1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
31 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
32 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
33 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
36 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
37 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
41 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
42 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
45 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
46 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
47 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
48 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
51 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
52 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
53 from sources, so a version bump was done.
56 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
57 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
58 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
59 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
62 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
63 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
64 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
65 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
68 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
69 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
70 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
71 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
74 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
75 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
76 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
77 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
78 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
79 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
80 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
83 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
84 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
87 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
88 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
89 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
92 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
93 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
94 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
95 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
97 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
98 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
99 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
100 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
104 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
105 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
106 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
107 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
110 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
111 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
114 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
115 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
116 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
117 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
118 be functional without closefrom(2).
121 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
122 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
123 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
124 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
125 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
126 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
129 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
130 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
131 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
132 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
135 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
136 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
137 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
140 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
143 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
144 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
145 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
148 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
149 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
152 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
153 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
154 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
158 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
159 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
163 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
164 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
165 together with their new kernel.
168 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
169 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
170 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
172 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
173 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
176 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
180 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
181 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
182 external toolchain package.
185 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
186 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
187 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
188 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
189 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
192 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
193 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
194 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
195 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
198 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
199 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
200 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
204 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
207 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
208 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
209 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
210 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
213 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
214 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
215 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
218 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
219 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
220 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
221 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
222 differences between those included in the port and those included in
223 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
224 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
225 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
228 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
229 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
233 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
234 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
235 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
236 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
237 add superio to the set.
240 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
241 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
244 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
245 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
246 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
247 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
248 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
249 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
250 completely in the future.
253 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
254 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
255 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
256 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
257 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
258 will be removed from the list.
261 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
262 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
263 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
264 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
267 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
268 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
269 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
270 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
273 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
274 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
275 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
276 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
279 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
280 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
281 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
284 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
285 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
286 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
287 your scripts, because they had no effect.
289 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
290 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
291 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
292 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
293 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
296 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
297 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
298 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
299 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
300 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
301 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
302 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
305 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
306 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
307 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
308 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
311 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
312 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
313 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
314 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
317 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
318 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
319 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
322 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
323 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
324 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
325 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
326 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
327 avoid running into the limit.
330 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
331 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
334 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
335 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
336 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
337 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
338 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
339 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
342 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
343 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
346 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
347 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
348 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
349 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
350 availability properties.
352 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
353 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
354 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
355 initial condition, if desired.
357 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
358 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
360 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
361 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
362 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
363 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
366 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
367 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
368 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
369 therefore unblocked).
372 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
373 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
374 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
375 is added to the command line.
376 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
377 not affected and should continue to work.
380 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
381 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
382 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
383 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
386 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
387 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
388 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
392 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
393 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
397 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
398 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
399 migrating to the drm ports.
402 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
403 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
404 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
405 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
406 is loaded automatically.
409 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
410 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
411 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
415 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
416 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
417 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
418 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
421 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
422 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
423 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
424 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
425 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
429 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
430 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
431 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
433 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
434 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
436 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
437 removed from the mips port.
440 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
441 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
442 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
446 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
447 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
450 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
451 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
452 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
453 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
456 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
457 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
458 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
461 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
462 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
463 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
467 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
468 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
469 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
471 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
472 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
473 being included using the command:
477 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
478 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
481 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
482 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
483 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
484 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
485 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
486 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
487 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
488 that as you will get better support.
490 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
491 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
492 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
493 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
495 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
496 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
497 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
498 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
502 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
503 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
504 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
505 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
506 be adjusted as necessary.
509 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
510 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
511 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
512 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
515 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
516 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
517 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
518 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
522 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
523 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
524 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
525 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
529 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
530 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
531 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
532 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
533 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
534 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
537 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
538 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
539 default since FreeBSD-11.
542 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
543 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
544 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
547 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
548 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
549 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
550 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
551 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
552 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
553 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
555 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
556 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
559 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
560 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
561 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
562 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
563 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
564 may not be observed in a future release.
567 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
568 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
572 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
573 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
574 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
575 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
578 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
579 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
580 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
581 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
585 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
586 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
587 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
590 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
591 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
592 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
593 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
594 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
597 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
598 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
599 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
600 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
601 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
602 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
605 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
606 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
607 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
611 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
612 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
613 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
616 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
617 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
618 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
619 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
620 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
621 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
622 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
623 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
624 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
625 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
629 Big endian arm support has been removed.
632 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
633 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
634 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
635 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
636 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
639 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
640 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
641 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
642 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
643 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
644 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
647 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
648 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
651 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
652 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
653 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
654 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
655 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
656 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
657 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
660 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
661 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
662 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
666 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
667 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
668 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
672 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
673 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
676 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
677 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
681 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
682 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
683 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
684 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
687 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
688 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
689 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
693 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
694 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
695 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
699 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
700 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
701 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
702 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
703 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
704 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
707 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
708 workaround is necessary.
711 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
712 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
713 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
714 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
717 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
718 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
719 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
720 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
721 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
724 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
725 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
726 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
727 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
730 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
731 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
732 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
736 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
737 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
741 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
742 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
746 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
747 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
748 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
749 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
750 microseconds and time zone offsets.
752 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
753 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
754 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
755 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
756 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
757 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
758 adjustments, depending on the software used.
760 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
761 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
764 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
767 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
768 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
769 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
771 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
773 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
774 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
775 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
776 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
777 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
778 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
779 thus expected to continue to function as before.
781 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
785 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
786 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
787 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
790 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
791 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
792 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
793 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
794 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
795 should be as simple as:
797 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
798 $ make depend all install
801 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
802 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
803 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
804 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
805 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
806 provisions for backup boot methods.
809 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
810 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
811 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
815 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
816 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
817 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
821 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
822 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
823 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
825 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
826 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
829 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
830 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
831 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
832 remove it from kernel config files.
835 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
836 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
837 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
839 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
840 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
843 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
844 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
845 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
846 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
849 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
850 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
853 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
854 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
855 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
856 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
859 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
860 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
861 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
862 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
863 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
864 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
867 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
868 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
869 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
872 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
873 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
874 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
875 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
876 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
879 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
880 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
881 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
882 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
883 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
887 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
888 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
889 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
890 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
891 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
892 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
893 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
894 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
895 than hardcoding paths.
898 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
899 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
900 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
903 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
904 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
905 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
906 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
909 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
910 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
913 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
914 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
915 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
916 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
919 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
920 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
921 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
922 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
923 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
926 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
927 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
928 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
929 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
933 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
934 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
935 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
936 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
937 soft-float everything else should be affected.
940 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
941 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
944 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
945 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
949 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
950 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
954 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
955 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
956 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
957 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
959 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
960 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
961 sandbox if successful.
963 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
964 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
965 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
966 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
967 an unprivileged user.
970 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
971 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
972 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
973 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
974 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
975 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
976 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
977 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
978 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
979 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
980 to which you should answer yes.
983 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
984 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
985 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
986 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
987 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
990 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
991 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
992 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
995 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
996 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
999 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1000 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1001 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1002 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1003 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1004 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1005 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1008 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1009 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1010 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1011 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1012 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1013 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1016 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1017 if you require the GPL compiler.
1020 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1021 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1022 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1025 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1026 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1027 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1031 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1032 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1033 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1034 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1035 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1036 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1039 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1040 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1041 which only require one chipset support.
1043 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1047 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1048 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1049 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1051 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1052 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1055 * load the chip modules in question
1056 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1058 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1059 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1061 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1064 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1065 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1066 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1068 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1069 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1070 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1072 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1073 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1074 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1075 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1076 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1077 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1078 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1079 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1082 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1083 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1084 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1087 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1088 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1089 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1092 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1093 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1094 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1095 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1096 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1097 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1098 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1101 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1102 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1103 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1104 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1107 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1108 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1109 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1112 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1113 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1114 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1117 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1118 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1120 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1121 via one of the following methods:
1122 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1123 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1124 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1125 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1127 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1130 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1131 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1132 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1133 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1137 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1138 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1139 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1140 be prefixed with colon.
1143 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1144 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1145 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1148 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1149 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1150 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1153 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1154 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1155 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1159 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1163 MCA bus support has been removed.
1166 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1167 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1170 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1171 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1174 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1175 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1176 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1180 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1181 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1182 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1185 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1186 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1187 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1190 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1191 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1192 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1195 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1196 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1197 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1198 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1201 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1202 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1204 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1205 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1208 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1209 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1210 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1214 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1215 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1216 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1219 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1220 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1223 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1224 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1225 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1226 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1229 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1230 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1231 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1232 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1233 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1236 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1239 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1240 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1241 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1242 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1245 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1246 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1247 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1251 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1252 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1253 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1254 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1255 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1259 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1260 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1263 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1266 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1267 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1268 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1269 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1270 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1271 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1275 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1276 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1277 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1278 previously contained a line like
1279 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1280 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1281 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1285 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1286 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1287 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1288 built with the old headers.
1291 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1292 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1293 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1294 installing a new libc.
1297 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1298 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1299 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1300 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1301 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1302 packages will be needed.
1304 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1305 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1306 and the install steps.
1309 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1310 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1311 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1312 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1313 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1314 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1317 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1318 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1319 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1320 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1321 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1323 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1324 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1325 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1326 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1327 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1329 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1330 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1331 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1332 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1333 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1334 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1337 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1338 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1339 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1340 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1341 quirks entry to 0x3.
1344 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1345 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1346 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1349 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1350 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1353 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1354 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1355 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1356 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1357 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1358 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1359 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1360 stale .depend files.
1363 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1364 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1365 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1369 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1370 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1371 make -C sys/boot install
1372 <reboot in single user>
1374 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1378 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1379 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1380 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1383 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1384 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1385 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1386 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1387 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1388 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1391 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1392 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1393 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1394 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1395 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1398 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1399 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1400 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1401 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1402 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1405 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1406 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1409 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1410 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1411 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1414 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1415 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1416 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1420 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1421 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1422 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1423 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1424 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1425 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1428 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1429 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1430 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1431 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1435 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1436 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1437 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1440 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1441 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1442 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1444 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1445 collation results will be different.
1447 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1448 locales before running make installworld.
1450 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1453 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1454 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1457 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1458 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1459 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1462 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1463 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1464 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1465 and 'make -N' will not.
1468 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1469 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1470 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1471 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1472 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1473 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1474 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1475 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1478 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1479 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1480 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1481 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1484 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1485 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1486 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1489 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1490 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1491 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1492 userland debug files.
1494 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1495 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1496 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1498 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1499 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1502 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1503 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1504 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1505 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1506 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1507 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1510 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1511 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1512 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1515 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1516 them, the kernel must have
1519 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1521 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1522 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1523 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1524 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1526 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1527 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1530 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1531 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1532 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1535 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1536 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1537 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1538 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1540 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1541 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1542 difference with this change.
1544 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1545 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1546 remove that workaround.
1549 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1550 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1551 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1554 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1557 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1558 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1559 loader.rc.local instead.
1562 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1563 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1564 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1567 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1568 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1569 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1571 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1572 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1575 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1576 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1577 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1578 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1579 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1580 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1581 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1582 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1583 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1584 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1585 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1586 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1589 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1590 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1592 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1593 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1594 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1596 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1597 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1599 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1600 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1601 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1603 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1604 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1605 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1606 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1608 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1609 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1610 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1611 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1613 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1614 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1615 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1616 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1617 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1618 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1619 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1620 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1624 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1625 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1628 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1629 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1632 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1633 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1634 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1635 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1636 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1639 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1640 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1641 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1642 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1645 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1646 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1647 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1648 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1649 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1650 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1651 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1653 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1654 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1655 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1656 replace it with '2'.
1657 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1658 a file path, create a new file with:
1659 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1660 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1661 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1662 5. Restart sendmail:
1663 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1665 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1669 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1670 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1671 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1672 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1675 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1678 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1679 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1680 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1683 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1684 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1687 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1688 same but content is different now
1689 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1690 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1691 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1692 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1693 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1696 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1697 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1698 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1701 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1702 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1705 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1706 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1709 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1710 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1711 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1714 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1715 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1716 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1717 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1720 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1721 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1722 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1725 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1726 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1727 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1728 kernel before rebooting.
1731 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1732 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1733 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1734 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1735 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1736 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1739 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1740 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1741 with the new kernel.
1744 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1745 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1746 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1749 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1750 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1751 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1752 are not already using 3.5.0.
1755 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1756 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1757 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1758 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1759 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1762 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1763 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1764 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1765 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1768 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1769 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1772 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1774 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1775 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1776 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1777 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1778 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1779 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1782 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1783 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1786 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1787 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1788 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1789 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1791 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1792 the instructions for 9.x above.
1794 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1795 default, and do not build clang.
1797 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1798 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1799 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1801 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1802 the following are most likely to appear:
1806 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1807 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1808 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1809 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1810 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1811 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1812 cast, or disable the warning.
1814 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1815 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1816 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1817 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1820 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1821 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1823 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1824 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1825 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1826 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1828 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1829 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1830 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1831 unreachable could be optimized away.
1834 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1835 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1836 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1837 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1838 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1839 the utilities will report errors.
1842 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1843 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1844 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1845 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1846 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1850 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1851 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1854 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1855 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1856 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1859 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1860 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1861 indicate what you need to do.
1863 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1864 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1865 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1867 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1868 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1872 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1873 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1877 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1878 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1882 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1886 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1887 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1888 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1889 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1890 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1891 their next update cycle.
1894 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1895 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1896 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1897 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1901 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1902 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1905 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1906 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1907 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1908 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1909 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1913 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1914 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1916 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1919 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1920 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1921 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1922 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1926 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1927 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1931 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1932 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1933 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1934 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1935 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1938 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1939 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1940 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1943 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1944 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1945 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1948 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1949 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1950 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1951 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1952 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1953 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1954 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1955 "make installworld".
1957 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1958 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1959 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1962 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1963 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1964 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1965 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1966 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1969 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1972 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1973 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1977 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1978 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1979 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1980 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1981 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1982 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1983 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1984 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1985 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1986 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1987 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1988 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1990 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1991 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1992 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1996 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1997 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2000 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2001 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2002 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2003 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2004 build hosts for older releases.
2006 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2007 r276991, respectively.
2010 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2011 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2012 will silently lack HESIOD.
2015 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2016 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2017 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2018 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2019 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2020 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2021 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2022 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2023 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2024 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2025 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2026 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2029 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2030 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2031 with command line option -W.
2034 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2035 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2036 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2037 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2038 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2041 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2044 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2045 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2048 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2049 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2050 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2051 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2052 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2055 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2056 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2057 kernel is still highly recommended.
2060 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2061 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2062 capability mode support in kernel.
2065 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2066 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2067 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2068 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2069 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2072 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2073 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2074 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2075 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2076 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2077 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2080 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2081 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2082 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2083 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2084 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2085 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2086 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2087 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2088 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2091 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2092 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2093 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2094 should change your settings to use the latter.
2097 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2098 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2099 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2100 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2101 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2104 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2105 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2106 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2108 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2110 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2113 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2120 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2121 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2122 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2123 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2124 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2125 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2126 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2127 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2129 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2130 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2131 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2132 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2133 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2134 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2135 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2136 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2139 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2140 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2141 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2142 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2145 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2146 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2147 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2148 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2150 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2151 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2152 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2153 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2154 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2155 should write them with this in mind.
2159 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2162 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2163 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2165 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2167 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2168 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2169 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2171 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2175 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2176 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2177 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2179 make kernel-toolchain
2180 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2181 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2183 To test a kernel once
2184 ---------------------
2185 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2186 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2187 debugging information) run
2188 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2189 nextboot -k testkernel
2191 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2192 -----------------------------------------------------------
2193 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2194 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2196 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2198 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2199 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2201 <reboot in single user> [3]
2208 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2209 --------------------------------------------------
2210 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2211 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2212 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2215 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2218 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2219 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2220 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2221 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2222 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2223 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2224 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2225 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2226 <reboot into current>
2227 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2228 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2232 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2233 ----------------------------------------------
2234 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2236 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2237 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2239 <reboot in single user> [3]
2246 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2247 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2248 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2249 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2250 the UPDATING entries.
2252 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2253 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2254 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2255 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2256 much fewer pitfalls.
2258 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2259 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2262 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2266 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2267 cd src # full path to source
2268 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2269 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2270 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2272 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2273 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2274 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2275 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2276 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2277 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2278 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2280 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2281 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2282 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2283 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2284 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2285 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2287 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2288 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2289 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2291 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2292 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2293 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2294 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2295 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2296 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2297 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2298 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2300 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2301 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2302 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2305 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2306 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2307 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2309 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2310 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2311 warn if it is improperly defined.
2314 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2315 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2316 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2317 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2318 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2320 Copyright information:
2322 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2324 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2325 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2326 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2328 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2329 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2330 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2331 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2332 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2333 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2334 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2335 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2336 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2337 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2338 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2340 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of