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32 .\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
40 .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
61 utility will either list the sessions of specified
66 in reverse time order,
67 or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
68 Each line of output contains
69 the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
70 hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
72 If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
77 The following options are available:
78 .Bl -tag -width indent-two
80 Specify the snapshot date and time.
81 All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
83 This may be used with the
85 option to derive the results from stored
88 When this argument is provided, all other options except for
93 The argument should be in the form
100 where each pair of letters represents the following:
102 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
104 The first two digits of the year (the century).
106 The second two digits of the year.
113 between 69 and 99 results in a
120 Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
122 Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
124 Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
126 Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
128 Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
135 letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
139 letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
143 instead of the default,
147 names may be names or internet numbers.
153 Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
154 default days, hours and minutes.
158 Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
162 .Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
164 Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
165 default days, hours and minutes.
167 Report the year in the session start time.
170 If multiple arguments are given,
171 and a snapshot time is not specified,
172 the information which applies to any of the
173 arguments is printed, e.g.,
174 .Dq Li "last root -t console"
177 sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
179 users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
182 all logins and logouts.
186 logs in at reboots of the system, thus
188 will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
192 is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
194 If interrupted with a quit signal
197 far the search has progressed and then continues.
199 .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
213 If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
214 that a logout record will not be written to the
219 will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".