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28 .\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
36 .Nd display system statistics
40 .Op Ar refresh-interval
44 utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
45 using the curses screen display library,
50 is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
51 is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
53 upper window depicts the current system load average.
55 information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
57 The last line on the screen is reserved for user
58 input and error messages.
62 displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
64 Other displays show swap space usage, disk
68 virtual memory statistics (a la
72 and network connections (a la
75 Input is interpreted at two different levels.
76 A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
77 If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
78 input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
80 allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
83 .Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
103 These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
107 .It Ar refresh-interval
110 specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
111 Time interval can be fractional.
114 Certain characters cause immediate action by
121 Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
122 the lower window and the refresh interval.
124 Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
125 line typed as a command.
126 While entering a command the
127 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
131 The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
135 Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
137 Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
140 Stop refreshing the screen.
145 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
146 If a second, numeric,
147 argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
149 Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
154 (This may be abbreviated to
158 The available displays are:
161 Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
162 memory and getting the
163 largest portion of the processor (the default display).
164 When less than 100% of the
165 processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
166 is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
168 Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
169 transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
171 The left half of the screen displays information about received
172 packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
177 display understands two commands:
183 command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
184 .Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
186 show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
189 show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
191 show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
193 show the absolute value of each statistic
198 command resets the baseline for
203 command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
206 This display is like the
209 but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
211 Otherwise identical to the
213 display, except that it displays
222 except that it displays
240 Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
242 Statistics on processor use appear as
243 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
244 in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
245 system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
248 on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
249 average number of disk transactions per second, and
250 average kilobytes of data per transaction.
251 This information may be
252 displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
254 graphs are shown by default.
256 The following commands are specific to the
258 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
260 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
264 statistics in numeric form.
266 displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
270 statistics in bar graph form (default).
272 Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
274 not display kilobytes per transaction).
277 Show information about swap space usage on all the
278 swap areas compiled into the kernel.
279 The first column is the device name of the partition.
280 The next column is the total space available in the partition.
283 column indicates the total blocks used so far;
284 the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
285 If there are more than one swap partition in use,
286 a total line is also shown.
287 Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
289 Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
290 of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
291 device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
295 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
296 of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
297 and fifteen minute intervals.
298 Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
299 The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
300 active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
302 The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
303 The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
304 claimed by processes.
305 The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
306 are devoted to read only text pages.
307 The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
308 virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
309 needed if all processes had all of their pages.
310 Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
313 Below the memory display is a list of the
314 average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
315 that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
316 in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
317 sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
318 The row also shows the average number of context switches
319 (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
320 interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
323 Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
324 a bar graph showing the amount of
325 system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
326 nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
328 Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
329 It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
330 the number and percentage of the translations that were
331 handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
332 the number and percentage of the translations that were
333 handled by the per process name translation cache.
335 To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
336 the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
337 desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
338 number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
340 number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
342 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
343 It reports the number of
344 kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
345 per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
346 over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
347 The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
349 to seven devices are displayed.
350 The devices displayed by default are the
351 first devices in the kernel's device list.
356 for details on the devstat system.
358 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
359 on paging and swapping activity.
360 The first two columns report the average number of pages
361 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
362 due to page faults and the paging daemon.
363 The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
364 brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
365 due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
366 The first row of the display shows the average
367 number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
368 the second row of the display shows the average
369 number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
371 Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
373 The first few lines describe,
374 in units (except as noted below)
375 of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
376 pages copied on write (`cow'),
377 pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
378 pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
379 the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
380 pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
381 pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
382 total pages freed (`totfr'),
383 pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
384 the average number of
385 times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
386 pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
388 in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
389 Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
390 The next few lines describe,
391 as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
392 pages wired down (`wire'),
393 active pages (`act'),
394 inactive pages (`inact'),
395 pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
398 Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
399 they are not averages.
401 At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
402 amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
403 This statistic is not useful.
404 It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
405 (the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
406 The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
407 used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
408 but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
410 Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
411 of the interrupts being handled by the system.
412 At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
413 over the time interval.
414 The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
416 Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
418 The following commands are specific to the
420 display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
422 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
424 Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
426 Display statistics as a running total from the point this
429 Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
431 Reset running statistics to zero.
434 Display, in the lower window, network connections.
436 network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
438 is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
440 It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
441 limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
442 (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
444 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
446 Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
447 is the equivalent of the
452 Display network addresses numerically.
454 Display network addresses symbolically.
455 .It Cm proto Ar protocol
456 Display only network connections using the indicated
458 Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
459 .It Cm ignore Op Ar items
460 Do not display information about connections associated with
461 the specified hosts or ports.
462 Hosts and ports may be specified
463 by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
465 use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
467 may be specified with a single command by separating them with
469 .It Cm display Op Ar items
470 Display information about the connections associated with the
471 specified hosts or ports.
475 may be names or numbers.
476 .It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
477 Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
479 Hosts and ports which are being ignored
480 are prefixed with a `!'.
485 is supplied as an argument to
487 then only the requested information will be displayed.
489 Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
490 (any protocol, port, or host).
493 Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
495 Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
498 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
499 statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
503 display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
504 in a human-readable format.
505 The scaling units used for the current and
507 traffic columns can be altered by the
510 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
511 .It Cm scale Op Ar units
512 Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
514 The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
515 mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
517 Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
520 switches this mode off.
521 .It Cm match Op Ar patterns
522 Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
523 Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
524 If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
529 This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
531 .Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
533 This will display all
537 interfaces and the loopback interface.
541 Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
542 minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
543 Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
544 insufficient for display.
545 For example, on a machine with 10
548 bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
550 a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
551 truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
553 The following commands are common to each display which shows
554 information about disk drives.
555 These commands are used to
556 select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
557 more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
560 .Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
561 .It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
562 Do not display information about the drives indicated.
564 drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
565 .It Cm display Op Ar drives
566 Display information about the drives indicated.
568 may be specified, separated by spaces.
569 .It Cm only Op Ar drives
570 Display only the specified drives.
571 Multiple drives may be specified,
574 Display a list of available devices.
576 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
579 Display devices matching the given pattern.
581 expressions are the same as those used in
584 Instead of specifying multiple
586 arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
587 matching expressions joined by the pipe
591 separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
592 then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
594 device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
598 .Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
600 This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
602 .Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
604 This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
605 and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
608 .Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
609 .It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
612 For information in main memory.
644 the notion of having different display modes for the
650 statistics was stolen from the
658 Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
661 display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
662 a separate display rather than created as a new program).