1 # @(#)bsd.README 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
4 This is the README file for the "include" files for the FreeBSD
5 source tree. The files are installed in /usr/share/mk, and are by
6 convention, named with the suffix ".mk". These files store several
7 build options and should be handled with caution.
9 Note, this file is not intended to replace reading through the .mk
10 files for anything tricky.
12 There are two main types of make include files. One type is the generally
13 usable make include files, such as bsd.prog.mk and bsd.lib.mk. The other is
14 the internal make include files, such as bsd.files.mk and bsd.man.mk, which
15 can not/should not be used directly but are used by the other make include
16 files. In most cases it is only interesting to include bsd.prog.mk or
19 bsd.cpu.mk - sets CPU/arch-related variables
20 bsd.crunchgen.mk - building crunched binaries using crunchgen(1)
21 bsd.dep.mk - handle Makefile dependencies
22 bsd.doc.mk - building troff system documents
23 bsd.files.mk - install of general purpose files
24 bsd.incs.mk - install of include files
25 bsd.info.mk - building GNU Info hypertext system
26 bsd.init.mk - initialization for the make include files
27 bsd.kmod.mk - building loadable kernel modules
28 bsd.lib.mk - support for building libraries
29 bsd.libnames.mk - define library names
30 bsd.links.mk - install of links (sym/hard)
31 bsd.man.mk - install of manual pages and their links
32 bsd.nls.mk - build and install of NLS catalogs
33 bsd.obj.mk - creating 'obj' directories and cleaning up
34 bsd.own.mk - define common variables
35 bsd.port.mk - building ports
36 bsd.port.post.mk - building ports
37 bsd.port.pre.mk - building ports
38 bsd.port.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories for ports
39 bsd.prog.mk - building programs from source files
40 bsd.snmpmod.mk - building modules for the SNMP daemon bsnmpd
41 bsd.subdir.mk - targets for building subdirectories
42 bsd.sys.mk - common settings used for building FreeBSD sources
43 sys.mk - default rules for all makes
45 This file does not document bsd.port*.mk. They are documented in ports(7).
47 See also make(1), mkdep(1), style.Makefile(5) and `PMake - A
48 Tutorial', located in /usr/share/doc/psd/12.make.
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52 Random things worth knowing about this document:
54 If appropriate when documenting the variables the default value is
55 indicated using square brackets e.g. [gzip].
56 In some cases the default value depend on other values (e.g. system
57 architecture). In these cases the most common value is indicated.
59 This document contains some simple examples of the usage of the BSD make
60 include files. For more examples look at the makefiles in the FreeBSD
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65 RANDOM THINGS WORTH KNOWING:
67 The files are like C-style #include files, and pretty much behave like
68 you'd expect. The syntax is slightly different in that a single '.' is
69 used instead of the hash mark, i.e. ".include <bsd.prog.mk>".
71 One difference that will save you lots of debugging time is that inclusion
72 of the file is normally done at the *end* of the Makefile. The reason for
73 this is because .mk files often modify variables and behavior based on the
74 values of variables set in the Makefile. To make this work, remember that
75 the FIRST target found is the target that is used, i.e. if the Makefile has:
82 the command "make a" will echo "a". To make things confusing, the SECOND
83 variable assignment is the overriding one, i.e. if the Makefile has:
91 the command "make b" will echo "bar". This is for compatibility with the
92 way the V7 make behaved.
94 It's fairly difficult to make the BSD .mk files work when you're building
95 multiple programs in a single directory. It's a lot easier to split up
96 the programs than to deal with the problem. Most of the agony comes from
97 making the "obj" directory stuff work right, not because we switch to a new
98 version of make. So, don't get mad at us, figure out a better way to handle
99 multiple architectures so we can quit using the symbolic link stuff.
100 (Imake doesn't count.)
102 The file .depend in the source directory is expected to contain dependencies
103 for the source files. This file is read automatically by make after reading
106 The variable DESTDIR works as before. It's not set anywhere but will change
107 the tree where the file gets installed.
109 The profiled libraries are no longer built in a different directory than
110 the regular libraries. A new suffix, ".po", is used to denote a profiled
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115 The include file <sys.mk> has the default rules for all makes, in the BSD
116 environment or otherwise. You probably don't want to touch this file.
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120 The include file <bsd.man.mk> handles installing manual pages and their
123 It has three targets:
128 install the manual pages and their links.
130 verify the validity of manual pages.
132 It sets/uses the following variables:
134 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
142 MANSUBDIR Subdirectory under the manual page section, i.e. "/vax"
143 or "/tahoe" for machine specific manual pages.
145 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
147 MLINKS List of manual page links (using a .1 - .9 suffix). The
148 linked-to file must come first, the linked file second,
149 and there may be multiple pairs. The files are soft-linked.
151 The include file <bsd.man.mk> includes a file named "../Makefile.inc" if
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156 The include file <bsd.own.mk> contains the owners, groups, etc. for both
157 manual pages and binaries.
161 It sets/uses the following variables:
169 MANDIR Base path for manual installation.
177 This file is generally useful when building your own Makefiles so that
178 they use the same default owners etc. as the rest of the tree.
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182 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> handles building programs from one or
183 more source files, along with their manual pages. It has a limited number
184 of suffixes, consistent with the current needs of the BSD tree.
186 It has seven targets:
189 build the program and its manual page
191 remove the program and any object files.
193 remove all of the files removed by the target clean, as
194 well as .depend, tags, and any manual pages.
196 make the dependencies for the source files, and store
197 them in the file .depend.
199 install the program and its manual pages; if the Makefile
200 does not itself define the target install, the targets
201 beforeinstall and afterinstall may also be used to cause
202 actions immediately before and after the install target
205 run lint on the source files
207 create a tags file for the source files.
209 It sets/uses the following variables:
217 CLEANFILES Additional files to remove and
218 CLEANDIRS additional directories to remove during clean and cleandir
219 targets. "rm -f" and "rm -rf" used respectively.
221 CFLAGS Flags to the compiler when creating C objects.
223 FILES A list of non-executable files.
224 The installation is controlled by the FILESNAME, FILESOWN,
225 FILESGRP, FILESMODE, FILESDIR variables that can be
226 further specialized by FILES<VAR>_<file>.
228 LDADD Additional loader objects. Usually used for libraries.
229 For example, to load with the compatibility and utility
232 LDFILES=-lutil -lcompat
234 LDFLAGS Additional loader flags.
236 LINKS The list of binary links; should be full pathnames, the
237 linked-to file coming first, followed by the linked
238 file. The files are hard-linked. For example, to link
239 /bin/test and /bin/[, use:
241 LINKS= ${DESTDIR}/bin/test ${DESTDIR}/bin/[
243 MAN Manual pages (should end in .1 - .9). If no MAN variable
244 is defined, "MAN=${PROG}.1" is assumed.
246 PROG The name of the program to build. If not supplied, nothing
249 PROG_CXX If defined, the name of the program to build. Also
250 causes <bsd.prog.mk> to link the program with the
251 standard C++ library. PROG_CXX overrides the value
252 of PROG if PROG is also set.
254 PROGNAME The name that the above program will be installed as, if
255 different from ${PROG}.
257 SRCS List of source files to build the program. If SRCS is not
258 defined, it's assumed to be ${PROG}.c or, if PROG_CXX is
259 defined, ${PROG_CXX}.cc.
261 DPADD Additional dependencies for the program. Usually used for
262 libraries. For example, to depend on the compatibility and
263 utility libraries use:
265 SRCLIB=${LIBCOMPAT} ${LIBUTIL}
267 There is a predefined identifier for each (non-profiled,
268 non-shared) library and object. Library file names are
269 transformed to identifiers by removing the extension and
270 converting to upper case.
272 There are no special identifiers for profiled or shared
273 libraries or objects. The identifiers for the standard
274 libraries are used in DPADD. This works correctly iff all
275 the libraries are built at the same time. Unfortunately,
276 it causes unnecessary relinks to shared libraries when
277 only the static libraries have changed. Dependencies on
278 shared libraries should be only on the library version
281 STRIP The flag passed to the install program to cause the binary
282 to be stripped. This is to be used when building your
283 own install script so that the entire system can be made
284 stripped/not-stripped using a single nob.
286 SUBDIR A list of subdirectories that should be built as well.
287 Each of the targets will execute the same target in the
290 SCRIPTS A list of interpreter scripts [file.{sh,csh,pl,awk,...}].
291 The installation is controlled by the SCRIPTSNAME, SCRIPTSOWN,
292 SCRIPTSGRP, SCRIPTSMODE, SCRIPTSDIR variables that can be
293 further specialized by SCRIPTS<VAR>_<script>.
295 The include file <bsd.prog.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
296 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
298 Some simple examples:
300 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.1, use:
304 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
306 To build foo from foo.c with a manual page foo.2, add the line:
310 If foo does not have a manual page at all, add the line:
314 If foo has multiple source files, add the line:
316 SRCS= a.c b.c c.c d.c
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320 The include file <bsd.subdir.mk> contains the default targets for building
321 subdirectories. It has the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean,
322 cleandir, depend, install, lint, and tags. For all of the directories
323 listed in the variable SUBDIRS, the specified directory will be visited
324 and the target made. There is also a default target which allows the
325 command "make subdir" where subdir is any directory listed in the variable
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330 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> has support for building libraries. It has
331 the same seven targets as <bsd.prog.mk>: all, clean, cleandir, depend,
332 install, lint, and tags. It has a limited number of suffixes, consistent
333 with the current needs of the BSD tree.
335 It sets/uses the following variables:
337 LIBDIR Target directory for libraries.
339 LINTLIBDIR Target directory for lint libraries.
341 LIBGRP Library group.
343 LIBOWN Library owner.
345 LIBMODE Library mode.
347 LDADD Additional loader objects.
349 MAN The manual pages to be installed (use a .1 - .9 suffix).
351 SRCS List of source files to build the library. Suffix types
352 .s, .c, and .f are supported. Note, .s files are preferred
353 to .c files of the same name. (This is not the default for
356 SHLIB_LDSCRIPT Template file to generate shared library linker script.
357 Unless used, a simple symlink is created to the real
360 LIBRARIES_ONLY Do not build or install files other than the library.
362 The include file <bsd.lib.mk> includes the file named "../Makefile.inc"
363 if it exists, as well as the include file <bsd.man.mk>.
365 It has rules for building profiled objects; profiled libraries are
368 Libraries are ranlib'd before installation.