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28 .\" @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
36 .Nd modify a user's password
50 utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password.
51 If the user is not the super-user,
53 first prompts for the current password and will not continue unless the correct
56 When entering the new password, the characters entered do not echo, in order to
57 avoid the password being seen by a passer-by.
60 utility prompts for the new password twice in order to detect typing errors.
62 The total length of the password must be less than
64 (currently 128 characters).
66 Once the password has been verified,
68 communicates the new password information to
69 the Kerberos authenticating host.
71 The following option is available:
72 .Bl -tag -width indent
74 Cause the password to be updated only in the local
75 password file, and not with the Kerberos database.
76 When changing only the local password,
78 is used to update the password databases.
81 When changing local or NIS password, the next password change date
84 capability in the user's login class.
86 To change another user's Kerberos password, one must first
91 The super-user is not required to provide a user's current password
92 if only the local password is modified.
96 utility has built-in support for NIS.
97 If a user exists in the NIS password
98 database but does not exist locally,
100 automatically switches into
104 user does not exist in either the local password database or the
109 When changing an NIS password, unprivileged users are required to provide
110 their old password for authentication (the
112 daemon requires the original password before
113 it will allow any changes to the NIS password maps).
114 This restriction applies even to the
115 super-user, with one important exception: the password authentication is
116 bypassed for the super-user on the NIS master server.
118 the super-user on the NIS master server can make unrestricted changes to
119 anyone's NIS password.
120 The super-user on NIS client systems and NIS slave
121 servers still needs to provide a password before the update will be processed.
123 The following additional options are supported for use with NIS:
124 .Bl -tag -width indent
128 checking heuristics and forces
131 When NIS is enabled, the
133 flag can be used to force
138 This flag can be used to change the entry
139 for a local user when an NIS user exists with the same login name.
140 For example, you will sometimes find entries for system
146 in both the NIS password maps and the local user database.
150 will try to change the NIS password.
153 flag can be used to change the local password instead.
155 Specify what domain to use when changing an NIS password.
158 assumes that the system default domain should be used.
160 primarily for use by the superuser on the NIS master server: a single
161 NIS server can support multiple domains.
162 It is also possible that the
163 domainname on the NIS master may not be set (it is not necessary for
164 an NIS server to also be a client) in which case the
166 command needs to be told what domain to operate on.
168 Specify the name of an NIS server.
169 This option, in conjunction
172 option, can be used to change an NIS password on a non-local NIS
174 When a domain is specified with the
178 is unable to determine the name of the NIS master server (possibly because
179 the local domainname is not set), the name of the NIS master is assumed to
182 This can be overridden with the
185 The specified hostname need not be the name of an NIS master: the
186 name of the NIS master for a given map can be determined by querying any
187 NIS server (master or slave) in a domain, so specifying the name of a
188 slave server will work equally well.
190 Do not automatically override the password authentication checks for the
191 super-user on the NIS master server; assume
195 flag is of limited practical use but is useful for testing.
198 .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
199 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
202 a Version 7 format password file
203 .It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
204 temporary copy of the password file
205 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
206 login class capabilities database
223 .%T "UNIX password security"
228 command is really only a link to