2 * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
5 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
6 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
8 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
9 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
10 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
11 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
13 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
16 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22 * must display the following acknowledgement:
23 * This product includes software developed by the University of
24 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27 * without specific prior written permission.
29 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41 * @(#)init_main.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 #include "opt_init_path.h"
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/kernel.h>
54 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
58 #include <sys/mount.h>
59 #include <sys/mutex.h>
60 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
61 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
63 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
64 #include <sys/systm.h>
65 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
66 #include <sys/vnode.h>
67 #include <sys/sysent.h>
68 #include <sys/reboot.h>
69 #include <sys/sched.h>
71 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
72 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
73 #include <sys/unistd.h>
74 #include <sys/malloc.h>
76 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
78 #include <machine/cpu.h>
80 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
81 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
84 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
87 #include <sys/copyright.h>
90 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
92 void mi_startup(void); /* Should be elsewhere */
94 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
95 static struct session session0;
96 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
98 struct thread thread0 __aligned(16);
99 struct vmspace vmspace0;
100 struct proc *initproc;
102 int boothowto = 0; /* initialized so that it can be patched */
103 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0, "");
105 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0, "");
108 * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
109 * symbol is not undefined. A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
112 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
115 * The sysinit table itself. Items are checked off as the are run.
116 * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
118 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
119 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
120 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
123 * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
124 * necessary. This can only be called after malloc is running.
127 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
129 struct sysinit **newset;
130 struct sysinit **sipp;
131 struct sysinit **xipp;
134 count = set_end - set;
136 count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
138 count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
139 newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
141 panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
144 for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
147 for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
149 for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
152 free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
154 newsysinit_end = newset + count;
158 * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
159 * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon. Most of the
160 * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
161 * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
163 * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
164 * boot time initialization. It also allows substitution of subsystem
165 * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
166 * module. Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
172 register struct sysinit **sipp; /* system initialization*/
173 register struct sysinit **xipp; /* interior loop of sort*/
174 register struct sysinit *save; /* bubble*/
176 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
181 if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
184 if (sysinit == NULL) {
185 sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
186 sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
191 * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
192 * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
194 for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
195 for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
196 if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
197 ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
198 (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
206 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
207 last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
210 printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
215 * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
216 * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
218 * The last item on the list is expected to be the scheduler,
219 * which will not return.
221 for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
223 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
224 continue; /* skip dummy task(s)*/
226 if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
229 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
230 if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last) {
232 last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
233 printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
241 sym = db_search_symbol((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
242 DB_STGY_PROC, &offset);
243 db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
245 printf(" %s(%p)... ", name, (*sipp)->udata);
248 printf(" %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
254 (*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
256 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
261 /* Check off the one we're just done */
262 (*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
264 /* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
265 if (newsysinit != NULL) {
266 if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
267 free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
268 sysinit = newsysinit;
269 sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
271 newsysinit_end = NULL;
276 panic("Shouldn't get here!");
282 ***************************************************************************
284 **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
287 ***************************************************************************
290 print_caddr_t(void *data)
292 printf("%s", (char *)data);
296 print_version(void *data __unused)
300 /* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
301 len = strlen(version);
302 while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
304 printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
305 printf("%s\n", compiler_version);
308 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
310 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
312 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
315 static char wit_warn[] =
316 "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
317 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
318 print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
319 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
320 print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
324 static char diag_warn[] =
325 "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
326 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
327 print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
328 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
329 print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
333 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused,
334 struct syscall_args *sa __unused)
337 panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
341 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
344 panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
347 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
355 .sv_transtrap = NULL,
359 .sv_szsigcode = NULL,
360 .sv_prepsyscall = NULL,
363 .sv_imgact_try = NULL,
365 .sv_pagesize = PAGE_SIZE,
366 .sv_minuser = VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
367 .sv_maxuser = VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
368 .sv_usrstack = USRSTACK,
369 .sv_psstrings = PS_STRINGS,
370 .sv_stackprot = VM_PROT_ALL,
371 .sv_copyout_strings = NULL,
376 .sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
377 .sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
378 .sv_syscallnames = NULL,
379 .sv_schedtail = NULL,
383 ***************************************************************************
385 **** The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code. I am not
386 **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
387 **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
390 **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
391 **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
393 ***************************************************************************
397 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
408 * Initialize magic number and osrel.
410 p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
411 p->p_osrel = osreldate;
414 * Initialize thread and process structures.
416 procinit(); /* set up proc zone */
417 threadinit(); /* set up UMA zones */
420 * Initialise scheduler resources.
421 * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
423 schedinit(); /* scheduler gets its house in order */
425 * Initialize sleep queue hash table
430 * additional VM structures
435 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
437 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
438 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
439 mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
441 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
442 LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
443 LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
445 pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
446 mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
447 refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
448 session0.s_leader = p;
450 p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
451 p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
452 p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
453 knlist_init_mtx(&p->p_klist, &p->p_mtx);
454 STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
456 td->td_tid = PID_MAX + 1;
457 td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
458 td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
459 td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
460 td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
461 td->td_priority = PVM;
462 td->td_base_pri = PVM;
464 td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM|TDP_KTHREAD;
465 td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
466 prison0.pr_cpuset = cpuset_ref(td->td_cpuset);
471 strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
472 strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
474 callout_init(&p->p_itcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
475 callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
476 callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
478 /* Create credentials. */
479 p->p_ucred = crget();
480 p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1; /* group 0 */
481 p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
482 p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
483 p->p_ucred->cr_prison = &prison0;
485 audit_cred_kproc0(p->p_ucred);
488 mac_cred_create_swapper(p->p_ucred);
490 td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
492 /* Create sigacts. */
493 p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
495 /* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
498 /* Create the file descriptor table. */
499 p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL);
502 /* Create the limits structures. */
503 p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
504 for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
505 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
506 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
507 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
508 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
509 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
510 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
511 i = ptoa(cnt.v_free_count);
512 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = i;
513 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = i;
514 p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = i / 3;
515 p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
517 p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
519 /* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
520 pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
521 p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
522 vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
525 * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
526 * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
528 vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, p->p_sysent->sv_minuser,
529 p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
530 vmspace0.vm_map.pmap = vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0);
533 * call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc
534 * we wait to do this until all other structures
537 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_init, p);
538 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
539 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
540 EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
543 * Charge root for one process.
545 (void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
547 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
551 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
559 * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
560 * time from the filesystem. Pretend that proc0 started now.
562 sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
563 FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
564 microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
566 rufetch(p, &ru); /* Clears thread stats */
568 p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
569 p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
570 p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
571 p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
572 FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
576 sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
577 PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
578 PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
581 * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
584 srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
586 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
589 random_init(void *dummy __unused)
593 * After CPU has been started we have some randomness on most
594 * platforms via get_cyclecount(). For platforms that don't
595 * we will reseed random(9) in proc0_post() as well.
597 srandom(get_cyclecount());
599 SYSINIT(random, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_FIRST, random_init, NULL);
602 ***************************************************************************
604 **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
605 **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
607 ***************************************************************************
612 ***************************************************************************
614 **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
615 **** kern/init_init.c.
617 ***************************************************************************
621 * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
623 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
625 __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
627 "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init:/stand/sysinstall";
629 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
630 "Path used to search the init process");
633 * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
634 * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
636 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
637 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
639 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
640 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
641 CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "");
644 * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
645 * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
648 start_init(void *dummy)
651 struct execve_args args;
653 char *var, *path, *next, *s;
654 char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
668 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
670 addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
671 if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
672 FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
673 panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
674 p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
675 p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
677 if ((var = getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
678 strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
682 for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
687 for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
690 printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
694 * Move out the boot flag argument.
697 ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
698 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0); /* trailing zero */
699 if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
700 (void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
704 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
705 (void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
711 (void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
716 (void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
717 (void)subyte(--ucp, '-'); /* leading hyphen */
721 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
723 (void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
724 for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
725 (void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
729 * Move out the arg pointers.
731 uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
732 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0); /* terminator */
733 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
734 (void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
737 * Point at the arguments.
744 * Now try to exec the program. If can't for any reason
745 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
747 * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
748 * to user mode as init!
750 if ((error = execve(td, &args)) == 0) {
755 printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path),
758 printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
763 * Like kproc_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
764 * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
766 * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet. Other work
767 * in progress will change this more.
770 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
772 struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
775 error = fork1(&thread0, RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED, 0, &initproc);
777 panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
778 KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
779 /* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
782 initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
783 oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
784 crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
786 mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
789 audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
791 initproc->p_ucred = newcred;
792 PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
794 cred_update_thread(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc));
795 cpu_set_fork_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc), start_init, NULL);
797 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
800 * Make it runnable now.
803 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
807 td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
810 sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
813 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kick_init, NULL);