1 /* $KAME: traceroute6.c,v 1.68 2004/01/25 11:16:12 suz Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 * without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
34 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
36 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
39 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
42 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
48 * must display the following acknowledgement:
49 * This product includes software developed by the University of
50 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
51 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53 * without specific prior written permission.
55 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
69 static char copyright[] =
70 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\
71 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
78 static const char rcsid[] =
83 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
85 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
86 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
87 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
88 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
89 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
90 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
91 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
92 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
93 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
94 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
95 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
96 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
97 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
100 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
101 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
102 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
103 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
105 * A sample use might be:
107 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
108 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
109 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
110 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
111 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
112 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
113 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
114 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
115 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
116 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
117 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
118 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
119 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
121 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
122 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
123 * packets with a zero ttl.
125 * A more interesting example is:
127 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
128 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
129 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
130 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
131 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
132 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
133 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
134 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
135 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
136 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
137 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
138 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
139 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
141 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
146 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
148 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
149 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
150 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
151 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
152 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
153 * only knows what's going on with 12.
155 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
156 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
157 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
158 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
159 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
160 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
161 * when it appears on the destination system:
163 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
164 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
165 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
166 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
167 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
168 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
175 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
177 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
178 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
179 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
180 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
181 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
182 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
183 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
184 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
185 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
186 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
187 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
188 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
189 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
192 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
193 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
194 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
195 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
196 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
197 * will give up and exit.
201 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
202 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
203 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
205 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
206 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
207 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
208 * opposed to data to be wrapped in an ip datagram). See the README
209 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
210 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
211 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
212 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
214 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
215 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
216 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
217 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
218 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
219 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
220 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
221 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
222 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
223 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
224 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
225 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
226 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
227 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
228 * port number before each probe.
230 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
231 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
232 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
234 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
235 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
236 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
237 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
238 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
239 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
241 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
242 * enhancements to the original distribution.
244 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
245 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
246 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
247 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
249 * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
250 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
253 #include <sys/param.h>
254 #include <sys/time.h>
255 #include <sys/socket.h>
257 #include <sys/file.h>
258 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
259 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
261 #include <netinet/in.h>
263 #include <arpa/inet.h>
276 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
277 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
278 #include <netinet/udp.h>
281 #include <net/route.h>
282 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
287 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010
289 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */
291 #ifndef HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
292 #define getipnodebyname(x, y, z, u) gethostbyname2((x), (y))
293 #define freehostent(x)
297 * format of a (udp) probe packet.
305 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
306 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */
308 struct tv32 tv; /* time packet left */
309 } __attribute__((__packed__));
311 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
312 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */
314 int main(int, char *[]);
315 int wait_for_reply(int, struct msghdr *);
317 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
318 int setpolicy(int so, char *policy);
321 void send_probe(int, u_long);
322 void *get_uphdr(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
323 int get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
324 double deltaT(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
326 int packet_ok(struct msghdr *, int, int);
327 void print(struct msghdr *, int);
328 const char *inetname(struct sockaddr *);
331 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
332 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
334 struct msghdr rcvmhdr;
335 struct iovec rcviov[2];
337 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
339 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv;
340 u_long datalen; /* How much data */
341 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN 8
342 /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */
344 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
345 struct ip6_rthdr *rth;
347 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
353 u_long first_hop = 1;
354 u_long max_hops = 30;
356 u_int16_t port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
358 int options; /* socket options */
360 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
361 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
362 int useproto = IPPROTO_UDP; /* protocol to use to send packet */
363 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */
364 int as_path; /* print as numbers for each hop */
365 char *as_server = NULL;
373 int mib[4] = { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6CTL_DEFHLIM };
374 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], src0[NI_MAXHOST], *ep;
375 int ch, i, on = 1, seq, rcvcmsglen, error, minlen;
376 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
377 static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf;
378 u_long probe, hops, lport;
386 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) {
387 perror("socket(ICMPv6)");
392 (void) sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(mib[0]), &i, &size, NULL, 0);
395 /* specify to tell receiving interface */
396 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
397 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
399 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
400 #else /* old adv. API */
401 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on,
403 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
406 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
407 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
408 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
410 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
411 #else /* old adv. API */
412 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on,
414 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
419 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "aA:df:g:Ilm:nNp:q:rs:Uvw:")) != -1)
434 first_hop = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
435 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || first_hop > 255) {
437 "traceroute6: invalid min hoplimit.\n");
442 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno);
445 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg);
448 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
451 * XXX: We can't detect the number of
452 * intermediate nodes yet.
454 if ((rth = inet6_rth_init((void *)rtbuf,
455 sizeof(rtbuf), IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0,
458 "inet6_rth_init failed.\n");
462 if (inet6_rth_add((void *)rth,
463 (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr)) {
465 "inet6_rth_add failed for %s\n",
469 #else /* old advanced API */
471 cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0);
472 inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr,
478 useproto = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
479 ident = htons(getpid() & 0xffff); /* same as ping6 */
487 max_hops = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
488 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep || max_hops > 255) {
490 "traceroute6: invalid max hoplimit.\n");
498 useproto = IPPROTO_NONE;
503 lport = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
504 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
505 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: invalid port.\n");
508 if (lport == 0 || lport != (lport & 0xffff)) {
510 "traceroute6: port out of range.\n");
513 port = lport & 0xffff;
518 nprobes = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
519 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
521 "traceroute6: invalid nprobes.\n");
526 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n");
531 options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
535 * set the ip source address of the outbound
536 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
544 useproto = IPPROTO_UDP;
549 waittime = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
550 if (errno || !*optarg || *ep) {
552 "traceroute6: invalid wait time.\n");
557 "traceroute6: wait must be >= 1 sec.\n");
568 * Open socket to send probe packets.
575 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
576 perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
581 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_NONE)) < 0) {
582 perror("socket(SOCK_RAW)");
587 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: unknown probe protocol %d",
591 if (max_hops < first_hop) {
593 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be larger than first hoplimit.\n");
599 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) {
605 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
609 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
614 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
615 hints.ai_family = PF_INET6;
616 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
617 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
618 hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
619 error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res);
622 "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
625 if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) {
627 "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n");
630 memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
631 hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv;
633 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: not enough core\n");
637 if (getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, hbuf,
638 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
639 strlcpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf));
640 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: Warning: %s has multiple "
641 "addresses; using %s\n", hostname, hbuf);
647 datalen = strtoul(*argv, &ep, 0);
648 if (errno || !*argv || *ep) {
650 "traceroute6: invalid packet length.\n");
656 minlen = ICMP6ECHOLEN + sizeof(struct tv32);
659 minlen = sizeof(struct opacket);
666 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: unknown probe protocol %d.\n",
670 if (datalen < minlen)
672 else if (datalen >= MAXPACKET) {
674 "traceroute6: packet size must be %d <= s < %ld.\n",
675 minlen, (long)MAXPACKET);
678 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen);
683 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen);
685 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
686 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
687 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
688 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv;
689 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv);
690 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
691 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
692 rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) +
693 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
694 if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) {
695 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n");
698 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
699 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
701 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
702 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
703 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
704 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
705 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
706 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
708 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
710 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
713 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0)
714 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
715 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0)
716 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
719 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE;
721 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
723 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
725 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
726 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
729 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
732 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
733 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
737 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
742 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&i,
743 sizeof(i)) < 0 && useproto != IPPROTO_NONE) {
744 perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
747 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
748 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
749 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
750 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
751 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
752 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
753 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
754 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
755 if (rth) {/* XXX: there is no library to finalize the header... */
756 rth->ip6r_len = rth->ip6r_segleft * 2;
757 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
758 (void *)rth, (rth->ip6r_len + 1) << 3)) {
759 fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR): %s\n",
764 #else /* old advanced API */
766 inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
767 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
768 rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len) < 0) {
769 fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS): %s\n",
774 #endif /* USE_RFC2292BIS */
776 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
778 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
781 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0)
782 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
783 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0)
784 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
787 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
789 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
791 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
793 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
794 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
797 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
800 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
801 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
805 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
811 bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src));
813 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
816 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
817 hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
818 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
819 hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
820 error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res);
822 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
823 gai_strerror(error));
826 if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) {
827 printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
828 gai_strerror(error));
831 memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
834 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt;
839 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
841 bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr,
842 sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr));
843 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
847 if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) {
852 if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
853 perror("getsockname");
856 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len,
857 src0, sizeof(src0), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
858 fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo failed for source\n");
865 Src.sin6_port = htons(0);
866 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) {
875 if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
876 perror("getsockname");
879 srcport = ntohs(Src.sin6_port);
883 asn = as_setup(as_server);
886 "traceroute6: as_setup failed, AS# lookups"
888 (void)fflush(stderr);
896 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf,
897 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
898 strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
899 fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6");
900 fprintf(stderr, " to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf);
902 fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
903 fprintf(stderr, ", %lu hops max, %lu byte packets\n",
905 (void) fflush(stderr);
908 printf("Skipping %lu intermediate hops\n", first_hop - 1);
913 for (hops = first_hop; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) {
914 struct in6_addr lastaddr;
918 printf("%2lu ", hops);
919 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr));
920 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
922 struct timeval t1, t2;
924 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
925 send_probe(++seq, hops);
926 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) {
927 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
928 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) {
929 if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr,
932 fputs("\n ", stdout);
934 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr;
936 printf(" %.3f ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
938 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
942 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
946 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR:
950 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
954 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
966 (void) fflush(stdout);
970 (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) {
981 wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr)
986 struct pollfd pfd[1];
990 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
993 if (poll(pfd, 1, waittime * 1000) > 0)
994 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
1002 fdsn = howmany(sock + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
1003 if ((fdsp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdsn)) == NULL)
1005 memset(fdsp, 0, fdsn);
1007 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0;
1009 if (select(sock+1, fdsp, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
1010 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
1018 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1020 setpolicy(so, policy)
1026 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
1028 warnx("%s", ipsec_strerror());
1031 (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY,
1032 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf));
1042 send_probe(seq, hops)
1046 struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1053 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
1054 (char *)&i, sizeof(i)) < 0) {
1055 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS");
1058 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq);
1059 (void) gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1060 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1061 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
1064 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1065 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpacket;
1067 icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1068 icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1069 icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1070 icp->icmp6_id = ident;
1071 icp->icmp6_seq = htons(seq);
1072 bcopy(&tv32, ((u_int8_t *)outpacket + ICMP6ECHOLEN),
1080 bcopy(&tv32, &op->tv, sizeof tv32);
1083 /* No space for anything. No harm as seq/tv32 are decorative. */
1086 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown probe protocol %d.\n", useproto);
1090 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen, 0,
1091 (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len);
1092 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
1095 printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %lu chars, ret=%d\n",
1096 hostname, datalen, i);
1097 (void) fflush(stdout);
1103 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1107 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1108 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1109 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1110 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1111 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1112 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1120 struct timeval *t1p, *t2p;
1124 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1125 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1130 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
1136 u_char t = t0 & 0xff;
1140 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
1141 cp = "Destination Unreachable";
1143 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
1144 cp = "Packet Too Big";
1146 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1147 cp = "Time Exceeded";
1149 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
1150 cp = "Parameter Problem";
1152 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
1153 cp = "Echo Request";
1155 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
1158 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
1159 cp = "Group Membership Query";
1161 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
1162 cp = "Group Membership Report";
1164 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
1165 cp = "Group Membership Reduction";
1167 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
1168 cp = "Router Solicitation";
1170 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
1171 cp = "Router Advertisement";
1173 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
1174 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation";
1176 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
1177 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement";
1190 packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq)
1191 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1195 struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1196 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1198 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base;
1201 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1209 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf;
1210 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1211 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1213 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1214 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1215 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1216 printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
1222 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen);
1224 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1226 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1227 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1228 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1229 printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf);
1233 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1235 /* get optional information via advanced API */
1238 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1239 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1240 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1241 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1243 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1244 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm));
1246 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1247 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1248 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1249 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1251 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) {
1252 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info");
1256 rcvhlim = 0; /*XXX*/
1262 type = icp->icmp6_type;
1263 code = icp->icmp6_code;
1264 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
1265 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) {
1266 struct ip6_hdr *hip;
1269 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
1270 if ((up = get_uphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) {
1272 warnx("failed to get upper layer header");
1276 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1277 if (((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_id == ident &&
1278 ((struct icmp6_hdr *)up)->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1279 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ?
1283 if (((struct udphdr *)up)->uh_sport == htons(srcport) &&
1284 ((struct udphdr *)up)->uh_dport == htons(port + seq))
1285 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ?
1289 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1291 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown probe proto %d.\n", useproto);
1294 } else if (useproto == IPPROTO_ICMPV6 && type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY) {
1295 if (icp->icmp6_id == ident &&
1296 icp->icmp6_seq == htons(seq))
1297 return (ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT + 1);
1300 char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1304 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1305 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1306 strlcpy(sbuf, "invalid", sizeof(sbuf));
1307 printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf,
1308 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1309 dbuf, sizeof(dbuf)) : "?");
1310 printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
1312 p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1);
1314 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1319 printf("%02x", p[i]);
1320 if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1)
1323 if (cc % WIDTH != 0)
1330 * Increment pointer until find the UDP or ICMP header.
1334 struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
1337 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
1339 static u_char none_hdr[1]; /* Fake pointer for IPPROTO_NONE. */
1341 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) > lim)
1345 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1347 while (lim - cp >= (nh == IPPROTO_NONE ? 0 : 8)) {
1352 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1353 return(useproto == nh ? cp : NULL);
1355 return(useproto == nh ? cp : NULL);
1357 return(useproto == nh ? none_hdr : NULL);
1358 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
1359 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
1360 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
1363 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2;
1364 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1367 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3;
1368 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1380 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1383 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1384 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1386 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1387 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1388 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1390 printf(" [AS%u]", as_lookup(asn, hbuf, AF_INET6));
1392 printf(" %s", hbuf);
1394 printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf);
1396 printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from));
1400 printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc,
1401 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1402 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1404 printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc,
1405 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1406 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
1412 * Construct an Internet address representation.
1413 * If the nflag has been supplied, give
1414 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
1418 struct sockaddr *sa;
1420 static char line[NI_MAXHOST], domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
1421 static int first = 1;
1424 if (first && !nflag) {
1426 if (gethostname(domain, sizeof(domain)) == 0 &&
1427 (cp = strchr(domain, '.')))
1428 (void) strlcpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain));
1434 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1435 NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) {
1436 if ((cp = strchr(line, '.')) &&
1437 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
1445 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1446 NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
1447 strlcpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
1456 "usage: traceroute6 [-dIlnNrUv] [-f firsthop] [-g gateway] [-m hoplimit]\n"
1457 " [-p port] [-q probes] [-s src] [-w waittime] target [datalen]\n");