1 .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Tim Kientzle <kientzle@acm.org>
2 .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Simon L. Nielsen <simon@FreeBSD.org>
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33 .Nd rescue utilities in
38 directory contains a collection of common utilities intended for use
39 in recovering a badly damaged system.
40 With the transition to a dynamically-linked root beginning with
42 there is a real possibility that the standard tools in
46 may become non-functional due to a failed upgrade or a disk error.
49 are statically linked and should therefore be more resistant to
51 However, being statically linked, the tools in
53 are also less functional than the standard utilities.
54 In particular, they do not have full use of the locale,
56 and nsswitch libraries.
58 If your system fails to boot, and it shows a prompt similar to:
60 .Dl "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: "
62 the first thing to try running is the standard shell,
64 If that fails, try running
69 To repair the system, the root partition must first be remounted
71 This can be done with the following
75 .Dl "/rescue/mount -uw /"
77 The next step is to double-check the contents of
84 .Dq "live file system"
87 of the officially released
89 ISO images) and copying files from there.
90 Once it is possible to successfully run
91 .Pa /bin/sh , /bin/ls ,
92 and other standard utilities, try rebooting back into the standard
97 tools are compiled using
99 which makes them considerably more compact than the standard
103 system where space is critical,
105 can be used as a replacement for the standard
109 directories; simply change
113 to be symbolic links pointing to
117 is statically linked, it should also be possible to dispense with much
120 in such an environment.
122 In contrast to its predecessor
125 is updated during normal
127 source and binary upgrades.
129 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /rescue" -compact
141 utilities first appeared in
147 system was written by
148 .An Tim Kientzle Aq kientzle@FreeBSD.org ,
149 based on ideas taken from
151 This manual page was written by
152 .An Simon L. Nielsen Aq simon@FreeBSD.org ,
154 .An Tim Kientzle Aq kientzle@FreeBSD.org .
158 tools work even in a fairly crippled system.
159 The most egregious exception is the
163 which currently requires that
165 be mounted so that it can access the
168 Hopefully, a failsafe
170 entry will eventually be added into the
174 can be used even in a system where
176 cannot immediately be mounted.
181 editor can be used from
183 if you need to edit files, but cannot mount