1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
31 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
32 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
33 unless you want to use new features.
36 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
37 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
38 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
39 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
42 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
43 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
47 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
48 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
51 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
52 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
53 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
54 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
57 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
58 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
59 from sources, so a version bump was done.
62 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
63 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
64 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
65 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
68 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
69 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
70 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
71 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
74 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
75 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
76 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
77 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
80 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
81 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
82 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
83 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
84 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
85 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
86 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
89 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
90 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
93 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
94 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
95 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
98 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
99 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
100 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
101 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
103 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
104 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
105 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
106 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
110 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
111 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
112 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
113 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
116 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
117 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
120 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
121 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
122 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
123 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
124 be functional without closefrom(2).
127 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
128 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
129 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
130 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
131 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
132 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
135 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
136 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
137 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
138 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
141 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
142 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
143 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
146 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
149 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
150 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
151 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
154 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
155 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
158 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
159 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
160 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
164 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
165 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
169 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
170 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
171 together with their new kernel.
174 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
175 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
176 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
178 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
179 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
182 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
186 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
187 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
188 external toolchain package.
191 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
192 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
193 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
194 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
195 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
198 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
199 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
200 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
201 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
204 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
205 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
206 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
210 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
213 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
214 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
215 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
216 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
219 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
220 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
221 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
224 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
225 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
226 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
227 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
228 differences between those included in the port and those included in
229 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
230 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
231 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
234 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
235 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
239 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
240 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
241 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
242 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
243 add superio to the set.
246 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
247 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
250 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
251 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
252 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
253 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
254 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
255 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
256 completely in the future.
259 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
260 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
261 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
262 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
263 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
264 will be removed from the list.
267 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
268 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
269 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
270 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
273 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
274 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
275 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
276 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
279 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
280 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
281 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
282 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
285 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
286 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
287 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
290 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
291 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
292 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
293 your scripts, because they had no effect.
295 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
296 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
297 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
298 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
299 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
302 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
303 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
304 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
305 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
306 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
307 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
308 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
311 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
312 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
313 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
314 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
317 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
318 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
319 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
320 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
323 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
324 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
325 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
328 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
329 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
330 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
331 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
332 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
333 avoid running into the limit.
336 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
337 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
340 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
341 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
342 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
343 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
344 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
345 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
348 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
349 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
352 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
353 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
354 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
355 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
356 availability properties.
358 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
359 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
360 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
361 initial condition, if desired.
363 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
364 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
366 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
367 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
368 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
369 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
372 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
373 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
374 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
375 therefore unblocked).
378 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
379 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
380 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
381 is added to the command line.
382 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
383 not affected and should continue to work.
386 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
387 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
388 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
389 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
392 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
393 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
394 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
398 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
399 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
403 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
404 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
405 migrating to the drm ports.
408 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
409 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
410 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
411 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
412 is loaded automatically.
415 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
416 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
417 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
421 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
422 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
423 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
424 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
427 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
428 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
429 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
430 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
431 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
435 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
436 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
437 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
439 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
440 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
442 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
443 removed from the mips port.
446 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
447 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
448 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
452 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
453 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
456 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
457 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
458 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
459 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
462 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
463 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
464 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
467 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
468 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
469 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
473 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
474 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
475 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
477 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
478 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
479 being included using the command:
483 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
484 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
487 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
488 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
489 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
490 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
491 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
492 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
493 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
494 that as you will get better support.
496 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
497 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
498 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
499 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
501 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
502 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
503 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
504 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
508 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
509 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
510 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
511 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
512 be adjusted as necessary.
515 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
516 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
517 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
518 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
521 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
522 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
523 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
524 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
528 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
529 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
530 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
531 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
535 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
536 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
537 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
538 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
539 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
540 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
543 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
544 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
545 default since FreeBSD-11.
548 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
549 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
550 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
553 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
554 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
555 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
556 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
557 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
558 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
559 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
561 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
562 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
565 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
566 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
567 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
568 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
569 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
570 may not be observed in a future release.
573 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
574 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
578 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
579 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
580 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
581 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
584 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
585 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
586 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
587 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
591 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
592 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
593 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
596 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
597 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
598 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
599 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
600 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
603 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
604 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
605 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
606 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
607 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
608 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
611 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
612 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
613 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
617 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
618 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
619 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
622 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
623 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
624 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
625 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
626 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
627 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
628 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
629 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
630 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
631 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
635 Big endian arm support has been removed.
638 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
639 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
640 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
641 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
642 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
645 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
646 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
647 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
648 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
649 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
650 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
653 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
654 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
657 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
658 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
659 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
660 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
661 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
662 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
663 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
666 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
667 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
668 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
672 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
673 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
674 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
678 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
679 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
682 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
683 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
687 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
688 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
689 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
690 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
693 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
694 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
695 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
699 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
700 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
701 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
705 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
706 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
707 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
708 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
709 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
710 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
713 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
714 workaround is necessary.
717 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
718 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
719 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
720 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
723 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
724 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
725 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
726 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
727 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
730 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
731 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
732 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
733 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
736 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
737 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
738 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
742 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
743 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
747 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
748 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
752 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
753 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
754 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
755 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
756 microseconds and time zone offsets.
758 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
759 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
760 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
761 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
762 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
763 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
764 adjustments, depending on the software used.
766 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
767 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
770 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
773 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
774 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
775 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
777 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
779 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
780 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
781 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
782 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
783 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
784 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
785 thus expected to continue to function as before.
787 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
791 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
792 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
793 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
796 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
797 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
798 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
799 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
800 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
801 should be as simple as:
803 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
804 $ make depend all install
807 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
808 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
809 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
810 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
811 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
812 provisions for backup boot methods.
815 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
816 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
817 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
821 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
822 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
823 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
827 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
828 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
829 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
831 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
832 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
835 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
836 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
837 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
838 remove it from kernel config files.
841 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
842 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
843 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
845 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
846 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
849 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
850 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
851 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
852 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
855 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
856 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
859 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
860 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
861 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
862 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
865 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
866 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
867 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
868 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
869 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
870 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
873 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
874 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
875 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
878 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
879 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
880 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
881 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
882 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
885 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
886 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
887 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
888 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
889 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
893 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
894 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
895 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
896 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
897 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
898 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
899 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
900 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
901 than hardcoding paths.
904 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
905 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
906 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
909 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
910 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
911 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
912 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
915 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
916 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
919 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
920 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
921 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
922 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
925 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
926 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
927 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
928 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
929 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
932 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
933 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
934 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
935 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
939 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
940 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
941 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
942 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
943 soft-float everything else should be affected.
946 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
947 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
950 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
951 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
955 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
956 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
960 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
961 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
962 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
963 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
965 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
966 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
967 sandbox if successful.
969 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
970 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
971 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
972 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
973 an unprivileged user.
976 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
977 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
978 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
979 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
980 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
981 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
982 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
983 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
984 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
985 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
986 to which you should answer yes.
989 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
990 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
991 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
992 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
993 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
996 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
997 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
998 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1001 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1002 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1005 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1006 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1007 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1008 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1009 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1010 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1011 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1014 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1015 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1016 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1017 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1018 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1019 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1022 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1023 if you require the GPL compiler.
1026 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1027 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1028 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1031 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1032 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1033 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1037 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1038 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1039 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1040 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1041 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1042 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1045 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1046 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1047 which only require one chipset support.
1049 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1053 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1054 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1055 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1057 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1058 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1061 * load the chip modules in question
1062 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1064 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1065 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1067 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1070 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1071 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1072 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1074 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1075 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1076 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1078 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1079 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1080 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1081 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1082 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1083 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1084 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1085 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1088 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1089 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1090 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1093 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1094 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1095 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1098 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1099 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1100 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1101 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1102 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1103 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1104 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1107 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1108 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1109 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1110 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1113 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1114 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1115 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1118 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1119 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1120 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1123 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1124 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1126 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1127 via one of the following methods:
1128 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1129 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1130 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1131 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1133 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1136 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1137 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1138 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1139 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1143 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1144 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1145 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1146 be prefixed with colon.
1149 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1150 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1151 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1154 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1155 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1156 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1159 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1160 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1161 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1165 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1169 MCA bus support has been removed.
1172 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1173 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1176 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1177 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1180 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1181 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1182 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1186 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1187 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1188 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1191 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1192 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1193 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1196 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1197 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1198 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1201 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1202 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1203 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1204 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1207 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1208 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1210 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1211 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1214 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1215 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1216 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1220 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1221 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1222 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1225 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1226 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1229 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1230 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1231 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1232 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1235 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1236 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1237 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1238 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1239 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1242 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1245 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1246 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1247 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1248 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1251 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1252 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1253 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1257 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1258 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1259 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1260 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1261 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1265 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1266 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1269 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1272 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1273 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1274 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1275 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1276 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1277 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1281 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1282 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1283 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1284 previously contained a line like
1285 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1286 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1287 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1291 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1292 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1293 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1294 built with the old headers.
1297 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1298 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1299 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1300 installing a new libc.
1303 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1304 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1305 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1306 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1307 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1308 packages will be needed.
1310 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1311 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1312 and the install steps.
1315 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1316 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1317 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1318 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1319 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1320 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1323 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1324 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1325 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1326 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1327 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1329 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1330 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1331 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1332 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1333 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1335 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1336 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1337 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1338 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1339 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1340 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1343 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1344 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1345 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1346 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1347 quirks entry to 0x3.
1350 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1351 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1352 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1355 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1356 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1359 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1360 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1361 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1362 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1363 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1364 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1365 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1366 stale .depend files.
1369 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1370 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1371 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1375 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1376 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1377 make -C sys/boot install
1378 <reboot in single user>
1380 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1384 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1385 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1386 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1389 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1390 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1391 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1392 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1393 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1394 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1397 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1398 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1399 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1400 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1401 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1404 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1405 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1406 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1407 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1408 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1411 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1412 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1415 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1416 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1417 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1420 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1421 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1422 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1426 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1427 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1428 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1429 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1430 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1431 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1434 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1435 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1436 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1437 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1441 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1442 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1443 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1446 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1447 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1448 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1450 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1451 collation results will be different.
1453 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1454 locales before running make installworld.
1456 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1459 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1460 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1463 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1464 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1465 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1468 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1469 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1470 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1471 and 'make -N' will not.
1474 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1475 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1476 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1477 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1478 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1479 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1480 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1481 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1484 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1485 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1486 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1487 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1490 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1491 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1492 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1495 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1496 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1497 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1498 userland debug files.
1500 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1501 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1502 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1504 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1505 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1508 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1509 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1510 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1511 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1512 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1513 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1516 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1517 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1518 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1521 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1522 them, the kernel must have
1525 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1527 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1528 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1529 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1530 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1532 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1533 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1536 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1537 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1538 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1541 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1542 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1543 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1544 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1546 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1547 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1548 difference with this change.
1550 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1551 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1552 remove that workaround.
1555 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1556 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1557 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1560 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1563 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1564 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1565 loader.rc.local instead.
1568 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1569 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1570 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1573 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1574 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1575 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1577 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1578 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1581 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1582 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1583 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1584 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1585 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1586 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1587 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1588 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1589 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1590 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1591 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1592 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1595 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1596 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1598 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1599 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1600 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1602 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1603 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1605 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1606 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1607 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1609 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1610 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1611 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1612 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1614 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1615 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1616 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1617 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1619 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1620 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1621 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1622 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1623 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1624 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1625 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1626 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1630 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1631 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1634 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1635 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1638 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1639 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1640 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1641 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1642 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1645 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1646 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1647 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1648 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1651 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1652 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1653 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1654 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1655 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1656 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1657 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1659 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1660 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1661 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1662 replace it with '2'.
1663 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1664 a file path, create a new file with:
1665 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1666 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1667 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1668 5. Restart sendmail:
1669 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1671 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1675 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1676 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1677 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1678 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1681 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1684 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1685 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1686 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1689 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1690 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1693 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1694 same but content is different now
1695 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1696 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1697 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1698 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1699 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1702 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1703 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1704 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1707 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1708 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1711 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1712 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1715 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1716 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1717 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1720 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1721 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1722 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1723 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1726 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1727 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1728 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1731 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1732 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1733 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1734 kernel before rebooting.
1737 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1738 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1739 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1740 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1741 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1742 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1745 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1746 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1747 with the new kernel.
1750 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1751 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1752 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1755 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1756 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1757 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1758 are not already using 3.5.0.
1761 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1762 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1763 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1764 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1765 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1768 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1769 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1770 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1771 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1774 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1775 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1778 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1780 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1781 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1782 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1783 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1784 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1785 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1788 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1789 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1792 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1793 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1794 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1795 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1797 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1798 the instructions for 9.x above.
1800 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1801 default, and do not build clang.
1803 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1804 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1805 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1807 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1808 the following are most likely to appear:
1812 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1813 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1814 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1815 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1816 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1817 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1818 cast, or disable the warning.
1820 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1821 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1822 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1823 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1826 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1827 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1829 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1830 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1831 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1832 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1834 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1835 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1836 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1837 unreachable could be optimized away.
1840 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1841 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1842 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1843 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1844 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1845 the utilities will report errors.
1848 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1849 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1850 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1851 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1852 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1856 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1857 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1860 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1861 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1862 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1865 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1866 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1867 indicate what you need to do.
1869 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1870 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1871 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1873 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1874 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1878 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1879 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1883 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1884 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1888 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1892 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1893 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1894 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1895 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1896 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1897 their next update cycle.
1900 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1901 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1902 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1903 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1907 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1908 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1911 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1912 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1913 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1914 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1915 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1919 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1920 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1922 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1925 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1926 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1927 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1928 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1932 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1933 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1937 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1938 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1939 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1940 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1941 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1944 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1945 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1946 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1949 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1950 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1951 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1954 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1955 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1956 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1957 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1958 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1959 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1960 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1961 "make installworld".
1963 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1964 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1965 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1968 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1969 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1970 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1971 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1972 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1975 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1978 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1979 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1983 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1984 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1985 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1986 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1987 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1988 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1989 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1990 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1991 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1992 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1993 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1994 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1996 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1997 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1998 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2002 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2003 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2006 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2007 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2008 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2009 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2010 build hosts for older releases.
2012 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2013 r276991, respectively.
2016 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2017 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2018 will silently lack HESIOD.
2021 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2022 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2023 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2024 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2025 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2026 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2027 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2028 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2029 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2030 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2031 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2032 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2035 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2036 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2037 with command line option -W.
2040 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2041 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2042 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2043 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2044 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2047 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2050 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2051 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2054 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2055 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2056 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2057 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2058 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2061 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2062 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2063 kernel is still highly recommended.
2066 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2067 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2068 capability mode support in kernel.
2071 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2072 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2073 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2074 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2075 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2078 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2079 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2080 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2081 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2082 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2083 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2086 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2087 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2088 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2089 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2090 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2091 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2092 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2093 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2094 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2097 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2098 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2099 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2100 should change your settings to use the latter.
2103 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2104 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2105 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2106 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2107 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2110 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2111 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2112 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2114 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2116 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2119 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2126 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2127 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2128 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2129 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2130 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2131 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2132 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2133 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2135 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2136 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2137 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2138 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2139 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2140 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2141 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2142 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2145 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2146 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2147 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2148 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2151 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2152 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2153 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2154 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2156 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2157 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2158 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2159 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2160 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2161 should write them with this in mind.
2165 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2168 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2169 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2171 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2173 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2174 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2175 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2177 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2181 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2182 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2183 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2185 make kernel-toolchain
2186 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2187 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2189 To test a kernel once
2190 ---------------------
2191 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2192 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2193 debugging information) run
2194 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2195 nextboot -k testkernel
2197 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2198 -----------------------------------------------------------
2199 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2200 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2202 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2204 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2205 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2207 <reboot in single user> [3]
2214 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2215 --------------------------------------------------
2216 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2217 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2218 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2221 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2224 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2225 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2226 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2227 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2228 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2229 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2230 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2231 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2232 <reboot into current>
2233 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2234 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2238 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2239 ----------------------------------------------
2240 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2242 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2243 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2245 <reboot in single user> [3]
2252 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2253 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2254 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2255 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2256 the UPDATING entries.
2258 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2259 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2260 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2261 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2262 much fewer pitfalls.
2264 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2265 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2268 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2272 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2273 cd src # full path to source
2274 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2275 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2276 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2278 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2279 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2280 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2281 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2282 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2283 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2284 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2286 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2287 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2288 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2289 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2290 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2291 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2293 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2294 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2295 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2297 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2298 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2299 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2300 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2301 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2302 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2303 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2304 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2306 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2307 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2308 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2311 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2312 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2313 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2315 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2316 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2317 warn if it is improperly defined.
2320 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2321 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2322 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2323 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2324 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2326 Copyright information:
2328 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2330 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2331 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2332 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2334 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2335 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2336 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2337 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2338 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2339 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2340 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2341 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2342 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2343 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2344 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2346 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of