2 * Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 Kenneth D. Merry
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
14 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * Parts of this program are derived from the original FreeBSD iostat
35 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1991, 1993
36 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
38 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
47 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48 * without specific prior written permission.
50 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
51 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
52 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
53 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
54 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
55 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
56 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
57 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
58 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
59 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
63 * Ideas for the new iostat statistics output modes taken from the NetBSD
67 * Copyright (c) 1996 John M. Vinopal
68 * All rights reserved.
70 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
71 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
73 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
74 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
75 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
76 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
77 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
78 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
79 * must display the following acknowledgement:
80 * This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
82 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
83 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
85 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
86 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
87 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
88 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
89 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
90 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
91 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
92 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
93 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
94 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
99 #include <sys/param.h>
100 #include <sys/errno.h>
101 #include <sys/resource.h>
102 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
118 struct nlist namelist[] = {
129 #define IOSTAT_DEFAULT_ROWS 20 /* Traditional default `wrows' */
131 struct statinfo cur, last;
133 struct device_selection *dev_select;
135 volatile sig_atomic_t headercount;
136 volatile sig_atomic_t wresized; /* Tty resized, when non-zero. */
137 unsigned short wrows; /* Current number of tty rows. */
138 int dflag = 0, Iflag = 0, Cflag = 0, Tflag = 0, oflag = 0, Kflag = 0;
139 int xflag = 0, zflag = 0;
141 /* local function declarations */
142 static void usage(void);
143 static void needhdr(int signo);
144 static void needresize(int signo);
145 static void doresize(void);
146 static void phdr(void);
147 static void devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast);
148 static void cpustats(void);
149 static int readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr,
156 * We also support the following 'traditional' syntax:
157 * iostat [drives] [wait [count]]
158 * This isn't mentioned in the man page, or the usage statement,
159 * but it is supported.
161 fprintf(stderr, "usage: iostat [-CdhIKoTxz?] [-c count] [-M core]"
162 " [-n devs] [-N system]\n"
163 "\t [-t type,if,pass] [-w wait] [drives]\n");
167 main(int argc, char **argv)
170 int tflag = 0, hflag = 0, cflag = 0, wflag = 0, nflag = 0;
171 int count = 0, waittime = 0;
172 char *memf = NULL, *nlistf = NULL;
173 struct devstat_match *matches;
175 char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
178 int num_devices_specified;
179 int num_selected, num_selections;
180 long select_generation;
181 char **specified_devices;
182 devstat_select_mode select_mode;
189 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:CdhIKM:n:N:ot:Tw:xz?")) != -1) {
193 count = atoi(optarg);
195 errx(1, "count %d is < 1", count);
217 maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
219 errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
230 if (devstat_buildmatch(optarg, &matches,
232 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
242 errx(1, "wait time is < 1ms");
260 if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL) {
261 kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
264 errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
266 if (kvm_nlist(kd, namelist) == -1)
267 errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
271 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the kernel
272 * devstat version. If not, exit and print a message informing
273 * the user of his mistake.
275 if (devstat_checkversion(kd) < 0)
276 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
279 * Make sure Tflag and/or Cflag are set if dflag == 0. If dflag is
280 * greater than 0, they may be 0 or non-zero.
282 if (dflag == 0 && xflag == 0) {
287 /* find out how many devices we have */
288 if ((num_devices = devstat_getnumdevs(kd)) < 0)
289 err(1, "can't get number of devices");
292 * Figure out how many devices we should display.
296 maxshowdevs = num_devices;
297 else if (oflag > 0) {
298 if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0) && (Tflag == 0))
300 else if ((dflag > 0) && (Tflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0))
305 if ((dflag > 0) && (Cflag == 0))
312 cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
313 if (cur.dinfo == NULL)
314 err(1, "calloc failed");
316 last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct devinfo));
317 if (last.dinfo == NULL)
318 err(1, "calloc failed");
321 * Grab all the devices. We don't look to see if the list has
322 * changed here, since it almost certainly has. We only look for
325 if (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur) == -1)
326 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
328 num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
329 generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
332 * If the user specified any devices on the command line, see if
333 * they are in the list of devices we have now.
335 specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
336 if (specified_devices == NULL)
337 err(1, "malloc failed");
339 for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
342 num_devices_specified++;
343 specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
345 num_devices_specified);
346 if (specified_devices == NULL)
347 err(1, "realloc failed");
349 specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
352 if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
353 maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
357 if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0))
358 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
360 select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
363 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
364 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
365 * or 1. If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
367 if (devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
368 &num_selections, &select_generation, generation,
369 cur.dinfo->devices, num_devices, matches,
370 num_matches, specified_devices,
371 num_devices_specified, select_mode, maxshowdevs,
373 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
376 * Look for the traditional wait time and count arguments.
382 /* Let the user know he goofed, but keep going anyway */
384 warnx("discarding previous wait interval, using"
385 " %g instead", waittime / 1000.0);
391 warnx("discarding previous count, using %d"
399 * If the user specified a count, but not an interval, we default
400 * to an interval of 1 second.
402 if ((wflag == 0) && (cflag > 0))
406 * If the user specified a wait time, but not a count, we want to
407 * go on ad infinitum. This can be redundant if the user uses the
408 * traditional method of specifying the wait, since in that case we
409 * already set count = -1 above. Oh well.
411 if ((wflag > 0) && (cflag == 0))
414 bzero(cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time));
419 * Set the snap time to the system boot time (ie: zero), so the
420 * stats are calculated since system boot.
425 * If the user stops the program (control-Z) and then resumes it,
426 * print out the header again.
428 (void)signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
431 * If our standard output is a tty, then install a SIGWINCH handler
432 * and set wresized so that our first iteration through the main
433 * iostat loop will peek at the terminal's current rows to find out
434 * how many lines can fit in a screenful of output.
436 if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) != 0) {
438 (void)signal(SIGWINCH, needresize);
441 wrows = IOSTAT_DEFAULT_ROWS;
444 for (headercount = 1;;) {
445 struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
450 if ((readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nin", X_TK_NIN, &cur.tk_nin,
451 sizeof(cur.tk_nin)) != 0)
452 || (readvar(kd, "kern.tty_nout", X_TK_NOUT,
453 &cur.tk_nout, sizeof(cur.tk_nout))!= 0)) {
455 warnx("disabling TTY statistics");
461 if (readvar(kd, "kern.cp_time", 0,
462 &cur.cp_time, sizeof(cur.cp_time)) != 0)
465 if (kvm_getcptime(kd, cur.cp_time) < 0) {
466 warnx("kvm_getcptime: %s",
472 warnx("disabling CPU time statistics");
475 if (!--headercount) {
482 tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
483 last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
484 cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
486 last.snap_time = cur.snap_time;
489 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
490 * devstat_getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
491 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
492 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
493 * were previously displaying has gone away.
495 switch (devstat_getdevs(kd, &cur)) {
497 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
502 num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
503 generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
504 retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
509 num_devices, matches,
512 num_devices_specified,
513 select_mode, maxshowdevs,
517 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
535 * We only want to re-select devices if we're in 'top'
536 * mode. This is the only mode where the devices selected
537 * could actually change.
541 retval = devstat_selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
546 num_devices, matches,
549 num_devices_specified,
550 select_mode, maxshowdevs,
554 errx(1,"%s", devstat_errbuf);
569 cur.tk_nin -= last.tk_nin;
572 cur.tk_nout -= last.tk_nout;
576 etime = cur.snap_time - last.snap_time;
581 for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; i++) {
582 tmp = cur.cp_time[i];
583 cur.cp_time[i] -= last.cp_time[i];
584 last.cp_time[i] = tmp;
587 if (xflag == 0 && Tflag > 0)
588 printf("%4.0Lf %5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime,
589 cur.tk_nout / etime);
591 devstats(hflag, etime, havelast);
601 if (count >= 0 && --count <= 0)
604 usleep(waittime * 1000);
612 * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
622 * When the terminal is resized, force an update of the maximum number of rows
623 * printed between each header repetition. Then force a new header to be
624 * prepended to the next output.
627 needresize(int signo)
635 * Update the global `wrows' count of terminal rows.
644 status = ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
645 if (status == -1 && errno == EINTR)
647 else if (status == -1)
650 wrows = w.ws_row - 3;
652 wrows = IOSTAT_DEFAULT_ROWS;
657 * Inhibit doresize() calls until we are rescheduled by SIGWINCH.
669 * If xflag is set, we need a per-loop header, not a page header, so
670 * just return. We'll print the header in devstats().
676 (void)printf(" tty");
677 for (i = 0, printed=0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){
679 if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0)
680 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) {
681 di = dev_select[i].position;
682 snprintf(devbuf, sizeof(devbuf), "%s%d",
683 cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name,
684 cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number);
686 (void)printf("%13.6s ", devbuf);
688 printf("%16.6s ", devbuf);
693 (void)printf(" cpu\n");
698 (void)printf(" tin tout");
700 for (i=0, printed = 0;(i < num_devices) && (printed < maxshowdevs);i++){
701 if ((dev_select[i].selected != 0)
702 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs)) {
705 (void)printf(" sps tps msps ");
707 (void)printf(" blk xfr msps ");
710 printf(" KB/t tps MB/s ");
712 printf(" KB/t xfrs MB ");
718 (void)printf(" us ni sy in id\n");
725 devstats(int perf_select, long double etime, int havelast)
728 long double transfers_per_second, transfers_per_second_read, transfers_per_second_write;
729 long double kb_per_transfer, mb_per_second, mb_per_second_read, mb_per_second_write;
730 u_int64_t total_bytes, total_transfers, total_blocks;
731 u_int64_t total_bytes_read, total_transfers_read;
732 u_int64_t total_bytes_write, total_transfers_write;
733 long double busy_pct;
735 long double total_mb;
736 long double blocks_per_second, ms_per_transaction;
741 printf(" extended device statistics ");
749 "device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s qlen svc_t %%b "
753 "device r/i w/i kr/i kw/i qlen svc_t %%b "
758 printf("us ni sy in id ");
762 for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
765 if (((perf_select == 0) && (dev_select[dn].selected == 0))
766 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
769 di = dev_select[dn].position;
771 if (devstat_compute_statistics(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
772 havelast ? &last.dinfo->devices[di] : NULL, etime,
773 DSM_TOTAL_BYTES, &total_bytes,
774 DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_READ, &total_bytes_read,
775 DSM_TOTAL_BYTES_WRITE, &total_bytes_write,
776 DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS, &total_transfers,
777 DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS_READ, &total_transfers_read,
778 DSM_TOTAL_TRANSFERS_WRITE, &total_transfers_write,
779 DSM_TOTAL_BLOCKS, &total_blocks,
780 DSM_KB_PER_TRANSFER, &kb_per_transfer,
781 DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND, &transfers_per_second,
782 DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_READ, &transfers_per_second_read,
783 DSM_TRANSFERS_PER_SECOND_WRITE, &transfers_per_second_write,
784 DSM_MB_PER_SECOND, &mb_per_second,
785 DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_READ, &mb_per_second_read,
786 DSM_MB_PER_SECOND_WRITE, &mb_per_second_write,
787 DSM_BLOCKS_PER_SECOND, &blocks_per_second,
788 DSM_MS_PER_TRANSACTION, &ms_per_transaction,
789 DSM_BUSY_PCT, &busy_pct,
790 DSM_QUEUE_LENGTH, &queue_len,
792 errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
794 if (perf_select != 0) {
795 dev_select[dn].bytes = total_bytes;
796 if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
797 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
801 if (Kflag > 0 || xflag > 0) {
802 int block_size = cur.dinfo->devices[di].block_size;
803 total_blocks = total_blocks * (block_size ?
804 block_size : 512) / 1024;
808 if (asprintf(&devname, "%s%d",
809 cur.dinfo->devices[di].device_name,
810 cur.dinfo->devices[di].unit_number) == -1)
813 * If zflag is set, skip any devices with zero I/O.
815 if (zflag == 0 || transfers_per_second_read > 0.05 ||
816 transfers_per_second_write > 0.05 ||
817 mb_per_second_read > ((long double).0005)/1024 ||
818 mb_per_second_write > ((long double).0005)/1024 ||
821 printf("%-8.8s %5.1Lf %5.1Lf %7.1Lf %7.1Lf %4qu %5.1Lf %3.0Lf ",
822 devname, transfers_per_second_read,
823 transfers_per_second_write,
824 mb_per_second_read * 1024,
825 mb_per_second_write * 1024,
827 ms_per_transaction, busy_pct);
829 printf("%-8.8s %5.1Lf %5.1Lf %7.1Lf %7.1Lf %4qu %5.1Lf %3.0Lf ",
831 (long double)total_transfers_read,
832 (long double)total_transfers_write,
834 total_bytes_read / 1024,
836 total_bytes_write / 1024,
838 ms_per_transaction, busy_pct);
841 * If this is the first device
842 * we're printing, also print
843 * CPU or TTY stats if requested.
847 printf("%4.0Lf%5.0Lf",
849 cur.tk_nout / etime);
856 } else if (oflag > 0) {
857 int msdig = (ms_per_transaction < 100.0) ? 1 : 0;
860 printf("%4.0Lf%4.0Lf%5.*Lf ",
862 transfers_per_second,
866 printf("%4.1qu%4.1qu%5.*Lf ",
873 printf(" %5.2Lf %3.0Lf %5.2Lf ",
875 transfers_per_second,
878 total_mb = total_bytes;
879 total_mb /= 1024 * 1024;
881 printf(" %5.2Lf %3.1qu %5.2Lf ",
888 if (xflag > 0 && zflag > 0 && firstline == 1 &&
889 (Tflag > 0 || Cflag > 0)) {
891 * If zflag is set and we did not print any device
892 * lines I/O because they were all zero,
893 * print TTY/CPU stats.
897 printf("%4.0Lf %5.0Lf", cur.tk_nin / etime,
898 cur.tk_nout / etime);
913 for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
914 time += cur.cp_time[state];
915 for (state = 0; state < CPUSTATES; ++state)
917 rint(100. * cur.cp_time[state] / (time ? time : 1)));
921 readvar(kvm_t *kd, const char *name, int nlid, void *ptr, size_t len)
926 nbytes = kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlid].n_value, ptr, len);
929 warnx("kvm_read(%s): %s", namelist[nlid].n_name,
934 warnx("kvm_read(%s): expected %zu bytes, got %zd bytes",
935 namelist[nlid].n_name, len, nbytes);
941 if (sysctlbyname(name, ptr, &nlen, NULL, 0) == -1) {
942 warn("sysctl(%s...) failed", name);
946 warnx("sysctl(%s...): expected %lu, got %lu", name,
947 (unsigned long)len, (unsigned long)nlen);