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32 .Nd system configuration information
36 contains descriptive information about the local host name, configuration
37 details for any potential network interfaces and which services should be
38 started up at system initial boot time.
39 In new installations, the
41 file is generally initialized by the system installation utility,
46 is not to run commands or perform system startup actions
48 Instead, it is included by the
49 various generic startup scripts in
51 which conditionalize their
52 internal actions according to the settings found there.
56 file is included from the file
57 .Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf ,
58 which specifies the default settings for all the available options.
59 Options need only be specified in
61 when the system administrator wishes to override these defaults.
63 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
64 is used to override settings in
66 for historical reasons.
68 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
69 you can also place smaller configuration files for each
73 directory, which will be included by the
76 For jail configurations you could use the file
77 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.d/jail
78 to store jail specific configuration options.
84 .Dq Ar name Ns Li = Ns Ar value
88 The following list provides a name and short description for each
89 variable that can be set in the
92 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
97 enable output of debug messages from rc scripts.
98 This variable can be helpful in diagnosing mistakes when
99 editing or integrating new scripts.
100 Beware that this produces copious output to the terminal and
106 disable informational messages from the rc scripts.
107 Informational messages are displayed when
108 a condition that is not serious enough to warrant a warning or
116 when faststart is used (e.g., at boot time).
117 .It Va early_late_divider
119 The name of the script that should be used as the
120 delimiter between the
124 stages of the boot process.
125 The early stage should contain all the services needed to
126 get the disks (local or remote) mounted so that the late
127 stage can include scripts contained in the directories
130 variable (see below).
131 Thus, the two likely candidates for this value are
133 for the typical system, and
135 if the system needs remote file
136 systems mounted to get access to the
138 directories; for example when
146 is likely to be an appropriate value.
147 Extreme care should be taken when changing this value,
148 and before changing it one should ensure that there are
149 adequate provisions to recover from a failed boot
150 (such as physical contact with the machine,
151 or reliable remote console access).
152 .It Va always_force_depends
156 scripts use the force_depend function to check whether required
157 services are already running, and to start them if necessary.
158 By default during boot time this check is bypassed if the
159 required service is enabled in
160 .Pa /etc/rc.conf[.local] .
161 Setting this option will bypass that check at boot time and
162 always test whether or not the service is actually running.
163 Enabling this option is likely to increase your boot time if
164 services are enabled that utilize the force_depend check.
169 no swapfile is installed, otherwise the value is used as the full
170 pathname to a file to use for additional swap space.
171 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _chroot
174 to this directory before running the service.
175 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _user
177 Run the service under this user account.
178 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _group
180 Run the chrooted service under this system group. Unlike the _user
181 setting, this setting has no effect if the service is not chrooted.
182 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _fib
186 value to run the service under.
187 .It Ao Ar name Ac Ns Va _nice
191 value to run the service under.
196 enable support for Automatic Power Management with
204 to handle APM event from userland.
205 This also enables support for APM.
212 these are the flags to pass to the
219 to handle device added, removed or unknown events from the kernel.
226 scripts at boot time.
229 Configuration file for
235 A list of kernel modules to load right after the local
237 Loading modules at this point in the boot process is
238 much faster than doing it via
239 .Pa /boot/loader.conf
240 for those modules not necessary for mounting local disk.
241 .It Va kldxref_enable
248 to automatically rebuild
253 .It Va kldxref_clobber
263 will overwrite existing
270 .It Va kldxref_module_path
275 delimited list of paths containing
287 enable the system power control facility with the
296 these are the flags to pass to the
300 Controls the creation of a
303 Always happens if set to
305 and never happens if set to
307 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
311 Controls the size of a created
315 Extra options passed to the
317 utility when the memory file system for
322 which inhibits the use of softupdates on
324 so that file system space is freed without delay
325 after file truncation or deletion.
328 for other options you can use in
331 Controls the creation of a
334 Always happens if set to
336 and never happens if set to
338 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
342 Controls the size of a created
346 Extra options passed to the
348 utility when the memory file system for
353 which inhibits the use of softupdates on
355 so that file system space is freed without delay
356 after file truncation or deletion.
359 for other options you can use in
362 Controls the automatic population of the
365 Always happens if set to
367 and never happens if set to
369 If set to anything else, a memory file system is created if
372 Note that this process requires access to certain commands in
376 is mounted on normal systems.
377 .It Va cleanvar_enable
384 List of directories to search for startup script files.
385 .It Va script_name_sep
387 The field separator to use for breaking down the list of startup script files
388 into individual filenames.
389 The default is a space.
390 It is not necessary to change this unless there are startup scripts with names
392 .It Va hostapd_enable
401 The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of this host on the network.
402 This should almost certainly be set to something meaningful, even if
403 there is no network connection.
406 is used to set the hostname via DHCP,
407 this variable should be set to an empty string.
408 If this value remains unset when the system is done booting
409 your console login will display the default hostname of
413 The NIS domain name of this host, or
416 .It Va dhclient_program
418 Path to the DHCP client program
419 .Pa ( /sbin/dhclient ,
424 .It Va dhclient_flags
426 Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program.
431 manpage for a description of the command line options available.
432 .It Va dhclient_flags_ Ns Aq Ar iface
433 Additional flags to pass to the DHCP client program running on
436 When specified, this variable overrides
438 .It Va background_dhclient
442 to start the DHCP client in background.
443 This can cause trouble with applications depending on
444 a working network, but it will provide a faster startup
446 .It Va background_dhclient_ Ns Aq Ar iface
447 When specified, this variable overrides the
448 .Va background_dhclient
449 variable for interface
452 .It Va synchronous_dhclient
458 synchronously at startup.
459 This behavior can be overridden on a per-interface basis by replacing
463 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
468 .It Va defaultroute_delay
470 When set to a positive value, wait up to this long after configuring
471 DHCP interfaces at startup to give the interfaces time to receive a lease.
472 .It Va firewall_enable
476 to load firewall rules at startup.
477 If the kernel was not built with
478 .Cd "options IPFIREWALL" ,
481 kernel module will be loaded.
483 .Va ipfilter_enable .
484 .It Va firewall_script
486 This variable specifies the full path to the firewall script to run.
488 .Pa /etc/rc.firewall .
491 Names the firewall type from the selection in
492 .Pa /etc/rc.firewall ,
493 or the file which contains the local firewall ruleset.
494 Valid selections from
498 .Bl -tag -width ".Li simple" -compact
500 unrestricted IP access
502 all IP services disabled, except via
505 basic protection for a workstation
507 basic protection for a LAN.
510 If a filename is specified, the full path
512 .It Va firewall_quiet
516 to disable the display of firewall rules on the console during boot.
517 .It Va firewall_logging
521 to enable firewall event logging.
522 This is equivalent to the
523 .Dv IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
525 .It Va firewall_flags
531 specifies a filename.
532 .It Va firewall_coscripts
534 List of executables and/or rc scripts to run after firewall starts/stops.
536 .\" ----- firewall_nat_enable setting --------------------------------
537 .It Va firewall_nat_enable
549 .It Va firewall_nat_interface
555 This is the name of the public interface or IP address on which
556 kernel NAT should run.
557 .It Va firewall_nat_flags
559 Additional configuration parameters for kernel NAT should be placed here.
560 .It Va dummynet_enable
564 will automatically load the
570 .\" -------------------------------------------------------------------
586 sockets must be enabled in the kernel.
587 If the kernel was not built with
588 .Cd "options IPDIVERT" ,
591 kernel module will be loaded.
592 .It Va natd_interface
594 This is the name of the public interface on which
597 The interface may be given as an interface name or as an IP address.
602 flags should be placed here.
607 flag is automatically added with the above
610 .\" ----- ipfilter_enable setting --------------------------------
611 .It Va ipfilter_enable
622 Typical usage will require putting
624 ipfilter_enable="YES"
642 can be enabled independently.
646 both require at least one of
656 options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK
659 in the kernel configuration file is a good idea, too.
660 .\" ----- ipfilter_program setting ------------------------------
661 .It Va ipfilter_program
667 .\" ----- ipfilter_rules setting --------------------------------
668 .It Va ipfilter_rules
673 This variable contains the name of the filter rule definition file.
674 The file is expected to be readable for the
677 .\" ----- ipv6_ipfilter_rules setting ---------------------------
678 .It Va ipv6_ipfilter_rules
683 This variable contains the IPv6 filter rule definition file.
684 The file is expected to be readable for the
687 .\" ----- ipfilter_flags setting --------------------------------
688 .It Va ipfilter_flags
691 This variable contains flags passed to the
694 .\" ----- ipnat_enable setting ----------------------------------
704 network address translation.
707 for a detailed discussion.
708 .\" ----- ipnat_program setting ---------------------------------
715 .\" ----- ipnat_rules setting -----------------------------------
721 This variable contains the name of the file
722 holding the network address translation definition.
723 This file is expected to be readable for the
726 .\" ----- ipnat_flags setting -----------------------------------
730 This variable contains flags passed to the
733 .\" ----- ipmon_enable setting ----------------------------------
748 Setting this variable needs setting
755 for a detailed discussion.
756 .\" ----- ipmon_program setting ---------------------------------
763 .\" ----- ipmon_flags setting -----------------------------------
769 This variable contains flags passed to the
772 Another typical example would be
773 .Dq Fl D Pa /var/log/ipflog
776 log directly to a file bypassing
779 .Pa /etc/newsyslog.conf
780 in such case like this:
782 /var/log/ipflog 640 10 100 * Z /var/run/ipmon.pid
784 .\" ----- ipfs_enable setting -----------------------------------
794 saving the filter and NAT state tables during shutdown
795 and reloading them during startup again.
796 Setting this variable needs setting
805 for a detailed discussion.
811 because the raised securelevel will prevent
813 from saving the state tables at shutdown time.
814 .\" ----- ipfs_program setting ----------------------------------
821 .\" ----- ipfs_flags setting ------------------------------------
825 This variable contains flags passed to the
828 .\" ----- end of added ipf hook ---------------------------------
840 Typical usage will require putting
855 into the kernel, otherwise the
856 kernel module will be loaded.
861 ruleset configuration file
876 these flags are passed to the
878 program when loading the ruleset.
888 which logs packets from the
901 .Pa /var/log/pflog ) .
903 .Pa /etc/newsyslog.conf
904 to adjust logfile rotation for this.
914 This variable contains additional flags passed to the
917 .It Va ftpproxy_enable
928 packet filter in translating ftp connections.
929 .It Va ftpproxy_flags
932 This variable contains additional flags passed to the
944 state changes to other hosts over the network by means of
949 must also be set then.
950 .It Va pfsync_syncdev
953 This variable specifies the name of the network interface
955 should operate through.
956 It must be set accordingly if
960 .It Va pfsync_syncpeer
963 This variable is optional.
964 By default, state change messages are sent out on the synchronisation
965 interface using IP multicast packets.
966 The protocol is IP protocol 240, PFSYNC, and the multicast group used is
968 When a peer address is specified using the
970 option, the peer address is used as a destination for the pfsync
971 traffic, and the traffic can then be protected using
975 manpage for more details about using
980 .It Va pfsync_ifconfig
983 This variable can contain additional options to be passed to the
985 command used to set up
987 .It Va tcp_extensions
994 disables certain TCP options as described by
1000 might help remedy such problems with connections as randomly hanging
1001 or other weird behavior.
1002 Some network devices are known
1003 to be broken with respect to these options.
1006 Set to 0 by default.
1010 .Va net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain
1012 .Va net.inet.udp.log_in_vain ,
1017 are set to the given value.
1018 .It Va tcp_keepalive
1025 will disable probing idle TCP connections to verify that the
1026 peer is still up and reachable.
1027 .It Va tcp_drop_synfin
1034 will cause the kernel to ignore TCP frames that have both
1035 the SYN and FIN flags set.
1036 This prevents OS fingerprinting, but may
1037 break some legitimate applications.
1038 .It Va icmp_drop_redirect
1045 will cause the kernel to ignore ICMP REDIRECT packets.
1048 for more information.
1049 .It Va icmp_log_redirect
1056 will cause the kernel to log ICMP REDIRECT packets.
1058 the log messages are not rate-limited, so this option should only be used
1059 for troubleshooting networks.
1062 for more information.
1063 .It Va icmp_bmcastecho
1067 to respond to broadcast or multicast ICMP ping packets.
1070 for more information.
1071 .It Va ip_portrange_first
1075 this is the first port in the default portrange.
1078 for more information.
1079 .It Va ip_portrange_last
1083 this is the last port in the default portrange.
1086 for more information.
1087 .It Va network_interfaces
1089 Set to the list of network interfaces to configure on this host or
1091 (the default) for all current interfaces.
1093 .Va network_interfaces
1094 variable to anything other than the default is deprecated.
1095 Interfaces that the administrator wishes to store configuration for,
1096 but not start at boot should be configured with the
1099 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1100 variables as described below.
1103 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1104 variable is also assumed to exist for each value of
1106 When an interface name contains any of the characters
1108 they are translated to
1111 The variable can contain arguments to
1113 as well as special case-insensitive keywords described below.
1114 Such keywords are removed before passing the value to
1116 while the order of the other arguments is preserved.
1118 It is possible to add IP alias entries using
1120 syntax with the address family keyword such as
1122 Assuming that the interface in question was
1124 it might look something like this:
1126 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
1127 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1130 It also possible to configure multiple IP addresses in Classless
1131 Inter-Domain Routing
1134 whose each address component can be a range like
1135 .Li inet 192.0.2.5-23/24
1137 .Li inet6 2001:db8:1-f::1/64 .
1138 This notation allows address and prefix length part only,
1139 not the other address modifiers.
1142 .Li 192.0.2.5-23/24 ,
1143 the address 192.0.2.5 will be configured with the
1144 netmask /24 and the addresses 192.0.2.6 to 192.0.2.23 with
1145 the non-conflicting netmask /32 as explained in the
1148 Note that this special netmask handling is only for
1150 not for the other address families such as
1153 With the interface in question being
1155 an example could look like:
1157 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 192.0.2.129/27"
1158 ifconfig_ed0_alias3="inet 192.0.2.1-5/28"
1164 .Va ipv4_addrs_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1165 variable was supported for IPv4 CIDR address notation.
1166 It is now deprecated because the functionality was integrated into
1167 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1169 .Va ipv4_addrs_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1170 is still supported for backward compatibility.
1173 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1174 entry with an address family keyword,
1175 its contents are passed to
1177 Execution stops at the first unsuccessful access, so if
1178 something like this is present:
1180 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff"
1181 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff"
1182 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff"
1183 ifconfig_ed0_alias4="inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1186 Then note that alias4 would
1188 be added since the search would
1189 stop with the missing
1192 Due to this difficult to manage behavior, the
1193 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1196 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _aliases
1197 variable, which has the same functionality as
1198 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1199 and can have all of entries in a variable like the following:
1201 ifconfig_ed0_aliases="\\
1202 inet 127.0.0.251 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1203 inet 127.0.0.252 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1204 inet 127.0.0.253 netmask 0xffffffff \\
1205 inet 127.0.0.254 netmask 0xffffffff"
1208 It also supports CIDR notation.
1211 .Pa /etc/start_if. Ns Aq Ar interface
1212 file is present, it is read and executed by the
1215 before configuring the interface as specified in the
1216 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1218 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1222 .Va vlans_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1226 interface will be created for each item in the list with the
1230 If a vlan interface's name is a number,
1231 then that number is used as the vlan tag and the new vlan interface is
1233 .Ar interface . Ns Ar tag .
1235 the vlan tag must be specified via a
1238 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1241 To create a vlan device named
1245 with the vlan tag 101 and the optional the IPv4 address 192.0.2.1/24:
1248 ifconfig_em0_101="inet 192.0.2.1/24"
1251 To create a vlan device named
1255 with the vlan tag 102:
1258 create_args_myvlan="vlan 102"
1262 .Va wlans_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1266 interface will be created for each item in the list with the
1270 Further wlan cloning arguments may be passed to the
1273 command by setting the
1274 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1278 devices must be created for each wireless devices as of
1284 may be specified with an
1285 .Va wlandebug_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1287 The contents of this variable will be passed directly to
1291 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1292 contains the keyword
1294 then the interface will not be configured
1296 .Pa /etc/pccard_ether
1298 .Va network_interfaces
1302 It is possible to bring up an interface with DHCP by adding
1305 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1307 For instance, to initialize the
1310 it is possible to use something like:
1315 Also, if you want to configure your wireless interface with
1316 .Xr wpa_supplicant 8
1317 for use with WPA, EAP/LEAP or WEP, you need to add
1320 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1323 Finally, you can add
1325 options in this variable, in addition to the
1326 .Pa /etc/start_if. Ns Aq Ar interface
1328 For instance, to configure an
1330 wireless device in station mode with an address obtained
1331 via DHCP, using WPA authentication and 802.11b mode, it is
1332 possible to use something like:
1335 ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP WPA mode 11b"
1339 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1340 form, a fallback variable
1341 .Va ifconfig_DEFAULT
1343 It will be used for all interfaces with no
1344 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1346 This is intended to replace the no longer supported
1350 It is also possible to rename an interface by doing:
1352 ifconfig_ed0_name="net0"
1353 ifconfig_net0="inet 192.0.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00"
1357 This variable is deprecated.
1359 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1361 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1366 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
1368 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1370 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1375 This variable is deprecated.
1377 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1382 the default address selection policy table set by
1384 will be IPv6-preferred.
1388 the default address selection policy table set by
1390 will be IPv4-preferred.
1391 .It Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1393 This controls initial configuration on IPv6-capable
1394 interfaces with no corresponding
1395 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1397 Note that it is not always necessary to set this variable to
1399 to use IPv6 functionality on
1401 In most cases, just configuring
1402 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1407 all interfaces which do not have a corresponding
1408 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1409 variable will be marked as
1412 This means that all of IPv6 functionality on that interface
1413 is completely disabled to enforce a security policy.
1414 If the variable is set to
1416 the flag will be cleared on all of the interfaces.
1418 In most cases, just defining an
1419 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1420 for an IPv6-capable interface should be sufficient.
1421 However, if an interface is added dynamically
1422 .Pq by some tunneling protocols such as PPP, for example ,
1423 it is often difficult to define the variable in advance.
1424 In such a case, configuring the
1426 flag can be disabled by setting this variable to
1429 For more details of the
1432 .Dq Li inet6 ifdisabled ,
1442 privacy addresses will be generated for each IPv6
1443 interface as described in RFC 4941.
1444 .It Va ipv6_network_interfaces
1446 This is the IPv6 equivalent of
1447 .Va network_interfaces .
1448 Normally manual configuration of this variable is not needed.
1450 .It Va ipv6_cpe_wanif
1452 If the variable is set to an interface name,
1456 .Dq inet6 -no_radr accept_rtadv
1457 will be added to the specified interface automatically before evaluating
1458 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6 ,
1462 .Va net.inet6.ip6.rfc6204w3
1464 .Va net.inet6.ip6.no_radr
1467 This means the specified interface will accept ICMPv6 Router
1468 Advertisement messages on that link and add the discovered
1469 routers into the Default Router List.
1470 While the other interfaces can still accept RA messages if the
1471 .Dq inet6 accept_rtadv
1472 option is specified, adding
1473 routes into the Default Router List will be disabled by
1480 Note that ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages will be
1482 .Va net.inet6.ip6.forwarding
1484 .Pq packet forwarding is enabled
1486 .Va net.inet6.ip6.rfc6204w3
1491 .It Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1493 IPv6 functionality on an interface should be configured by
1494 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6 ,
1495 instead of setting ifconfig parameters in
1496 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface .
1497 If this variable is empty, all of IPv6 configurations on the
1498 specified interface by other variables such as
1499 .Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac
1502 Aliases should be set by
1503 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns Va _alias Ns Aq Ar n
1509 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:1::1 prefixlen 64"
1510 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet6 2001:db8:2::1 prefixlen 64"
1513 Interfaces that have an
1514 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
1516 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1517 setting will be automatically configured by SLAAC
1518 .Pq StateLess Address AutoConfiguration
1524 Note that a link-local address will be automatically configured in
1525 addition to the configured global-scope addresses because the IPv6
1526 specifications require it on each link.
1527 The address is calculated from the MAC address by using an algorithm
1534 If only a link-local address is needed on the interface,
1535 the following configuration can be used:
1537 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 auto_linklocal"
1540 A link-local address can also be configured manually.
1541 This is useful for the default router address of an IPv6 router
1542 so that it does not change when the network interface
1546 ifconfig_ed0_ipv6="inet6 fe80::1 prefixlen 64"
1548 .It Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1550 If one or more prefixes are defined in
1551 .Va ipv6_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1552 addresses based on each prefix and the EUI-64 interface index will be
1553 configured on that interface.
1554 Note that this variable will be ignored when
1555 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Ao Ar interface Ac Ns _ipv6
1558 For example, the following configuration
1560 ipv6_prefix_ed0="2001:db8:1:0 2001:db8:2:0"
1563 is equivalent to the following:
1565 ifconfig_ed0_alias0="inet6 2001:db8:1:: eui64 prefixlen 64"
1566 ifconfig_ed0_alias1="inet6 2001:db8:1:: prefixlen 64 anycast"
1567 ifconfig_ed0_alias2="inet6 2001:db8:2:: eui64 prefixlen 64"
1568 ifconfig_ed0_alias3="inet6 2001:db8:2:: prefixlen 64 anycast"
1571 These Subnet-Router anycast addresses will be added only when
1572 .Va ipv6_gateway_enable
1574 .It Va ipv6_default_interface
1578 this is the default output interface for scoped addresses.
1579 This works only with ipv6_gateway_enable="NO".
1580 .It Va ip6addrctl_enable
1582 This variable is to enable configuring default address selection policy table
1584 The table can be specified in another variable
1585 .Va ip6addrctl_policy .
1587 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1588 the following keywords can be specified:
1589 .Dq Li ipv4_prefer ,
1590 .Dq Li ipv6_prefer ,
1600 installs a pre-defined policy table described in Section 2.1
1608 is specified, it attempts to read a file
1609 .Pa /etc/ip6addrctl.conf
1611 If this file is found,
1613 reads and installs it.
1614 If not found, a policy is automatically set
1616 .Va ipv6_activate_all_interfaces
1617 variable; if the variable is set to
1619 the IPv6-preferred one is used.
1620 Otherwise IPv4-preferred.
1622 The default value of
1623 .Va ip6addrctl_enable
1625 .Va ip6addrctl_policy
1631 .It Va cloned_interfaces
1633 Set to the list of clonable network interfaces to create on this host.
1634 Further cloning arguments may be passed to the
1637 command for each interface by setting the
1638 .Va create_args_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1641 .Va cloned_interfaces
1642 are automatically appended to
1643 .Va network_interfaces
1645 .It Va fec_interfaces
1649 Fast EtherChannel interfaces to configure on this host.
1651 .Va fecconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1652 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1654 The value of this variable is used to configure link aggregated interfaces
1655 according to the syntax of the
1656 .Cm NGM_FEC_ADD_IFACE
1660 Additionally, this option ensures that each listed interface is created
1665 before attempting to configure it.
1668 fec_interfaces="fec0"
1669 fecconfig_fec0="em0 em1"
1670 ifconfig_fec0="DHCP"
1672 .It Va gif_interfaces
1676 tunnel interfaces to configure on this host.
1678 .Va gifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1679 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1681 The value of this variable is used to configure the link layer of the
1682 tunnel according to the syntax of the
1686 Additionally, this option ensures that each listed interface is created
1691 before attempting to configure it.
1692 .It Va sppp_interfaces
1696 interfaces to configure on this host.
1698 .Va spppconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1699 variable is assumed to exist for each value of
1701 Each interface should also be configured by a general
1702 .Va ifconfig_ Ns Aq Ar interface
1706 for more information about available options.
1716 The name of the profile to use from
1717 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
1718 Also used for per-profile overrides of
1723 .Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _unit .
1724 When the profile name contains any of the characters
1726 they are translated to
1728 for the proposes of the override variable names.
1731 Mode in which to run the
1734 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _mode
1736 Overrides the global
1746 See the manual for a full description.
1751 enables network address translation.
1752 Used in conjunction with
1754 allows hosts on private network addresses access to the Internet using
1755 this host as a network address translating router.
1756 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _nat
1758 Overrides the global
1762 .It Va ppp_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _unit
1764 Set the unit number to be used for this profile.
1765 See the manual description of
1770 The name of the user under which
1778 .It Va rc_conf_files
1780 This option is used to specify a list of files that will override
1782 .Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf .
1783 The files will be read in the order in which they are specified and should
1784 include the full path to the file.
1785 By default, the files specified are
1788 .Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
1794 will attempt to automatically mount ZFS file systems and initialize ZFS volumes
1796 .It Va gptboot_enable
1800 .Pa /etc/rc.d/gptboot
1801 will log if the system successfully (or not) booted from a GPT partition,
1807 .It Va gbde_autoattach_all
1812 will attempt to automatically initialize your .bde devices in
1816 List the devices that the script should try to attach,
1821 The directory where the
1823 lockfiles are located.
1824 The default lockfile directory is
1827 The lockfile for each individual
1829 device can be overridden by setting the variable
1830 .Va gbde_lock_ Ns Aq Ar device ,
1833 is the encrypted device without the
1838 .It Va gbde_attach_attempts
1840 Number of times to attempt attaching to a
1842 device, i.e., how many times the user is asked for the pass-phrase.
1846 List of devices to automatically attach on boot.
1847 Note that .eli devices from
1849 are automatically appended to this list.
1852 Number of times user is asked for the pass-phrase.
1853 If empty, it will be taken from
1854 .Va kern.geom.eli.tries
1856 .It Va geli_default_flags
1858 Default flags to use by
1860 when configuring disk encryption.
1861 Flags can be configured for every device separately by defining
1862 .Va geli_ Ns Ao Ar device Ac Ns Va _flags
1864 .It Va geli_autodetach
1866 Specifies if GELI devices should be marked for detach on last close after
1867 file systems are mounted.
1870 This can be changed for every device separately by defining
1871 .Va geli_ Ns Ao Ar device Ac Ns Va _autodetach
1873 .It Va geli_swap_flags
1874 Options passed to the
1876 utility when encrypted GEOM providers for swap partitions are created.
1878 .Dq Li "-e aes -l 256 -s 4096 -d" .
1879 .It Va root_rw_mount
1884 After the file systems are checked at boot time, the root file system
1885 is remounted as read-write if this is set to
1887 Diskless systems that mount their root file system from a read-only remote
1888 NFS share should set this to
1892 .It Va fsck_y_enable
1897 will be run with the
1899 flag if the initial preen
1900 of the file systems fails.
1901 .It Va background_fsck
1905 the system will attempt to run
1907 in the background where possible.
1908 .It Va background_fsck_delay
1910 The amount of time in seconds to sleep before starting a background
1912 It defaults to sixty seconds to allow large applications such as
1913 the X server to start before disk I/O bandwidth is monopolized by
1915 If set to a negative number, the background file system check will be
1916 delayed indefinitely to allow the administrator to run it at a more
1918 For example it may be run from
1920 by adding a line like
1922 .Dl "0 4 * * * root /etc/rc.d/bgfsck forcestart"
1928 List of file system types that are network-based.
1929 This list should generally not be modified by end users.
1931 .Va extra_netfs_types
1933 .It Va extra_netfs_types
1935 If set to something other than
1938 this variable extends the list of file system types
1939 for which automatic mounting at startup by
1941 should be delayed until the network is initialized.
1943 a whitespace-separated list of network file system descriptor pairs,
1944 each consisting of a file system type as passed to
1946 and a human-readable, one-word description,
1949 Extending the default list in this way is only necessary
1950 when third party file system types are used.
1951 .It Va syslogd_enable
1958 .It Va syslogd_program
1963 .Pa /usr/sbin/syslogd ) .
1964 .It Va syslogd_flags
1970 these are the flags to pass to
1979 .It Va inetd_program
1984 .Pa /usr/sbin/inetd ) .
1991 these are the flags to pass to
2000 .It Va hastd_program
2012 these are the flags to pass to
2021 .It Va named_program
2026 .Pa /usr/sbin/named ) .
2031 configuration file, (default
2032 .Pa /etc/namedb/named.conf ) .
2039 these are the flags to pass to
2045 process should be run as.
2046 .It Va named_chrootdir
2048 The root directory for a name server run in a
2050 environment (default
2054 will not be run in a
2057 .It Va named_chroot_autoupdate
2061 to disable automatic update of the
2064 .It Va named_symlink_enable
2068 to disable symlinking of
2077 loop until working name service is established.
2078 .It Va named_wait_host
2080 Name of host to lookup for the named_wait option.
2082 .It Va named_auto_forward
2084 Set to enable automatic creation of a forwarder
2085 configuration file derived from
2086 .Pa /etc/resolv.conf .
2087 .It Va named_auto_forward_only
2089 Set to change the default forwarder configuration from
2093 .It Va kerberos5_server_enable
2097 to start a Kerberos 5 authentication server
2099 .It Va kerberos5_server
2102 .Va kerberos5_server_enable
2105 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Authentication Server.
2106 .It Va kerberos5_server_flags
2109 This variable contains additional flags to be passed to the Kerberos 5
2110 authentication server.
2111 .It Va kadmind5_server_enable
2117 the Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon; set to
2120 .It Va kadmind5_server
2123 .Va kadmind5_server_enable
2126 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Administration Daemon.
2127 .It Va kpasswdd_server_enable
2133 the Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon; set to
2136 .It Va kpasswdd_server
2139 .Va kpasswdd_server_enable
2142 this is the path to Kerberos 5 Password-Changing Daemon.
2149 daemon at boot time.
2156 these are the flags to pass to it.
2163 daemon at boot time.
2170 these are the flags to pass to it.
2173 manpage for more information.
2174 .It Va amd_map_program
2177 the specified program is run to get the list of
2182 maps are stored in NIS, one can set this to
2195 will be updated at boot time to reflect the kernel release
2200 will not be updated.
2201 .It Va nfs_client_enable
2205 run the NFS client daemons at boot time.
2206 .It Va nfs_access_cache
2209 .Va nfs_client_enable
2214 to disable NFS ACCESS RPC caching, or to the number of seconds for which
2216 results should be cached.
2217 A value of 2-10 seconds will substantially reduce network
2218 traffic for many NFS operations.
2219 .It Va nfs_server_enable
2223 run the NFS server daemons at boot time.
2224 .It Va nfs_server_flags
2227 .Va nfs_server_enable
2230 these are the flags to pass to the
2233 .It Va nfsv4_server_enable
2236 .Va nfs_server_enable
2240 .Va nfsv4_server_enable
2243 enable the server for NFSv4 as well as NFSv2 and NFSv3.
2244 .It Va nfsuserd_enable
2250 run the nfsuserd daemon, which is needed for NFSv4 in order
2251 to map between user/group names vs uid/gid numbers.
2253 .Va nfsv4_server_enable
2256 this will be forced enabled.
2257 .It Va nfsuserd_flags
2263 these are the flags to pass to the
2266 .It Va nfscbd_enable
2272 run the nfscbd daemon, which enables callbacks/delegations for the NFSv4 client.
2279 these are the flags to pass to the
2282 .It Va oldnfs_server_enable
2285 .Va oldnfs_server_enable
2288 force the NFS server daemons to run the old NFS server code
2289 that does not support NFSv4.
2290 .It Va mountd_enable
2295 .Va nfs_server_enable
2301 It is commonly needed to run CFS without real NFS used.
2308 these are the flags to pass to the
2311 .It Va weak_mountd_authentication
2315 allow services like PCNFSD to make non-privileged mount
2317 .It Va nfs_reserved_port_only
2321 provide NFS services only on a secure port.
2322 .It Va nfs_bufpackets
2324 If set to a number, indicates the number of packets worth of
2325 socket buffer space to reserve on an NFS client.
2326 The kernel default is typically 4.
2327 Using a higher number may be
2328 useful on gigabit networks to improve performance.
2329 The minimum value is
2330 2 and the maximum is 64.
2331 .It Va rpc_lockd_enable
2335 and also an NFS server or client, run
2338 .It Va rpc_lockd_flags
2341 .Va rpc_lockd_enable
2344 these are the flags to pass to the
2347 .It Va rpc_statd_enable
2351 and also an NFS server or client, run
2354 .It Va rpc_statd_flags
2357 .Va rpc_statd_enable
2360 these are the flags to pass to the
2363 .It Va rpcbind_program
2368 .Pa /usr/sbin/rpcbind ) .
2369 .It Va rpcbind_enable
2375 service at boot time.
2376 .It Va rpcbind_flags
2382 these are the flags to pass to the
2385 .It Va keyserv_enable
2391 daemon on boot for running Secure RPC.
2392 .It Va keyserv_flags
2398 these are the flags to pass to
2401 .It Va pppoed_enable
2407 daemon at boot time to provide PPP over Ethernet services.
2408 .It Va pppoed_ Ns Aq Ar provider
2411 listens to requests to this
2417 argument of the same name.
2420 Additional flags to pass to
2422 .It Va pppoed_interface
2424 The network interface to run
2427 This is mandatory when
2437 service at boot time.
2438 This command is intended for networks of
2439 machines where a consistent
2441 for all hosts must be established.
2442 This is often useful in large NFS
2443 environments where time stamps on files are expected to be consistent
2451 these are the flags to pass to the
2454 .It Va ntpdate_enable
2461 This command is intended to
2462 synchronize the system clock only
2464 from some standard reference.
2465 An option to set this up initially
2466 (from a list of known servers) is also provided by the
2468 program when the system is first installed.
2469 .It Va ntpdate_config
2471 Configuration file for
2475 .It Va ntpdate_hosts
2477 A whitespace-separated list of NTP servers to synchronize with at startup.
2478 The default is to use the servers listed in
2479 .Va ntpdate_config ,
2480 if that file exists.
2481 .It Va ntpdate_program
2486 .Pa /usr/sbin/ntpdate ) .
2487 .It Va ntpdate_flags
2493 these are the flags to pass to the
2495 command (typically a hostname).
2502 command at boot time.
2508 .Pa /usr/sbin/ntpd ) .
2522 these are the flags to pass to the
2525 .It Va ntpd_sync_on_start
2532 flag, which syncs the system's clock on startup.
2535 for more information regarding the
2538 This is a preferred alternative to using
2543 .It Va nis_client_enable
2549 service at system boot time.
2550 .It Va nis_client_flags
2553 .Va nis_client_enable
2556 these are the flags to pass to the
2559 .It Va nis_ypset_enable
2565 daemon at system boot time.
2566 .It Va nis_ypset_flags
2569 .Va nis_ypset_enable
2572 these are the flags to pass to the
2575 .It Va nis_server_enable
2581 daemon at system boot time.
2582 .It Va nis_server_flags
2585 .Va nis_server_enable
2588 these are the flags to pass to the
2591 .It Va nis_ypxfrd_enable
2597 daemon at system boot time.
2598 .It Va nis_ypxfrd_flags
2601 .Va nis_ypxfrd_enable
2604 these are the flags to pass to the
2607 .It Va nis_yppasswdd_enable
2613 daemon at system boot time.
2614 .It Va nis_yppasswdd_flags
2617 .Va nis_yppasswdd_enable
2620 these are the flags to pass to the
2623 .It Va rpc_ypupdated_enable
2629 daemon at system boot time.
2630 .It Va bsnmpd_enable
2636 daemon at system boot time.
2637 Be sure to understand the security implications of running SNMP daemon
2645 these are the flags to pass to the
2648 .It Va defaultrouter
2652 create a default route to this host name or IP address
2653 (use an IP address if this router is also required to get to the
2655 .It Va ipv6_defaultrouter
2657 The IPv6 equivalent of
2659 .It Va static_arp_pairs
2661 Set to the list of static ARP pairs that are to be added at system
2663 For each whitespace separated
2666 .Va static_arp_ Ns Aq Ar element
2667 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2672 static_arp_pairs="gw"
2673 static_arp_gw="192.168.1.1 00:01:02:03:04:05"
2675 .It Va static_ndp_pairs
2677 Set to the list of static NDP pairs that are to be added at system
2679 For each whitespace separated
2682 .Va static_ndp_ Ns Aq Ar element
2683 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2688 static_ndp_pairs="gw"
2689 static_ndp_gw="2001:db8:3::1 00:01:02:03:04:05"
2691 .It Va static_routes
2693 Set to the list of static routes that are to be added at system
2697 then for each whitespace separated
2700 .Va route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2701 variable is assumed to exist
2702 whose contents will later be passed to a
2707 static_routes="mcast gif0local"
2708 route_mcast="-net 224.0.0.0/4 -iface gif0"
2709 route_gif0local="-host 169.254.1.1 -iface lo0"
2711 .It Va ipv6_static_routes
2713 The IPv6 equivalent of
2717 then for each whitespace separated
2720 .Va ipv6_route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2721 variable is assumed to exist
2722 whose contents will later be passed to a
2723 .Dq Nm route Cm add Fl inet6
2725 .It Va natm_static_routes
2731 If not empty then for each whitespace separated
2734 .Va route_ Ns Aq Ar element
2735 variable is assumed to exist whose contents will later be passed to a
2736 .Dq Nm atmconfig Cm natm Cm add
2738 .It Va gateway_enable
2742 configure host to act as an IP router, e.g.\& to forward packets
2744 .It Va ipv6_gateway_enable
2746 The IPv6 equivalent of
2747 .Va gateway_enable .
2748 .It Va routed_enable
2752 run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the
2757 .It Va route6d_enable
2759 The IPv6 equivalent of
2763 run a routing daemon of some sort, based on the
2768 .It Va routed_program
2774 this is the name of the routing daemon to use.
2775 .It Va route6d_program
2777 The IPv6 equivalent of
2778 .Va routed_program .
2785 these are the flags to pass to the routing daemon.
2786 .It Va route6d_flags
2788 The IPv6 equivalent of
2790 .It Va mrouted_enable
2794 run the multicast routing daemon,
2796 .It Va mroute6d_enable
2798 The IPv6 equivalent of
2799 .Va mrouted_enable .
2802 run the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2804 Note that multicast routing daemons are no longer included in the
2806 base system, however, both
2810 may be installed from the
2813 .It Va mrouted_flags
2819 these are the flags to pass to the
2822 .It Va mroute6d_flags
2824 The IPv6 equivalent of
2830 these are the flags passed to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2831 .It Va mroute6d_program
2837 this is the path to the IPv6 multicast routing daemon.
2838 .It Va rtadvd_enable
2844 daemon at boot time.
2847 utility sends ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages to
2848 the interfaces specified in
2849 .Va rtadvd_interfaces .
2850 This should only be enabled with great care.
2851 You may want to fine-tune
2853 .It Va rtadvd_interfaces
2859 this is the list of interfaces to use.
2860 .It Va ipxgateway_enable
2864 enable the routing of IPX traffic.
2865 .It Va ipxrouted_enable
2871 daemon at system boot time.
2872 .It Va ipxrouted_flags
2875 .Va ipxrouted_enable
2878 these are the flags to pass to the
2885 enable global proxy ARP.
2886 .It Va forward_sourceroute
2894 source-routed packets are forwarded.
2895 .It Va accept_sourceroute
2899 the system will accept source-routed packets directed at it.
2906 daemon at system boot time.
2913 these are the flags to pass to the
2916 .It Va bootparamd_enable
2922 daemon at system boot time.
2923 .It Va bootparamd_flags
2926 .Va bootparamd_enable
2929 these are the flags to pass to the
2932 .It Va stf_interface_ipv4addr
2936 this is the local IPv4 address for 6to4 (IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling
2938 Specify this entry to enable the 6to4 interface.
2939 .It Va stf_interface_ipv4plen
2941 Prefix length for 6to4 IPv4 addresses, to limit peer address range.
2942 An effective value is 0-31.
2943 .It Va stf_interface_ipv6_ifid
2945 IPv6 interface ID for
2949 .It Va stf_interface_ipv6_slaid
2951 IPv6 Site Level Aggregator for
2953 .It Va ipv6_faith_prefix
2957 this is the faith prefix to enable a FAITH IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP
2962 .It Va ipv6_ipv4mapping
2966 this enables IPv4 mapped IPv6 address communication (like
2967 .Li ::ffff:a.b.c.d ) .
2968 .It Va rtsold_enable
2974 daemon to send ICMPv6 Router Solicitation messages.
2981 these are the flags to pass to
2985 For interfaces configured with the
2986 .Dq Li inet6 accept_rtadv
2987 keyword, these are the flags to pass to
2992 is mutually exclusive to
3000 to enable the configuration of ATM interfaces at system boot time.
3001 For all of the ATM variables described below, please refer to the
3003 manual page for further details on the available command parameters.
3004 Also refer to the files in
3005 .Pa /usr/share/examples/atm
3006 for more detailed configuration information.
3009 This is a list of physical ATM interface drivers to load.
3014 .It Va atm_netif_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3016 For the ATM physical interface
3018 this variable defines the name prefix and count for the ATM network
3019 interfaces to be created.
3020 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3021 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set netif" Ar intf
3023 .It Va atm_sigmgr_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3025 For the ATM physical interface
3027 this variable defines the ATM signalling manager to be used.
3028 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3029 .Dq Nm atm Cm attach Ar intf
3031 .It Va atm_prefix_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3033 For the ATM physical interface
3035 this variable defines the NSAP prefix for interfaces using a UNI signalling
3039 the prefix will automatically be set via the
3042 Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an
3043 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set prefix" Ar intf
3045 .It Va atm_macaddr_ Ns Aq Ar intf
3047 For the ATM physical interface
3049 this variable defines the MAC address for interfaces using a UNI signalling
3053 the hardware MAC address contained in the ATM interface card will be used.
3054 Otherwise, the value will be passed as the parameters of an
3055 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set mac" Ar intf
3057 .It Va atm_arpserver_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3059 For the ATM network interface
3061 this variable defines the ATM address for a host which is to provide ATMARP
3063 This variable is only applicable to interfaces using a UNI signalling
3067 this host will become an ATMARP server.
3068 The value will be passed as the parameters of an
3069 .Dq Nm atm Cm "set arpserver" Ar netif
3071 .It Va atm_scsparp_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3075 SCSP/ATMARP service for the network interface
3077 will be initiated using the
3082 This variable is only applicable if
3083 .Va atm_arpserver_ Ns Aq Ar netif
3088 Set to the list of ATM PVCs to be added at system
3090 For each whitespace separated
3093 .Va atm_pvc_ Ns Aq Ar element
3094 variable is assumed to exist.
3095 The value of each of these variables
3096 will be passed as the parameters of an
3097 .Dq Nm atm Cm "add pvc"
3101 Set to the list of permanent ATM ARP entries to be added
3102 at system boot time.
3103 For each whitespace separated
3106 .Va atm_arp_ Ns Aq Ar element
3107 variable is assumed to exist.
3108 The value of each of these variables
3109 will be passed as the parameters of an
3110 .Dq Nm atm Cm "add arp"
3112 .It Va natm_interfaces
3116 interfaces that will also be used for HARP through
3118 If this list is not empty all interfaces in the list will be brought up
3124 For this to work the interface drivers must be either compiled into the
3125 kernel or must reside on the root partition.
3128 The keyboard bell sound.
3135 if the default behavior is desired.
3136 For details, refer to the
3141 If set to a non-null string, the virtual console's keyboard input is
3147 no keymap is installed, otherwise the value is used to install
3149 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/ Ns Ao Ar value Ac Ns Pa .kbd .
3152 The keyboard repeat speed.
3159 if the default behavior is desired.
3164 attempt to program the function keys with the value.
3166 be a single string of the form:
3167 .Dq Ar funkey_number new_value Op Ar funkey_number new_value ... .
3170 Can be set to the value of
3173 .Dq Li destructive ,
3176 to set the cursor behavior explicitly or choose the default behavior.
3181 no screen map is installed, otherwise the value is used to install
3182 the screen map file in
3183 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps/ Ns Aq Ar value .
3188 the default 8x16 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3190 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3196 the default 8x14 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3198 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3204 the default 8x8 font value is used for screen size requests, otherwise
3206 .Pa /usr/share/syscons/fonts/ Ns Aq Ar value
3212 the default screen blanking interval is used, otherwise it is set
3220 this is the actual screen saver to use
3221 .Li ( blank , snake , daemon ,
3223 .It Va moused_nondefault_enable
3227 the mouse device specified on
3228 the command line is not automatically treated as enabled by the
3229 .Pa /etc/rc.d/moused
3231 Having this variable set to
3237 to be enabled as soon as it is plugged in.
3238 .It Va moused_enable
3244 daemon is started for doing cut/paste selection on the console.
3247 This is the protocol type of the mouse connected to this host.
3248 This variable must be set if
3255 is able to detect the appropriate mouse type automatically in many cases.
3256 Set this variable to
3258 to let the daemon detect it, or
3259 select one from the following list if the automatic detection fails.
3261 If the mouse is attached to the PS/2 mouse port, choose
3265 regardless of the brand and model of the mouse.
3267 mouse is attached to the bus mouse port, choose
3271 All other protocols are for serial mice and will not work with
3272 the PS/2 and bus mice.
3273 If this is a USB mouse,
3275 is the only protocol type which will work.
3277 .Bl -tag -width ".Li x10mouseremote" -compact
3279 Microsoft mouse (serial)
3281 Microsoft IntelliMouse (serial)
3283 Mouse systems Corp.\& mouse (serial)
3285 MM Series mouse (serial)
3287 Logitech mouse (serial)
3291 Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan (serial)
3293 ALPS GlidePoint (serial)
3294 .It Li thinkingmouse
3295 Kensington ThinkingMouse (serial)
3299 MM HitTablet (serial)
3300 .It Li x10mouseremote
3301 X10 MouseRemote (serial)
3303 Interlink VersaPad (serial)
3306 Even if the mouse is not in the above list, it may be compatible
3307 with one in the list.
3308 Refer to the manual page for
3310 for compatibility information.
3312 It should also be noted that while this is enabled, any
3313 other client of the mouse (such as an X server) should access
3314 the mouse through the virtual mouse device,
3316 and configure it as a
3318 type mouse, since all
3319 mouse data is converted to this single canonical format when
3322 If the client program does not support the
3328 It is the second preferred type.
3335 this is the actual port the mouse is on.
3338 for a COM1 serial mouse,
3342 for a bus mouse, for example.
3347 is set, its value is used as an additional set of flags to pass to the
3350 .It Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3352 .Va moused_nondefault_enable
3355 daemon is started for a non-default port, the
3356 .Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3357 set of options has precedence over and replaces the default
3361 is the name of the non-default port, i.e.,\&
3364 .Va "moused_" Ns Ar XXX Ns Va "_flags"
3365 it is possible to set up a different set of default flags for each
3368 For example, you can use
3372 to make your laptop's touchpad more comfortable to use,
3373 but an empty set of options for
3374 .Va moused_ums0_flags
3377 mouse has three or more buttons.
3378 .It Va mousechar_start
3382 the default mouse cursor character range
3383 .Li 0xd0 Ns - Ns Li 0xd3
3385 otherwise the range start is set
3390 Use if the default range is occupied in the language code table.
3391 .It Va allscreens_flags
3395 is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals
3399 will enable the mouse pointer on all virtual terminals
3404 .It Va allscreens_kbdflags
3408 is run with these options for each of the virtual terminals
3414 scrollback (history) buffer to 200 lines.
3421 daemon at system boot time.
3427 .Pa /usr/sbin/cron ) .
3434 these are the flags to pass to
3440 enable the special handling of transitions to and from the
3441 Daylight Saving Time in
3443 (equivalent to using the flag
3450 .Pa /usr/sbin/lpd ) .
3457 daemon at system boot time.
3464 these are the flags to pass to the
3467 .It Va chkprintcap_enable
3473 command before starting the
3476 .It Va chkprintcap_flags
3481 .Va chkprintcap_enable
3484 these are the flags to pass to the
3489 which causes missing directories to be created.
3490 .It Va mta_start_script
3492 This variable specifies the full path to the script to run to start
3493 a mail transfer agent.
3495 .Pa /etc/rc.sendmail .
3499 .Pa /etc/rc.sendmail
3500 uses are documented in the
3505 Indicates the device (usually a swap partition) to which a crash dump
3506 should be written in the event of a system crash.
3507 If the value of this variable is
3509 the first suitable swap device listed in
3511 will be used as dump device.
3512 Otherwise, the value of this variable is passed as the argument to
3514 To disable crash dumps, set this variable to
3518 When the system reboots after a crash and a crash dump is found on the
3519 device specified by the
3523 will save that crash dump and a copy of the kernel to the directory
3527 The default value is
3536 .It Va savecore_flags
3538 If crash dumps are enabled, these are the flags to pass to the
3545 to turn on user and group disk quotas on system startup via the
3547 command for all file systems marked as having quotas enabled in
3549 The kernel must be built with
3551 for disk quotas to function.
3556 to enable user and group disk quota checking via the
3559 .It Va quotacheck_flags
3569 these are the flags to pass to the
3574 which checks quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3576 .It Va quotaon_flags
3582 these are the flags to pass to the
3587 which enables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3589 .It Va quotaoff_flags
3595 these are the flags to pass to the
3597 utility when shutting down the quota system.
3600 which disables quotas for all file systems with quotas enabled in
3602 .It Va accounting_enable
3606 to enable system accounting through the
3613 to enable iBCS2 (SCO) binary emulation at system initial boot
3615 .It Va ibcs2_loaders
3623 this specifies a list of additional iBCS2 loaders to enable.
3628 to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation at system initial
3634 enable SysVR4 emulation at boot time.
3635 .It Va sysvipc_enable
3639 load System V IPC primitives at boot time.
3640 .It Va clear_tmp_enable
3651 to disable removing of X11 lock files,
3652 and the removal and (secure) recreation
3653 of the various socket directories for X11
3655 .It Va ldconfig_paths
3657 Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
3661 will always be added first, so it need not appear in this list.
3662 .It Va ldconfig32_paths
3664 Set to the list of 32-bit compatibility shared library paths to
3667 .It Va ldconfig_paths_aout
3669 Set to the list of shared library paths to use with
3674 .It Va ldconfig_insecure
3678 utility normally refuses to use directories
3679 which are writable by anyone except root.
3680 Set this variable to
3682 to disable that security check during system startup.
3683 .It Va ldconfig_local_dirs
3685 Set to the list of local
3688 The names of all files in the directories listed will be
3689 passed as arguments to
3691 .It Va ldconfig_local32_dirs
3693 Set to the list of local 32-bit compatibility
3696 The names of all files in the directories listed will be
3697 passed as arguments to
3698 .Dq Nm ldconfig Fl 32 .
3699 .It Va kern_securelevel_enable
3703 to set the kernel security level at system startup.
3704 .It Va kern_securelevel
3706 The kernel security level to set at startup.
3707 The allowed range of
3709 ranges from \-1 (the compile time default) to 3 (the
3713 for the list of possible security levels and their effect
3714 on system operation.
3717 Path to the SSH server program
3718 .Pa ( /usr/sbin/sshd
3726 at system boot time.
3733 these are the flags to pass to the
3738 Path to the FTP server program
3739 .Pa ( /usr/libexec/ftpd
3747 as a stand-alone daemon at system boot time.
3754 these are the additional flags to pass to the
3757 .It Va watchdogd_enable
3763 daemon at boot time.
3764 This requires that the kernel have been compiled with a
3767 .It Va watchdogd_flags
3770 .Va watchdogd_enable
3773 these are the flags passed to the
3776 .It Va devfs_rulesets
3778 List of files containing sets of rules for
3780 .It Va devfs_system_ruleset
3782 Rule name(s) to apply to the system
3785 .It Va devfs_set_rulesets
3787 Pairs of already-mounted
3789 directories and rulesets that should be applied to them.
3790 For example: /mount/dev=ruleset_name
3791 .It Va devfs_load_rulesets
3793 If set, always load the default rulesets listed in
3794 .Va devfs_rulesets .
3795 .It Va performance_cx_lowest
3797 CPU idle state to use while on AC power.
3802 should use the lowest power state available while
3804 indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used.
3805 .It Va performance_cpu_freq
3807 CPU clock frequency to use while on AC power.
3812 should use the lowest frequency available while
3814 indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used.
3815 .It Va economy_cx_lowest
3817 CPU idle state to use when off AC power.
3822 should use the lowest power state available while
3824 indicates that the lowest latency state (less power savings) should be used.
3825 .It Va economy_cpu_freq
3827 CPU clock frequency to use when off AC power.
3832 should use the lowest frequency available while
3834 indicates that the highest frequency (less power savings) should be used.
3839 any configured jails will not be started.
3840 .It jail_parallel_start
3844 all configured jails will be started in the background (= in parallel).
3847 A space separated list of names for jails.
3848 This is purely a configuration aid to help identify and
3849 configure multiple jails.
3850 The names specified in this list will be used to
3851 identify settings common to an instance of a jail,
3852 and should contain alphanumeric characters only.
3853 Assuming that the jail in question was named
3855 you would have the following dependent variables:
3857 jail_vjail_hostname="jail.example.com"
3858 jail_vjail_ip="192.0.2.100"
3859 jail_vjail_rootdir="/var/jails/vjail/root"
3865 When set, use as default value for
3866 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _flags
3869 .It Va jail_interface
3872 When set, use as default value for
3873 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _interface
3879 When set, use as default value for
3880 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fstab
3883 .It Va jail_mount_enable
3891 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _mount_enable
3894 by default for every jail in
3896 .It Va jail_devfs_ruleset
3900 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_ruleset
3901 to given value for every jail in
3903 .It Va jail_devfs_enable
3911 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_enable
3914 by default for every jail in
3916 .It Va jail_fdescfs_enable
3924 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fdescfs_enable
3927 by default for every jail in
3929 .It Va jail_procfs_enable
3937 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fdescfs_enable
3940 by default for every jail in
3942 .It Va jail_exec_prestart Ns Aq Ar N
3945 When set, use as default value for
3946 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestart Ns Aq Ar N
3949 .It Va jail_exec_start
3952 When set, use as default value for
3953 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_start
3956 .It Va jail_exec_afterstart Ns Aq Ar N
3959 When set, use as default value for
3960 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_afterstart Ns Aq Ar N
3963 .It Va jail_exec_poststart Ns Aq Ar N
3966 When set, use as default value for
3967 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststart Ns Aq Ar N
3970 .It Va jail_exec_prestop Ns Aq Ar N
3973 When set, use as default value for
3974 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestop Ns Aq Ar N
3977 .It Va jail_exec_stop
3979 When set, use as default value for
3980 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_stop
3983 .It Va jail_exec_poststop Ns Aq Ar N
3986 When set, use as default value for
3987 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststop Ns Aq Ar N
3990 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _rootdir
3993 Set to the root directory used by jail
3995 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _hostname
3998 Set to the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) assigned to jail
4000 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _parameters
4003 Set extra parameters for jail
4006 .Dq Li allow.chflags
4008 .Dq Li children.max .
4011 for a list of available parameters.
4012 Note that the following parameters are already defined by
4014 script out of their corresponding
4017 .Bl -tag -width "host.hostname" -offset indent
4020 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _rootdir
4021 .It Li host.hostname
4023 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _hostname
4026 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_start
4029 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4030 contains IPv4 addresses
4033 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip6
4034 contains IPv6 addresses
4036 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4039 Set to the (primary) IPv4 and/or IPv6 address(es) assigned to the jail.
4040 The argument can be a sole address or a comma separated list of addresses.
4041 Additionally each address can be prefixed by the name of an interface
4042 followed by a pipe to overwrite
4043 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _interface
4046 and/or suffixed by a netmask, prefixlen or prefix.
4047 In case no netmask, prefixlen or prefix is given,
4049 will be used for IPv4 and
4051 will be used for an IPv6 address.
4052 If no address is given for the jail then the jail will be started with
4053 no networking support.
4054 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip_multi Ns Aq Ar n
4057 Set additional IPv4 and/or IPv6 address(es) assigned to the jail.
4058 The sequence starts with
4060 and the numbers have to be strictly ascending.
4061 These entries follow the same syntax as their primary
4062 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _ip
4064 The order of the entries can be important as the first address for
4065 each address family found will be the primary address of the jail.
4071 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _flags
4076 These are flags to pass to
4078 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _interface
4081 When set, sets the interface to use when setting IP address alias.
4082 Note that the alias is created at jail startup and removed at jail shutdown.
4083 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fib
4086 When set, the jail is started with the specified forwarding table (sometimes
4087 referred to as a routing table) via
4089 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fstab
4092 .Pa /etc/fstab. Ns Aq Ar jname
4094 This is the file system information file to use for jail
4096 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _mount_enable
4103 mount all file systems from
4104 .Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fstab
4106 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_ruleset
4109 When set, defines the device file system ruleset file to use for jail
4111 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _devfs_enable
4118 mount the device file system inside jail
4121 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _fdescfs_enable
4128 mount the file-descriptor file system inside jail
4131 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _procfs_enable
4138 mount the process file system inside jail
4141 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestart Ns Aq Ar N
4144 This is the command run as
4147 before jail startup, where
4150 It is run outside the jail.
4151 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_start
4154 .Dq Li /bin/sh /etc/rc
4156 This is the command executed in a jail at jail startup.
4157 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_afterstart Ns Aq Ar N
4160 This is the command run as
4164 after jail startup, where
4167 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststart Ns Aq Ar N
4170 This is the command run as
4173 after jail startup, where
4176 It is run outside the jail.
4177 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_prestop Ns Aq Ar N
4180 This is the command run as
4183 before jail shutdown, where
4186 It is run outside the jail.
4187 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_stop
4190 .Dq Li /bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown
4192 This is the command executed in a jail at jail shutdown.
4193 .It Va jail_ Ns Ao Ar jname Ac Ns Va _exec_poststop Ns Aq Ar N
4196 This is the command run as
4199 after jail shutdown, where
4202 It is run outside the jail.
4203 .It Va jail_set_hostname_allow
4207 do not allow the root user in a jail to set its hostname.
4208 .It Va jail_socket_unixiproute_only
4212 do not allow any sockets,
4213 besides UNIX/IP/route sockets,
4214 to be used within a jail.
4215 .It Va jail_sysvipc_allow
4219 allow applications within a jail to use System V IPC.
4220 .\" -----------------------------------------------------
4221 .It Va harvest_interrupt
4225 to use hardware interrupts as an entropy source.
4228 for more information.
4229 .It Va harvest_ethernet
4233 to use LAN traffic as an entropy source.
4236 for more information.
4237 .It Va harvest_p_to_p
4241 to use serial line traffic as an entropy source.
4244 for more information.
4249 to disable caching entropy via
4251 Otherwise set to the directory used to store entropy files in.
4256 to disable caching entropy through reboots.
4257 Otherwise set to the filename used to store cached entropy through
4259 This file should be located on the root file system to seed the
4261 device as early as possible in the boot process.
4262 .It Va entropy_save_sz
4264 Size of the entropy cache files saved by
4267 .It Va entropy_save_num
4269 Number of entropy cache files to save by
4283 Configuration file for
4292 .Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot
4294 .It Va rcshutdown_timeout
4296 If set, start a watchdog timer in the background which will terminate
4300 has not completed within the specified time (in seconds).
4301 Notice that in addition to this soft timeout,
4303 also applies a hard timeout for the execution of
4305 This is configured via
4308 .Va kern.init_shutdown_timeout
4309 and defaults to 120 seconds.
4310 Setting the value of
4311 .Va rcshutdown_timeout
4312 to more than 120 seconds will have no effect until the
4315 .Va kern.init_shutdown_timeout
4317 .It Va virecover_enable
4321 to prevent the system from trying to
4322 recover pre-maturely terminated
4325 .It Va ugidfw_enable
4330 .Xr mac_bsdextended 4
4331 module upon system initialization and load a default
4333 .It Va bsdextended_script
4336 .Xr mac_bsdextended 4
4337 ruleset file to load.
4338 The default value of this variable is
4339 .Pa /etc/rc.bsdextended .
4340 .It Va newsyslog_enable
4347 .It Va newsyslog_flags
4350 .Va newsyslog_enable
4353 these are the flags to pass to the
4358 which causes log files flagged with a
4361 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Aq Ar X
4371 must be specified and either a
4373 for malloc or swap backed
4381 .Va mdconfig_md Ns Aq Ar X
4382 variables are evaluated until one variable is unset or null.
4383 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _newfs
4385 Optional arguments passed to
4391 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _owner
4393 An ownership specification passed to
4402 device and the mount point will be changed.
4403 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _perms
4405 A mode string passed to
4414 device and the mount point will be changed.
4415 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _files
4417 Files to be copied to the mount point of the
4421 after it has been mounted.
4422 .It Va mdconfig_md Ns Ao Ar X Ac Ns Va _cmd
4424 Command to execute after the specified
4429 Note that the command is passed to
4435 variables can be used to reference respectively the
4437 device and the mount point.
4442 one could set the following:
4444 mdconfig_md0_cmd="tar xfzC /var/file.tgz \e${_mp}"
4446 .It Va autobridge_interfaces
4448 Set to the list of bridge interfaces that will have newly arriving interfaces
4449 checked against to be automatically added.
4452 then for each whitespace separated
4455 .Va autobridge_ Ns Aq Ar element
4456 variable is assumed to exist which has a whitespace separated list of interface
4457 names to match, these names can use wildcards.
4460 autobridge_interfaces="bridge0"
4461 autobridge_bridge0="tap* dc0 vlan[345]"
4467 enable support for sound mixer.
4468 .It Va hcsecd_enable
4472 enable Bluetooth security daemon.
4473 .It Va hcsecd_config
4475 Configuration file for
4478 .Pa /etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf .
4483 enable Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol daemon.
4491 .It Va sdpd_groupname
4495 group to run as after it initializes.
4498 .It Va sdpd_username
4502 user to run as after it initializes.
4505 .It Va bthidd_enable
4509 enable Bluetooth Human Interface Device daemon.
4510 .It Va bthidd_config
4512 Configuration file for
4515 .Pa /etc/bluetooth/bthidd.conf .
4518 Path to a file, where
4520 will store information about known HID devices.
4522 .Pa /var/db/bthidd.hids .
4523 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_enable
4527 enable Bluetooth RFCOMM PPP wrapper daemon.
4528 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_profile
4530 The name of the profile to use from
4531 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf .
4532 Multiple profiles can be specified here.
4533 Also used to specify per-profile overrides.
4534 When the profile name contains any of the characters
4536 they are translated to
4538 for the proposes of the override variable names.
4539 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _bdaddr
4541 Overrides local address to listen on.
4547 The address can be specified as BD_ADDR or name.
4548 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _channel
4550 Overrides local RFCOMM channel to listen on.
4553 will listen on RFCOMM channel 1.
4554 Must set properly if multiple profiles used in the same time.
4555 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _register_sp
4559 if it should register Serial Port service on the specified RFCOMM channel.
4562 .It Va rfcomm_pppd_server_ Ns Ao Ar profile Ac Ns _register_dun
4566 if it should register Dial-Up Networking service on the specified
4570 .It Va ubthidhci_enable
4574 change the USB Bluetooth controller from HID mode to HCI mode.
4575 You also need to specify the location of USB Bluetooth controller with the
4576 .Va ubthidhci_busnum
4580 .It Va ubthidhci_busnum
4581 Bus number where the USB Bluetooth controller is located.
4584 on your system to find this information.
4585 .It Va ubthidhci_addr
4586 Bus address of the USB Bluetooth controller.
4589 on your system to find this information.
4590 .It Va netwait_enable
4594 delays the start of network-reliant services until
4596 is up and ICMP packets to a destination defined in
4599 Link state is examined first, followed by
4601 an IP address to verify network usability.
4602 If no destination can be reached or timeouts are exceeded,
4603 network services are started anyway with no guarantee that
4604 the network is usable.
4605 Use of this variable requires both
4613 This variable contains a space-delimited list of IP addresses to
4615 DNS hostnames should not be used as resolution is not guaranteed
4616 to be functional at this point.
4617 If multiple IP addresses are specified,
4618 each will be tried until one is successful or the list is exhausted.
4619 .It Va netwait_timeout
4621 Indicates the total number of seconds to perform a
4623 against each IP address in
4625 at a rate of one ping per second.
4626 If any of the pings are successful,
4627 full network connectivity is considered reliable.
4632 Defines the name of the network interface on which watch for link.
4634 is used to monitor the interface, looking for
4635 .Dq Li status: no carrier .
4636 Once gone, the link is considered up.
4639 interface if desired.
4640 .It Va netwait_if_timeout
4642 Defines the total number of seconds to wait for link to become usable,
4643 polled at a 1-second interval.
4647 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf" -compact
4648 .It Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf
4650 .It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
4679 .Xr newsyslog.conf 5 ,
4749 .An Jordan K. Hubbard .