with the vlan tag 102:
1331 create_args_myvlan="vlan 102"
1335 .Va wlans_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1339 interface will be created for each item in the list with the
1343 Further wlan cloning arguments may be passed to the
1346 command by setting the
1347 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1351 devices must be created for each wireless devices as of
1357 may be specified with an
1358 .Va wlandebug_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1360 The contents of this variable will be passed directly to
1364 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1365 contains the keyword
1367 then the interface will not be configured
1369 .Pa /etc/pccard_ether
1371 .Va network_interfaces
1375 It is possible to bring up an interface with DHCP by adding
1378 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1380 For instance, to initialize the
1383 it is possible to use something like:
1388 If you want to configure your wireless interface with
1389 .Xr wpa_supplicant 8
1390 for use with WPA, EAP/LEAP or WEP, you need to add
1393 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1396 On the other hand, if you want to configure your wireless interface with
1401 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1404 will use the settings from
1405 .Pa /etc/hostapd- Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns .conf
1407 Finally, you can add
1409 options in this variable, in addition to the
1410 .Pa /etc/start_if. Ns Aq Ar interface
1412 For instance, to configure an
1414 wireless device in station mode with an address obtained
1415 via DHCP, using WPA authentication and 802.11b mode, it is
1416 possible to use something like:
1419 ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP WPA mode 11b"
1423 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1424 form, a fallback variable
1425 .Va ifconfig_DEFAULT
1427 It will be used for all interfaces with no
1428 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1430 This is intended to replace the no longer supported
1434 It is also possible to rename an interface by doing:
1436 ifconfig_ed0_name="net0"
1437 ifconfig_net0="inet 192.0.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00"
1441 This variable is deprecated.
1443 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1445 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1450 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
1452 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1454 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1459 This variable is deprecated.
1461 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1466 the default address selection policy table set by
1468 will be IPv6-preferred.
1472 the default address selection policy table set by
1474 will be IPv4-preferred.
1475 .It Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1477 This controls initial configuration on IPv6-capable
1478 interfaces with no corresponding
1479 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1481 Note that it is not always necessary to set this variable to
1483 to use IPv6 functionality on
1485 In most cases, just configuring
1486 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1491 all interfaces which do not have a corresponding
1492 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1493 variable will be marked as
1496 This means that all of IPv6 functionality on that interface
1497 is completely disabled to enforce a security policy.
1498 If the variable is set to
1500 the flag will be cleared on all of the interfaces.
1502 In most cases, just defining an
1503 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1504 for an IPv6-capable interface should be sufficient.
1505 However, if an interface is added dynamically
1506 .Pq by some tunneling protocols such as PPP, for example ,
1507 it is often difficult to define the variable in advance.
1508 In such a case, configuring the
1510 flag can be disabled by setting this variable to
1513 For more details of the
1516 .Dq Li inet6 ifdisabled ,
1526 privacy addresses will be generated for each IPv6
1527 interface as described in RFC 4941.
1528 .It Va ipv6_network_interfaces
1530 This is the IPv6 equivalent of
1531 .Va network_interfaces .
1532 Normally manual configuration of this variable is not needed.
1534 .It Va ipv6_cpe_wanif
1536 If the variable is set to an interface name,
1540 .Dq inet6 -no_radr accept_rtadv
1541 will be added to the specified interface automatically before evaluating
1542 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6 ,
1546 .Va net.inet6.ip6.rfc6204w3
1548 .Va net.inet6.ip6.no_radr
1551 This means the specified interface will accept ICMPv6 Router
1552 Advertisement messages on that link and add the discovered
1553 routers into the Default Router List.
1554 While the other interfaces can still accept RA messages if the
1555 .Dq inet6 accept_rtadv
1556 option is specified, adding
1557 routes into the Default Router List will be disabled by
1564 Note that ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages will be
1566 .Va net.inet6.ip6.forwarding
1568 .Pq packet forwarding is enabled
1570 .Va net.inet6.ip6.rfc6204w3
1575 .It Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1577 IPv6 functionality on an interface should be configured by
1578 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6 ,
1579 instead of setting ifconfig parameters in
1580 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface .
1581 If this variable is empty, all of IPv6 configurations on the
1582 specified interface by other variables such as
1583 .Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac
1586 Aliases should be set by
1587 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1593 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:1::1 prefixlen 64"
1594 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet6 2001:db8:2::1 prefixlen 64"
1597 Interfaces that have an
1598 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
1600 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1601 setting will be automatically configured by SLAAC
1602 .Pq StateLess Address AutoConfiguration
1608 Note that a link-local address will be automatically configured in
1609 addition to the configured global-scope addresses because the IPv6
1610 specifications require it on each link.
1611 The address is calculated from the MAC address by using an algorithm
1618 If only a link-local address is needed on the interface,
1619 the following configuration can be used:
1621 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 auto_linklocal"
1624 A link-local address can also be configured manually.
1625 This is useful for the default router address of an IPv6 router
1626 so that it does not change when the network interface
1630 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 fe80::1 prefixlen 64"
1632 .It Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1634 If one or more prefixes are defined in
1635 .Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1636 addresses based on each prefix and the EUI-64 interface index will be
1637 configured on that interface.
1638 Note that this variable will be ignored when
1639 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1642 For example, the following configuration
1644 ipv6_prefix_ed0="2001:db8:1:0 2001:db8:2:0"
1647 is equivalent to the following:
1649 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet6 2001:db8:1:: eui64 prefixlen 64"
1650 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet6 2001:db8:1:: prefixlen 64 anycast"
1651 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet6 2001:db8:2:: eui64 prefixlen 64"
1652 ifconfig_ed0_alias3="inet6 2001:db8:2:: prefixlen 64 anycast"
1655 These Subnet-Router anycast addresses will be added only when
1656 .Va ipv6_gateway_enable
1658 .It Va ipv6_default_interface
1662 this is the default output interface for scoped addresses.
1663 This works only with ipv6_gateway_enable="NO".
1664 .It Va ip6addrctl_enable
1666 This variable is to enable configuring default address selection policy table
1668 The table can be specified in another variable
1669 .Va ip6addrctl_policy .
1671 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1672 the following keywords can be specified:
1673 .Dq Li ipv4_prefer ,
1674 .Dq Li ipv6_prefer ,
1684 installs a pre-defined policy table described in Section 2.1
1692 is specified, it attempts to read a file
1693 .Pa /etc/ip6addrctl.conf
1695 If this file is found,
1697 reads and installs it.
1698 If not found, a policy is automatically set
1700 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1701 variable; if the variable is set to
1703 the IPv6-preferred one is used.
1704 Otherwise IPv4-preferred.
1706 The default value of
1707 .Va ip6addrctl_enable
1709 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1715 .It Va cloned_interfaces
1717 Set to the list of clonable network interfaces to create on this host.
1718 Further cloning arguments may be passed to the
1721 command for each interface by setting the
1722 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1724 If an interface name is specified with
1727 the interface will not be destroyed even when
1729 script is invoked with
1732 This is useful when reconfiguring the interface without destroying it.
1734 .Va cloned_interfaces
1735 are automatically appended to
1736 .Va network_interfaces
1738 .It Va cloned_interfaces_sticky
1740 This variable is to globally enable functionality of
1743 .Va cloned_interfaces
1745 The default value is
1747 Even if this variable is specified to
1750 keyword can be used to override it on per interface basis.
1751 .It Va fec_interfaces
1755 Fast EtherChannel interfaces to configure on this host.
1757 .Va fecconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1758 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1760 The value of this variable is used to configure link aggregated interfaces
1761 according to the syntax of the
1762 .Cm NGM_FEC_ADD_IFACE
1766 Additionally, this option ensures that each listed interface is created
1771 before attempting to configure it.
1774 fec_interfaces="fec0"
1775 fecconfig_fec0="em0 em1"
1776 ifconfig_fec0="DHCP"
1778 .It Va gif_interfaces
1780 This variable is deprecated in favor of
1781 .Va cloned_interfaces .
1784 tunnel interfaces to configure on this host.
1786 .Va gifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1787 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1789 The value of this variable is used to configure the link layer of the
1790 tunnel according to the syntax of the
1794 Additionally, this option ensures that each listed interface is created
1799 before attempting to configure it.
1800 .It Va sppp_interfaces
1804 interfaces to configure on this host.
1806 .Va spppconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1807 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1809 Each interface should also be configured by a general
1810 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1814 for more information about available options.
1824 The name of the profile to use from
1825 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
1826 Also used for per-profile overrides of
1831 .Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _unit .
1832 When the profile name contains any of the characters
1834 they are translated to
1836 for the proposes of the override variable names.
1839 Mode in which to run the
1842 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _mode
1844 Overrides the global
1854 See the manual for a full description.
1859 enables network address translation.
1860 Used in conjunction with
1862 allows hosts on private network addresses access to the Internet using
1863 this host as a network address translating router.
1864 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _nat
1866 Overrides the global
1870 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _unit
1872 Set the unit number to be used for this profile.
1873 See the manual description of
1878 The name of the user under which
1886 .It Va rc_conf_files
1888 This option is used to specify a list of files that will override
1890 .Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf .
1891 The files will be read in the order in which they are specified and should
1892 include the full path to the file.
1893 By default, the files specified are
1896 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
1902 will attempt to automatically mount ZFS file systems and initialize ZFS volumes
1904 .It Va gptboot_enable
1908 .Pa /etc/rc.d/gptboot
1909 will log if the system successfully (or not) booted from a GPT partition,
1915 .It Va gbde_autoattach_all
1920 will attempt to automatically initialize your .bde devices in
1924 List the devices that the script should try to attach,
1929 The directory where the
1931 lockfiles are located.
1932 The default lockfile directory is
1935 The lockfile for each individual
1937 device can be overridden by setting the variable
1938 .Va gbde_lock_ Ns Aq Ar device ,
1941 is the encrypted device without the
1946 .It Va gbde_attach_attempts
1948 Number of times to attempt attaching to a
1950 device, i.e., how many times the user is asked for the pass-phrase.
1954 List of devices to automatically attach on boot.
1955 Note that .eli devices from
1957 are automatically appended to this list.
1960 Number of times user is asked for the pass-phrase.
1961 If empty, it will be taken from
1962 .Va kern.geom.eli.tries
1964 .It Va geli_default_flags
1966 Default flags to use by
1968 when configuring disk encryption.
1969 Flags can be configured for every device separately by defining
1970 .Va geli_ Ns Ao Ar device Ac Ns Va _flags
1972 .It Va geli_autodetach
1974 Specifies if GELI devices should be marked for detach on last close after
1975 file systems are mounted.
1978 This can be changed for every device separately by defining
1979 .Va geli_ Ns Ao Ar device Ac Ns Va _autodetach
1981 .It Va root_rw_mount
1986 After the file systems are checked at boot time, the root file system
1987 is remounted as read-write if this is set to
1989 Diskless systems that mount their root file system from a read-only remote
1990 NFS share should set this to
1994 .It Va fsck_y_enable
1999 will be run with the
2001 flag if the initial preen
2002 of the file systems fails.
2003 .It Va background_fsck
2007 the system will attempt to run
2009 in the background where possible.
2010 .It Va background_fsck_delay
2012 The amount of time in seconds to sleep before starting a background
2014 It defaults to sixty seconds to allow large applications such as
2015 the X server to start before disk I/O bandwidth is monopolized by
2017 If set to a negative number, the background file system check will be
2018 delayed indefinitely to allow the administrator to run it at a more
2020 For example it may be run from
2022 by adding a line like
2024 .Dl "0 4 * * * root /etc/rc.d/bgfsck forcestart"
2030 List of file system types that are network-based.
2031 This list should generally not be modified by end users.
2033 .Va extra_netfs_types
2035 .It Va extra_netfs_types
2037 If set to something other than
2040 this variable extends the list of file system types
2041 for which automatic mounting at startup by
2043 should be delayed until the network is initialized.
2045 a whitespace-separated list of network file system descriptor pairs,
2046 each consisting of a file system type as passed to
2048 and a human-readable, one-word description,
2051 Extending the default list in this way is only necessary
2052 when third party file system types are used.
2053 .It Va syslogd_enable
2060 .It Va syslogd_program
2065 .Pa /usr/sbin/syslogd ) .
2066 .It Va syslogd_flags
2072 these are the flags to pass to
2081 .It Va inetd_program
2086 .Pa /usr/sbin/inetd ) .
2093 these are the flags to pass to
2102 .It Va hastd_program
2114 these are the flags to pass to
2116 .It Va local_unbound_enable
2122 daemon as a local caching resolver.
2123 .It Va kerberos5_server_enable
2127 to start a Kerberos 5 authentication server
2129 .It Va kerberos5_server
2132 .Va kerberos5_server_enable
2135 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Authentication Server.
2136 .It Va kerberos5_server_flags
2139 This variable contains additional flags to be passed to the Kerberos 5
2140 authentication server.
2141 .It Va kadmind5_server_enable
2147 the Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon; set to
2150 .It Va kadmind5_server
2153 .Va kadmind5_server_enable
2156 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon.
2157 .It Va kpasswdd_server_enable
2163 the Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon; set to
2166 .It Va kpasswdd_server
2169 .Va kpasswdd_server_enable
2172 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon.
2179 the Kerberos 5 ticket forwarding daemon, at the boot time.
2185 .Pa /usr/libexec/kfd ) .
2192 daemon at boot time.
2199 these are the flags to pass to it.
2206 daemon at boot time.
2213 these are the flags to pass to it.
2216 manpage for more information.
2217 .It Va amd_map_program
2220 the specified program is run to get the list of
2225 maps are stored in NIS, one can set this to
2238 will be updated at boot time to reflect the kernel release
2243 will not be updated.
2244 .It Va nfs_client_enable
2248 run the NFS client daemons at boot time.
2249 .It Va nfs_access_cache
2252 .Va nfs_client_enable
2257 to disable NFS ACCESS RPC caching, or to the number of seconds for which
2259 results should be cached.
2260 A value of 2-10 seconds will substantially reduce network
2261 traffic for many NFS operations.
2262 .It Va nfs_server_enable
2266 run the NFS server daemons at boot time.
2267 .It Va nfs_server_flags
2270 .Va nfs_server_enable
2273 these are the flags to pass to the
2276 .It Va nfsv4_server_enable
2279 .Va nfs_server_enable
2283 .Va nfsv4_server_enable
2286 enable the server for NFSv4 as well as NFSv2 and NFSv3.
2287 .It Va nfsuserd_enable
2293 run the nfsuserd daemon, which is needed for NFSv4 in order
2294 to map between user/group names vs uid/gid numbers.
2296 .Va nfsv4_server_enable
2299 this will be forced enabled.
2300 .It Va nfsuserd_flags
2306 these are the flags to pass to the
2309 .It Va nfscbd_enable
2315 run the nfscbd daemon, which enables callbacks/delegations for the NFSv4 client.
2322 these are the flags to pass to the
2325 .It Va oldnfs_server_enable
2328 .Va oldnfs_server_enable
2331 force the NFS server daemons to run the old NFS server code
2332 that does not support NFSv4.
2333 .It Va mountd_enable
2338 .Va nfs_server_enable
2344 It is commonly needed to run CFS without real NFS used.
2351 these are the flags to pass to the
2354 .It Va weak_mountd_authentication
2358 allow services like PCNFSD to make non-privileged mount
2360 .It Va nfs_reserved_port_only
2364 provide NFS services only on a secure port.
2365 .It Va nfs_bufpackets
2367 If set to a number, indicates the number of packets worth of
2368 socket buffer space to reserve on an NFS client.
2369 The kernel default is typically 4.
2370 Using a higher number may be
2371 useful on gigabit networks to improve performance.
2372 The minimum value is
2373 2 and the maximum is 64.
2374 .It Va rpc_lockd_enable
2378 and also an NFS server or client, run
2381 .It Va rpc_lockd_flags
2384 .Va rpc_lockd_enable
2387 these are the flags to pass to the
2390 .It Va rpc_statd_enable
2394 and also an NFS server or client, run
2397 .It Va rpc_statd_flags
2400 .Va rpc_statd_enable
2403 these are the flags to pass to the
2406 .It Va rpcbind_program
2411 .Pa /usr/sbin/rpcbind ) .
2412 .It Va rpcbind_enable
2418 service at boot time.
2419 .It Va rpcbind_flags
2425 these are the flags to pass to the
2428 .It Va keyserv_enable
2434 daemon on boot for running Secure RPC.
2435 .It Va keyserv_flags
2441 these are the flags to pass to
2444 .It Va pppoed_enable
2450 daemon at boot time to provide PPP over Ethernet services.
2451 .It Va pppoed_ Ns Aq Ar provider
2454 listens to requests to this
2460 argument of the same name.
2463 Additional flags to pass to
2465 .It Va pppoed_interface
2467 The network interface to run
2470 This is mandatory when
2480 service at boot time.
2481 This command is intended for networks of
2482 machines where a consistent
2484 for all hosts must be established.
2485 This is often useful in large NFS
2486 environments where time stamps on files are expected to be consistent
2494 these are the flags to pass to the
2497 .It Va ntpdate_enable
2504 This command is intended to
2505 synchronize the system clock only
2507 from some standard reference.
2508 .It Va ntpdate_config
2510 Configuration file for
2514 .It Va ntpdate_hosts
2516 A whitespace-separated list of NTP servers to synchronize with at startup.
2517 The default is to use the servers listed in
2518 .Va ntpdate_config ,
2519 if that file exists.
2520 .It Va ntpdate_program
2525 .Pa /usr/sbin/ntpdate ) .
2526 .It Va ntpdate_flags
2532 these are the flags to pass to the
2534 command (typically a hostname).
2541 command at boot time.
2547 .Pa /usr/sbin/ntpd ) .
2561 these are the flags to pass to the
2564 .It Va ntpd_sync_on_start
2571 flag, which syncs the system's clock on startup.
2574 for more information regarding the
2577 This is a preferred alternative to using
2582 .It Va nis_client_enable
2588 service at system boot time.
2589 .It Va nis_client_flags
2592 .Va nis_client_enable
2595 these are the flags to pass to the
2598 .It Va nis_ypset_enable
2604 daemon at system boot time.
2605 .It Va nis_ypset_flags
2608 .Va nis_ypset_enable
2611 these are the flags to pass to the
2614 .It Va nis_server_enable
2620 daemon at system boot time.
2621 .It Va nis_server_flags
2624 .Va nis_server_enable
2627 these are the flags to pass to the
2630 .It Va nis_ypxfrd_enable
2636 daemon at system boot time.
2637 .It Va nis_ypxfrd_flags
2640 .Va nis_ypxfrd_enable
2643 these are the flags to pass to the
2646 .It Va nis_yppasswdd_enable
2652 daemon at system boot time.
2653 .It Va nis_yppasswdd_flags
2656 .Va nis_yppasswdd_enable
2659 these are the flags to pass to the
2662 .It Va rpc_ypupdated_enable
2668 daemon at system boot time.
2669 .It Va bsnmpd_enable
2675 daemon at system boot time.
2676 Be sure to understand the security implications of running SNMP daemon
2684 these are the flags to pass to the
2687 .It Va defaultrouter
2691 create a default route to this host name or IP address
2692 (use an IP address if this router is also required to get to the
2694 .It Va ipv6_defaultrouter
2696 The IPv6 equivalent of
2698 .It Va static_arp_pairs
2700 Set to the list of static ARP pairs that are to be added at system
2702 For each whitespace separated
2705 .Va static_arp_ Ns Aq Ar element
2706 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2711 static_arp_pairs="gw"
2712 static_arp_gw="192.168.1.1 00:01:02:03:04:05"
2714 .It Va static_ndp_pairs
2716 Set to the list of static NDP pairs that are to be added at system
2718 For each whitespace separated
2721 .Va static_ndp_ Ns Aq Ar element
2722 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2727 static_ndp_pairs="gw"
2728 static_ndp_gw="2001:db8:3::1 00:01:02:03:04:05"
2730 .It Va static_routes
2732 Set to the list of static routes that are to be added at system
2736 then for each whitespace separated
2739 .Va route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2740 variable is assumed to exist
2741 whose contents will later be passed to a
2746 static_routes="ext mcast:gif0 gif0local:gif0"
2747 route_ext="-net 10.0.0.0/24 -gateway 192.168.0.1"
2748 route_mcast="-net 224.0.0.0/4 -iface gif0"
2749 route_gif0local="-host 169.254.1.1 -iface lo0"
2756 the route is specific to the interface
2758 .It Va ipv6_static_routes
2760 The IPv6 equivalent of
2764 then for each whitespace separated
2767 .Va ipv6_route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2768 variable is assumed to exist
2769 whose contents will later be passed to a
2770 .Dq Nm route Cm add Fl inet6
2772 .It Va natm_static_routes
2778 If not empty then for each whitespace separated
2781 .Va route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2782 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2783 .Dq Nm atmconfig Cm natm Cm add
2785 .It Va gateway_enable
2789 configure host to act as an IP router, e.g.\& to forward packets
2791 .It Va ipv6_gateway_enable
2793 The IPv6 equivalent of
2794 .Va gateway_enable .
2795 .It Va routed_enable
2799 run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the
2804 .It Va route6d_enable
2806 The IPv6 equivalent of
2810 run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the
2815 .It Va routed_program
2821 this is the name of the routing daemon to use.
2822 .It Va route6d_program
2824 The IPv6 equivalent of
2825 .Va routed_program .
2832 these are the flags to pass to the routing daemon.
2833 .It Va route6d_flags
2835 The IPv6 equivalent of
2837 .It Va mrouted_enable
2841 run the multicast routing daemon,
2843 .It Va mroute6d_enable
2845 The IPv6 equivalent of
2846 .Va mrouted_enable .
2849 run the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2851 Note that multicast routing daemons are no longer included in the
2853 base system, however, both
2857 may be installed from the
2860 .It Va mrouted_flags
2866 these are the flags to pass to the
2869 .It Va mroute6d_flags
2871 The IPv6 equivalent of
2877 these are the flags passed to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2878 .It Va mroute6d_program
2884 this is the path to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2885 .It Va rtadvd_enable
2891 daemon at boot time.
2894 utility sends ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages to
2895 the interfaces specified in
2896 .Va rtadvd_interfaces .
2897 This should only be enabled with great care.
2898 You may want to fine-tune
2900 .It Va rtadvd_interfaces
2906 this is the list of interfaces to use.
2907 .It Va ipxgateway_enable
2911 enable the routing of IPX traffic.
2912 .It Va ipxrouted_enable
2918 daemon at system boot time.
2919 .It Va ipxrouted_flags
2922 .Va ipxrouted_enable
2925 these are the flags to pass to the
2932 enable global proxy ARP.
2933 .It Va forward_sourceroute
2941 source-routed packets are forwarded.
2942 .It Va accept_sourceroute
2946 the system will accept source-routed packets directed at it.
2953 daemon at system boot time.
2960 these are the flags to pass to the
2963 .It Va bootparamd_enable
2969 daemon at system boot time.
2970 .It Va bootparamd_flags
2973 .Va bootparamd_enable
2976 these are the flags to pass to the
2979 .It Va stf_interface_ipv4addr
2983 this is the local IPv4 address for 6to4 (IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling
2985 Specify this entry to enable the 6to4 interface.
2986 .It Va stf_interface_ipv4plen
2988 Prefix length for 6to4 IPv4 addresses, to limit peer address range.
2989 An effective value is 0-31.
2990 .It Va stf_interface_ipv6_ifid
2992 IPv6 interface ID for
2996 .It Va stf_interface_ipv6_slaid
2998 IPv6 Site Level Aggregator for
3000 .It Va ipv6_faith_prefix
3004 this is the faith prefix to enable a FAITH IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP
3009 .It Va ipv6_ipv4mapping
3013 this enables IPv4 mapped IPv6 address communication (like
3014 .Li ::ffff:a.b.c.d ) .
3015 .It Va rtsold_enable
3021 daemon to send ICMPv6 Router Solicitation messages.
3028 these are the flags to pass to
3032 For interfaces configured with the
3033 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
3034 keyword, these are the flags to pass to
3039 is mutually exclusive to
3047 to enable the configuration of ATM interfaces at system boot time.
3048 For all of the ATM variables described below, please refer to the
3050 manual page for further details on the available command parameters.
3051 Also refer to the files in
3052 .Pa /usr/share/examples/atm
3053 for more detailed configuration information.
3056 This is a list of physical ATM interface drivers to load.
3061 .It Va atm_netif_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3063 For the ATM physical interface
3065 this variable defines the name prefix and count for the ATM network
3066 interfaces to be created.
3067 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3068 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set netif" Ar intf
3070 .It Va atm_sigmgr_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3072 For the ATM physical interface
3074 this variable defines the ATM signalling manager to be used.
3075 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3076 .Dq Nm atm Cm attach Ar intf
3078 .It Va atm_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3080 For the ATM physical interface
3082 this variable defines the NSAP prefix for interfaces using a UNI signalling
3086 the prefix will automatically be set via the
3089 Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an
3090 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set prefix" Ar intf
3092 .It Va atm_macaddr_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3094 For the ATM physical interface
3096 this variable defines the MAC address for interfaces using a UNI signalling
3100 the hardware MAC address contained in the ATM interface card will be used.
3101 Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an
3102 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set mac" Ar intf
3104 .It Va atm_arpserver_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3106 For the ATM network interface
3108 this variable defines the ATM address for a host which is to provide ATMARP
3110 This variable is only applicable to interfaces using a UNI signalling
3114 this host will become an ATMARP server.
3115 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3116 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set arpserver" Ar netif
3118 .It Va atm_scsparp_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3122 SCSP/ATMARP service for the network interface
3124 will be initiated using the
3129 This variable is only applicable if
3130 .Va atm_arpserver_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3135 Set to the list of ATM PVCs to be added at system
3137 For each whitespace separated
3140 .Va atm_pvc_ Ns Aq Ar element
3141 variable is assumed to exist.
3142 The value of each of these variables
3143 will be passed as the parameters of an
3144 .Dq Nm atm Cm "add pvc"
3148 Set to the list of permanent ATM ARP entries to be added
3149 at system boot time.
3150 For each whitespace separated
3153 .Va atm_arp_ Ns Aq Ar element
3154 variable is assumed to exist.
3155 The value of each of these variables
3156 will be passed as the parameters of an
3157 .Dq Nm atm Cm "add arp"
3159 .It Va natm_interfaces
3163 interfaces that will also be used for HARP through
3165 If this list is not empty all interfaces in the list will be brought up
3171 For this to work the interface drivers must be either compiled into the
3172 kernel or must reside on the root partition.
3175 The keyboard bell sound.
3182 if the default behavior is desired.
3183 For details, refer to the
3188 If set to a non-null string, the virtual console's keyboard input is
3194 no keymap is installed, otherwise the value is used to install
3195 the keymap file found in
3196 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/ Ns Ao Ar value Ac Ns Pa .kbd
3199 .Pa /usr/share/vt/keymaps/ Ns Ao Ar value Ac Ns Pa .kbd
3204 The keyboard repeat speed.
3211 if the default behavior is desired.
3216 attempt to program the function keys with the value.
3218 be a single string of the form:
3219 .Dq Ar funkey_number new_value Op Ar funkey_number new_value ... .
3222 Can be set to the value of
3225 .Dq Li destructive ,
3228 to set the cursor behavior explicitly or choose the default behavior.
3233 no screen map is installed, otherwise the value is used to install
3234 the screen map file in
3235 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps/ Ns Aq Ar value .
3236 This parameter is ignored when using
3238 as the console driver.
3243 the default 8x16 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3245 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3247 .Pa /usr/share/vt/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3248 is used (depending on the console driver being used).
3253 the default 8x14 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3255 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3257 .Pa /usr/share/vt/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3258 is used (depending on the console driver being used).
3263 the default 8x8 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3265 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3267 .Pa /usr/share/vt/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3268 is used (depending on the console driver being used).
3273 the default screen blanking interval is used, otherwise it is set
3281 this is the actual screen saver to use
3282 .Li ( blank , snake , daemon ,
3284 .It Va moused_nondefault_enable
3288 the mouse device specified on
3289 the command line is not automatically treated as enabled by the
3290 .Pa /etc/rc.d/moused
3292 Having this variable set to
3298 to be enabled as soon as it is plugged in.
3299 .It Va moused_enable
3305 daemon is started for doing cut/paste selection on the console.
3308 This is the protocol type of the mouse connected to this host.
3309 This variable must be set if
3316 is able to detect the appropriate mouse type automatically in many cases.
3317 Set this variable to
3319 to let the daemon detect it, or
3320 select one from the following list if the automatic detection fails.
3322 If the mouse is attached to the PS/2 mouse port, choose
3326 regardless of the brand and model of the mouse.
3328 mouse is attached to the bus mouse port, choose
3332 All other protocols are for serial mice and will not work with
3333 the PS/2 and bus mice.
3334 If this is a USB mouse,
3336 is the only protocol type which will work.
3338 .Bl -tag -width ".Li x10mouseremote" -compact
3340 Microsoft mouse (serial)
3342 Microsoft IntelliMouse (serial)
3344 Mouse systems Corp.\& mouse (serial)
3346 MM Series mouse (serial)
3348 Logitech mouse (serial)
3352 Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan (serial)
3354 ALPS GlidePoint (serial)
3355 .It Li thinkingmouse
3356 Kensington ThinkingMouse (serial)
3360 MM HitTablet (serial)
3361 .It Li x10mouseremote
3362 X10 MouseRemote (serial)
3364 Interlink VersaPad (serial)
3367 Even if the mouse is not in the above list, it may be compatible
3368 with one in the list.
3369 Refer to the manual page for
3371 for compatibility information.
3373 It should also be noted that while this is enabled, any
3374 other client of the mouse (such as an X server) should access
3375 the mouse through the virtual mouse device,
3377 and configure it as a
3379 type mouse, since all
3380 mouse data is converted to this single canonical format when
3383 If the client program does not support the
3389 It is the second preferred type.
3396 this is the actual port the mouse is on.
3399 for a COM1 serial mouse,
3403 for a bus mouse, for example.
3408 is set, its value is used as an additional set of flags to pass to the
3411 .It Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3413 .Va moused_nondefault_enable
3416 daemon is started for a non-default port, the
3417 .Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3418 set of options has precedence over and replaces the default
3422 is the name of the non-default port, i.e.,\&
3425 .Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3426 it is possible to set up a different set of default flags for each
3429 For example, you can use
3433 to make your laptop's touchpad more comfortable to use,
3434 but an empty set of options for
3435 .Va moused_ums0_flags
3438 mouse has three or more buttons.
3439 .It Va mousechar_start
3443 the default mouse cursor character range
3444 .Li 0xd0 Ns - Ns Li 0xd3
3446 otherwise the range start is set
3451 Use if the default range is occupied in the language code table.
3452 .It Va allscreens_flags
3456 is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals
3460 will enable the mouse pointer on all virtual terminals
3465 .It Va allscreens_kbdflags
3469 is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals
3477 scrollback (history) buffer to 200 lines.
3484 daemon at system boot time.
3490 .Pa /usr/sbin/cron ) .
3497 these are the flags to pass to
3503 enable the special handling of transitions to and from the
3504 Daylight Saving Time in
3506 (equivalent to using the flag
3513 .Pa /usr/sbin/lpd ) .
3520 daemon at system boot time.
3527 these are the flags to pass to the
3530 .It Va chkprintcap_enable
3536 command before starting the
3539 .It Va chkprintcap_flags
3544 .Va chkprintcap_enable
3547 these are the flags to pass to the
3552 which causes missing directories to be created.
3553 .It Va mta_start_script
3555 This variable specifies the full path to the script to run to start
3556 a mail transfer agent.
3558 .Pa /etc/rc.sendmail .
3562 .Pa /etc/rc.sendmail
3563 uses are documented in the
3568 Indicates the device (usually a swap partition) to which a crash dump
3569 should be written in the event of a system crash.
3570 If the value of this variable is
3572 the first suitable swap device listed in
3574 will be used as dump device.
3575 Otherwise, the value of this variable is passed as the argument to
3577 To disable crash dumps, set this variable to
3581 When the system reboots after a crash and a crash dump is found on the
3582 device specified by the
3586 will save that crash dump and a copy of the kernel to the directory
3590 The default value is
3599 .It Va savecore_flags
3601 If crash dumps are enabled, these are the flags to pass to the
3608 to turn on user and group disk quotas on system startup via the
3610 command for all file systems marked as having quotas enabled in
3612 The kernel must be built with
3614 for disk quotas to function.
3619 to enable user and group disk quota checking via the
3622 .It Va quotacheck_flags
3632 these are the flags to pass to the
3637 which checks quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3639 .It Va quotaon_flags
3645 these are the flags to pass to the
3650 which enables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3652 .It Va quotaoff_flags
3658 these are the flags to pass to the
3660 utility when shutting down the quota system.
3663 which disables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3665 .It Va accounting_enable
3669 to enable system accounting through the
3676 to enable iBCS2 (SCO) binary emulation at system initial boot
3678 .It Va ibcs2_loaders
3686 this specifies a list of additional iBCS2 loaders to enable.
3687 .It Va firstboot_sentinel
3689 This variable specifies the full path to a
3692 If a file exists with this path,
3696 keyword will be run on startup and the sentinel file will be deleted
3697 after the boot process completes.
3698 The sentinel file must be located on a writable file system which is
3699 mounted no later than
3700 .Va early_late_divider
3701 to function properly.
3708 to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation at system initial
3714 enable SysVR4 emulation at boot time.
3715 .It Va sysvipc_enable
3719 load System V IPC primitives at boot time.
3720 .It Va clear_tmp_enable
3731 to disable removing of X11 lock files,
3732 and the removal and (secure) recreation
3733 of the various socket directories for X11
3735 .It Va ldconfig_paths
3737 Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
3741 will always be added first, so it need not appear in this list.
3742 .It Va ldconfig32_paths
3744 Set to the list of 32-bit compatibility shared library paths to
3747 .It Va ldconfig_paths_aout
3749 Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
3754 .It Va ldconfig_insecure
3758 utility normally refuses to use directories
3759 which are writable by anyone except root.
3760 Set this variable to
3762 to disable that security check during system startup.
3763 .It Va ldconfig_local_dirs
3765 Set to the list of local
3768 The names of all files in the directories listed will be
3769 passed as arguments to
3771 .It Va ldconfig_local32_dirs
3773 Set to the list of local 32-bit compatibility
3776 The names of all files in the directories listed will be
3777 passed as arguments to
3778 .Dq Nm ldconfig Fl 32 .
3779 .It Va kern_securelevel_enable
3783 to set the kernel security level at system startup.
3784 .It Va kern_securelevel
3786 The kernel security level to set at startup.
3787 The allowed range of
3789 ranges from \-1 (the compile time default) to 3 (the
3793 for the list of possible security levels and their effect
3794 on system operation.
3797 Path to the SSH server program
3798 .Pa ( /usr/sbin/sshd
3806 at system boot time.
3813 these are the flags to pass to the
3818 Path to the FTP server program
3819 .Pa ( /usr/libexec/ftpd
3827 as a stand-alone daemon at system boot time.
3834 these are the additional flags to pass to the
3837 .It Va watchdogd_enable
3843 daemon at boot time.
3844 This requires that the kernel have been compiled with a
3847 .It Va watchdogd_flags
3850 .Va watchdogd_enable
3853 these are the flags passed to the
3856 .It Va devfs_rulesets
3858 List of files containing sets of rules for
3860 .It Va devfs_system_ruleset
3862 Rule name(s) to apply to the system
3865 .It Va devfs_set_rulesets
3867 Pairs of already-mounted
3869 directories and rulesets that should be applied to them.
3870 For example: /mount/dev=ruleset_name
3871 .It Va devfs_load_rulesets
3873 If set, always load the default rulesets listed in
3874 .Va devfs_rulesets .
3875 .It Va performance_cx_lowest
3877 CPU idle state to use while on AC power.
3882 should use the lowest power state available while
3884 indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used.
3885 .It Va performance_cpu_freq
3887 CPU clock frequency to use while on AC power.
3892 should use the lowest frequency available while
3894 indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used.
3895 .It Va economy_cx_lowest
3897 CPU idle state to use when off AC power.
3902 should use the lowest power state available while
3904 indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used.
3905 .It Va economy_cpu_freq
3907 CPU clock frequency to use when off AC power.
3912 should use the lowest frequency available while
3914 indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used.
3919 any configured jails will not be started.
3922 The configuration filename used by
3925 The default value is
3926 .Pa /etc/jail.conf .
3927 .It Va jail_parallel_start
3931 all configured jails will be started in the background (in parallel).
3935 When set, use as default value for
3936 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _flags
3941 A space separated list of names for jails.
3942 If this variable is empty,
3945 instances in the configuration file will be configured.
3946 This is purely a configuration aid to help identify and
3947 configure multiple jails.
3948 The names specified in this list will be used to
3949 identify settings common to an instance of a jail,
3950 and should contain alphanumeric characters only.
3951 The literal jail name of
3955 .It Va jail_* variables
3956 Note that older releases supported per-jail configuration via
3960 hostname of a jail named
3962 was able to be set by
3963 .Li jail_vjail_hostname .
3964 These per-jail configuration variables are now obsolete in favor of
3967 For backward compatibility,
3968 when per-jail configuration variables are defined,
3970 configuration files are created as
3971 .Pa /var/run/jail. Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Pa .conf
3974 The following per-jail parameters are handled by
3976 script out of their corresponding
3979 In addition to them, parameters in
3980 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _parameters
3981 will be added to the configuration file.
3982 They must be a semi-colon
3990 .Bl -tag -width "host.hostname" -offset indent
3993 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _rootdir
3994 .It Li host.hostname
3996 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _hostname
3997 .It Li exec.consolelog
3999 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _consolelog .
4000 The default value is
4001 .Pa /var/log/jail_ Ao Ar jname Ac Pa _console.log .
4004 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _interface .
4005 .It Li vnet.interface
4007 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _vnet_interface .
4010 parameter will be enabled and cannot be specified with
4011 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _interface ,
4012 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4014 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip_multi Ns Aq Ar n
4018 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fstab
4021 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _procfs_enable .
4024 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fib
4027 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_start .
4028 The parameter name was
4030 in some older releases.
4031 .It Li exec.prestart
4033 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestart
4034 .It Li exec.poststart
4036 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststart
4039 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_stop
4042 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestop
4043 .It Li exec.poststop
4045 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststop
4048 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4050 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip_multi Ns Aq Ar n
4051 contain IPv4 addresses
4054 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4056 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip_multi Ns Aq Ar n
4057 contain IPv6 addresses
4060 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _mount_enable
4063 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_enable
4064 .It Li devfs_ruleset
4066 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_ruleset .
4067 This must be an integer,
4069 .It Li mount.fdescfs
4071 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fdescfs_enable
4072 .It Li allow.set_hostname
4074 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _set_hostname_allow
4075 .It Li allow.rawsocket
4077 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _socket_unixiproute_only
4078 .It Li allow.sysvipc
4080 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _sysvipc_allow
4082 .\" -----------------------------------------------------
4083 .It Va harvest_interrupt
4087 to use hardware interrupts as an entropy source.
4090 for more information.
4091 .It Va harvest_ethernet
4095 to use LAN traffic as an entropy source.
4098 for more information.
4099 .It Va harvest_p_to_p
4103 to use serial line traffic as an entropy source.
4106 for more information.
4111 to disable caching entropy via
4113 Otherwise set to the directory used to store entropy files in.
4118 to disable caching entropy through reboots.
4119 Otherwise set to the filename used to store cached entropy through
4121 This file should be located on the root file system to seed the
4123 device as early as possible in the boot process.
4124 .It Va entropy_save_sz
4126 Size of the entropy cache files saved by
4129 .It Va entropy_save_num
4131 Number of entropy cache files to save by
4145 Configuration file for
4154 .Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot
4156 .It Va rcshutdown_timeout
4158 If set, start a watchdog timer in the background which will terminate
4162 has not completed within the specified time (in seconds).
4163 Notice that in addition to this soft timeout,
4165 also applies a hard timeout for the execution of
4167 This is configured via
4170 .Va kern.init_shutdown_timeout
4171 and defaults to 120 seconds.
4172 Setting the value of
4173 .Va rcshutdown_timeout
4174 to more than 120 seconds will have no effect until the
4177 .Va kern.init_shutdown_timeout
4179 .It Va virecover_enable
4183 to prevent the system from trying to
4184 recover pre-maturely terminated
4187 .It Va ugidfw_enable
4192 .Xr mac_bsdextended 4
4193 module upon system initialization and load a default
4195 .It Va bsdextended_script
4198 .Xr mac_bsdextended 4
4199 ruleset file to load.
4200 The default value of this variable is
4201 .Pa /etc/rc.bsdextended .
4202 .It Va newsyslog_enable
4209 .It Va newsyslog_flags
4212 .Va newsyslog_enable
4215 these are the flags to pass to the
4220 which causes log files flagged with a
4223 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Aq Ar X
4233 must be specified and either a
4235 for malloc or swap backed
4243 .Va mdconfig_md Ns Aq Ar X
4244 variables are evaluated until one variable is unset or null.
4245 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _newfs
4247 Optional arguments passed to
4253 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _owner
4255 An ownership specification passed to
4264 device and the mount point will be changed.
4265 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _perms
4267 A mode string passed to
4276 device and the mount point will be changed.
4277 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _files
4279 Files to be copied to the mount point of the
4283 after it has been mounted.
4284 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _cmd
4286 Command to execute after the specified
4291 Note that the command is passed to
4297 variables can be used to reference respectively the
4299 device and the mount point.
4304 one could set the following:
4306 mdconfig_md0_cmd="tar xfzC /var/file.tgz \e${_mp}"
4308 .It Va autobridge_interfaces
4310 Set to the list of bridge interfaces that will have newly arriving interfaces
4311 checked against to be automatically added.
4314 then for each whitespace separated
4317 .Va autobridge_ Ns Aq Ar element
4318 variable is assumed to exist which has a whitespace separated list of interface
4319 names to match, these names can use wildcards.
4322 autobridge_interfaces="bridge0"
4323 autobridge_bridge0="tap* dc0 vlan[345]"
4329 enable support for sound mixer.
4330 .It Va hcsecd_enable
4334 enable Bluetooth security daemon.
4335 .It Va hcsecd_config
4337 Configuration file for
4340 .Pa /etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf .
4345 enable Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol daemon.
4353 .It Va sdpd_groupname
4357 group to run as after it initializes.
4360 .It Va sdpd_username
4364 user to run as after it initializes.
4367 .It Va bthidd_enable
4371 enable Bluetooth Human Interface Device daemon.
4372 .It Va bthidd_config
4374 Configuration file for
4377 .Pa /etc/bluetooth/bthidd.conf .
4380 Path to a file, where
4382 will store information about known HID devices.
4384 .Pa /var/db/bthidd.hids .
4385 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_enable
4389 enable Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP wrapper daemon.
4390 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_profile
4392 The name of the profile to use from
4393 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
4394 Multiple profiles can be specified here.
4395 Also used to specify per-profile overrides.
4396 When the profile name contains any of the characters
4398 they are translated to
4400 for the proposes of the override variable names.
4401 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _bdaddr
4403 Overrides local address to listen on.
4409 The address can be specified as BD_ADDR or name.
4410 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _channel
4412 Overrides local RFCOMM channel to listen on.
4415 will listen on RFCOMM channel 1.
4416 Must set properly if multiple profiles used in the same time.
4417 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _register_sp
4421 if it should register Serial Port service on the specified RFCOMM channel.
4424 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _register_dun
4428 if it should register Dial-Up Networking service on the specified
4432 .It Va ubthidhci_enable
4436 change the USB Bluetooth controller from HID mode to HCI mode.
4437 You also need to specify the location of USB Bluetooth controller with the
4438 .Va ubthidhci_busnum
4442 .It Va ubthidhci_busnum
4443 Bus number where the USB Bluetooth controller is located.
4446 on your system to find this information.
4447 .It Va ubthidhci_addr
4448 Bus address of the USB Bluetooth controller.
4451 on your system to find this information.
4452 .It Va netwait_enable
4456 delays the start of network-reliant services until
4458 is up and ICMP packets to a destination defined in
4461 Link state is examined first, followed by
4463 an IP address to verify network usability.
4464 If no destination can be reached or timeouts are exceeded,
4465 network services are started anyway with no guarantee that
4466 the network is usable.
4467 Use of this variable requires both
4475 This variable contains a space-delimited list of IP addresses to
4477 DNS hostnames should not be used as resolution is not guaranteed
4478 to be functional at this point.
4479 If multiple IP addresses are specified,
4480 each will be tried until one is successful or the list is exhausted.
4481 .It Va netwait_timeout
4483 Indicates the total number of seconds to perform a
4485 against each IP address in
4487 at a rate of one ping per second.
4488 If any of the pings are successful,
4489 full network connectivity is considered reliable.
4494 Defines the name of the network interface on which watch for link.
4496 is used to monitor the interface, looking for
4497 .Dq Li status: no carrier .
4498 Once gone, the link is considered up.
4501 interface if desired.
4502 .It Va netwait_if_timeout
4504 Defines the total number of seconds to wait for link to become usable,
4505 polled at a 1-second interval.
4513 rules from the defined ruleset.
4514 The kernel must be built with
4517 .Cd "options RCTL" .
4523 This variables contains the
4529 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf" -compact
4530 .It Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf
4532 .It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
4562 .Xr newsyslog.conf 5 ,
4632 .An Jordan K. Hubbard .