1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
30 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
31 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
32 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
33 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
36 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
37 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
41 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
42 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
43 together with their new kernel.
46 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
47 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
48 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
50 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
51 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
54 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
58 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
59 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
60 external toolchain package.
63 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
64 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
65 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
66 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
67 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
70 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
71 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
72 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
73 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
76 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
77 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
78 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
82 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
85 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
86 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
87 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
88 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
91 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
92 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
93 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
96 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
97 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
98 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
99 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
100 differences between those included in the port and those included in
101 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
102 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
103 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
106 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
107 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
111 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
112 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
113 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
114 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
115 add superio to the set.
118 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
119 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
122 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
123 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
124 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
125 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
126 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
127 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
128 completely in the future.
131 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
132 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
133 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
134 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
135 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
136 will be removed from the list.
139 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
140 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
141 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
142 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
145 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
146 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
147 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
148 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
151 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
152 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
153 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
154 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
157 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
158 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
159 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
162 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
163 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
164 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
165 your scripts, because they had no effect.
167 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
168 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
169 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
170 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
171 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
174 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
175 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
176 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
177 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
178 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
179 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
180 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
183 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
184 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
185 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
186 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
189 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
190 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
191 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
192 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
195 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
196 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
197 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
200 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
201 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
202 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
203 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
204 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
205 avoid running into the limit.
208 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
209 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
212 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
213 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
214 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
215 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
216 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
217 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
220 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
221 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
224 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
225 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
226 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
227 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
228 availability properties.
230 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
231 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
232 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
233 initial condition, if desired.
235 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
236 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
238 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
239 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
240 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
241 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
244 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
245 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
246 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
247 therefore unblocked).
250 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
251 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
252 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
253 is added to the command line.
254 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
255 not affected and should continue to work.
258 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
259 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
260 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
261 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
264 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
265 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
266 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
270 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
271 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
275 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
276 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
277 migrating to the drm ports.
280 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
281 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
282 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
283 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
284 is loaded automatically.
287 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
288 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
289 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
293 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
294 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
295 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
296 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
299 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
300 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
301 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
302 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
303 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
307 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
308 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
309 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
311 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
312 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
314 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
315 removed from the mips port.
318 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
319 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
320 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
324 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
325 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
328 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
329 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
330 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
331 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
334 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
335 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
336 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
339 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
340 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
341 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
345 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
346 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
347 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
349 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
350 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
351 being included using the command:
355 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
356 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
359 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
360 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
361 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
362 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
363 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
364 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
365 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
366 that as you will get better support.
368 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
369 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
370 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
371 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
373 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
374 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
375 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
376 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
380 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
381 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
382 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
383 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
384 be adjusted as necessary.
387 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
388 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
389 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
390 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
393 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
394 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
395 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
396 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
400 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
401 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
402 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
403 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
407 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
408 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
409 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
410 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
411 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
412 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
415 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
416 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
417 default since FreeBSD-11.
420 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
421 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
422 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
425 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
426 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
427 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
428 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
429 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
430 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
431 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
433 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
434 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
437 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
438 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
439 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
440 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
441 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
442 may not be observed in a future release.
445 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
446 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
450 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
451 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
452 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
453 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
456 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
457 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
458 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
459 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
463 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
464 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
465 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
468 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
469 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
470 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
471 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
472 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
475 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
476 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
477 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
478 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
479 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
480 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
483 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
484 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
485 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
489 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
490 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
491 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
494 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
495 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
496 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
497 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
498 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
499 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
500 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
501 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
502 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
503 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
507 Big endian arm support has been removed.
510 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
511 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
512 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
513 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
514 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
517 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
518 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
519 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
520 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
521 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
522 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
525 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
526 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
529 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
530 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
531 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
532 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
533 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
534 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
535 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
538 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
539 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
540 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
544 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
545 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
546 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
550 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
551 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
554 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
555 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
559 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
560 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
561 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
562 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
565 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
566 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
567 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
571 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
572 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
573 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
577 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
578 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
579 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
580 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
581 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
582 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
585 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
586 workaround is necessary.
589 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
590 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
591 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
592 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
595 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
596 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
597 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
598 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
599 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
602 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
603 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
604 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
605 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
608 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
609 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
610 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
614 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
615 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
619 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
620 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
624 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
625 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
626 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
627 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
628 microseconds and time zone offsets.
630 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
631 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
632 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
633 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
634 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
635 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
636 adjustments, depending on the software used.
638 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
639 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
642 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
645 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
646 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
647 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
649 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
651 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
652 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
653 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
654 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
655 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
656 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
657 thus expected to continue to function as before.
659 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
663 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
664 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
665 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
668 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
669 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
670 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
671 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
672 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
673 should be as simple as:
675 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
676 $ make depend all install
679 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
680 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
681 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
682 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
683 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
684 provisions for backup boot methods.
687 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
688 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
689 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
693 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
694 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
695 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
699 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
700 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
701 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
703 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
704 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
707 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
708 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
709 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
710 remove it from kernel config files.
713 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
714 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
715 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
717 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
718 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
721 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
722 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
723 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
724 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
727 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
728 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
731 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
732 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
733 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
734 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
737 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
738 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
739 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
740 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
741 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
742 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
745 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
746 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
747 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
750 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
751 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
752 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
753 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
754 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
757 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
758 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
759 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
760 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
761 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
765 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
766 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
767 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
768 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
769 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
770 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
771 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
772 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
773 than hardcoding paths.
776 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
777 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
778 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
781 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
782 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
783 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
784 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
787 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
788 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
791 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
792 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
793 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
794 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
797 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
798 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
799 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
800 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
801 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
804 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
805 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
806 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
807 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
811 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
812 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
813 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
814 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
815 soft-float everything else should be affected.
818 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
819 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
822 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
823 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
827 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
828 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
832 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
833 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
834 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
835 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
837 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
838 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
839 sandbox if successful.
841 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
842 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
843 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
844 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
845 an unprivileged user.
848 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
849 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
850 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
851 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
852 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
853 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
854 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
855 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
856 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
857 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
858 to which you should answer yes.
861 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
862 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
863 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
864 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
865 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
868 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
869 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
870 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
873 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
874 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
877 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
878 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
879 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
880 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
881 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
882 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
883 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
886 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
887 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
888 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
889 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
890 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
891 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
894 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
895 if you require the GPL compiler.
898 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
899 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
900 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
903 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
904 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
905 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
909 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
910 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
911 from ports (and recommends to install it).
912 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
913 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
914 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
917 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
918 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
919 which only require one chipset support.
921 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
925 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
926 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
927 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
929 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
930 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
933 * load the chip modules in question
934 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
936 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
937 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
939 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
942 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
943 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
944 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
946 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
947 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
948 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
950 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
951 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
952 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
953 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
954 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
955 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
956 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
957 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
960 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
961 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
962 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
965 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
966 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
967 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
970 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
971 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
972 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
973 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
974 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
975 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
976 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
979 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
980 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
981 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
982 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
985 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
986 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
987 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
990 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
991 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
992 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
995 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
996 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
998 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
999 via one of the following methods:
1000 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1001 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1002 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1003 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1005 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1008 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1009 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1010 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1011 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1015 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1016 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1017 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1018 be prefixed with colon.
1021 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1022 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1023 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1026 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1027 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1028 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1031 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1032 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1033 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1037 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1041 MCA bus support has been removed.
1044 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1045 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1048 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1049 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1052 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1053 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1054 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1058 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1059 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1060 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1063 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1064 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1065 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1068 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1069 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1070 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1073 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1074 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1075 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1076 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1079 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1080 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1082 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1083 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1086 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1087 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1088 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1092 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1093 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1094 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1097 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1098 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1101 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1102 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1103 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1104 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1107 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1108 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1109 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1110 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1111 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1114 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1117 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1118 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1119 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1120 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1123 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1124 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1125 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1129 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1130 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1131 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1132 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1133 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1137 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1138 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1141 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1144 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1145 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1146 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1147 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1148 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1149 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1153 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1154 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1155 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1156 previously contained a line like
1157 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1158 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1159 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1163 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1164 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1165 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1166 built with the old headers.
1169 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1170 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1171 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1172 installing a new libc.
1175 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1176 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1177 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1178 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1179 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1180 packages will be needed.
1182 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1183 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1184 and the install steps.
1187 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1188 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1189 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1190 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1191 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1192 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1195 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1196 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1197 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1198 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1199 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1201 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1202 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1203 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1204 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1205 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1207 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1208 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1209 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1210 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1211 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1212 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1215 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1216 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1217 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1218 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1219 quirks entry to 0x3.
1222 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1223 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1224 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1227 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1228 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1231 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1232 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1233 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1234 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1235 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1236 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1237 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1238 stale .depend files.
1241 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1242 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1243 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1247 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1248 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1249 make -C sys/boot install
1250 <reboot in single user>
1252 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1256 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1257 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1258 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1261 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1262 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1263 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1264 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1265 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1266 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1269 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1270 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1271 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1272 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1273 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1276 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1277 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1278 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1279 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1280 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1283 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1284 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1287 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1288 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1289 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1292 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1293 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1294 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1298 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1299 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1300 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1301 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1302 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1303 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1306 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1307 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1308 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1309 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1313 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1314 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1315 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1318 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1319 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1320 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1322 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1323 collation results will be different.
1325 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1326 locales before running make installworld.
1328 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1331 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1332 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1335 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1336 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1337 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1340 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1341 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1342 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1343 and 'make -N' will not.
1346 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1347 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1348 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1349 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1350 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1351 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1352 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1353 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1356 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1357 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1358 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1359 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1362 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1363 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1364 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1367 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1368 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1369 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1370 userland debug files.
1372 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1373 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1374 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1376 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1377 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1380 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1381 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1382 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1383 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1384 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1385 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1388 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1389 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1390 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1393 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1394 them, the kernel must have
1397 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1399 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1400 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1401 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1402 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1404 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1405 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1408 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1409 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1410 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1413 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1414 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1415 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1416 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1418 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1419 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1420 difference with this change.
1422 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1423 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1424 remove that workaround.
1427 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1428 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1429 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1432 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1435 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1436 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1437 loader.rc.local instead.
1440 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1441 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1442 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1445 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1446 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1447 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1449 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1450 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1453 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1454 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1455 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1456 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1457 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1458 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1459 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1460 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1461 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1462 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1463 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1464 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1467 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1468 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1470 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1471 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1472 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1474 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1475 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1477 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1478 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1479 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1481 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1482 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1483 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1484 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1486 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1487 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1488 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1489 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1491 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1492 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1493 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1494 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1495 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1496 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1497 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1498 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1502 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1503 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1506 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1507 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1510 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1511 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1512 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1513 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1514 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1517 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1518 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1519 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1520 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1523 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1524 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1525 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1526 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1527 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1528 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1529 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1531 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1532 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1533 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1534 replace it with '2'.
1535 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1536 a file path, create a new file with:
1537 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1538 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1539 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1540 5. Restart sendmail:
1541 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1543 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1547 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1548 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1549 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1550 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1553 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1556 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1557 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1558 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1561 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1562 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1565 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1566 same but content is different now
1567 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1568 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1569 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1570 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1571 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1574 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1575 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1576 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1579 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1580 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1583 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1584 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1587 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1588 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1589 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1592 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1593 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1594 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1595 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1598 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1599 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1600 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1603 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1604 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1605 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1606 kernel before rebooting.
1609 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1610 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1611 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1612 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1613 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1614 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1617 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1618 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1619 with the new kernel.
1622 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1623 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1624 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1627 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1628 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1629 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1630 are not already using 3.5.0.
1633 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1634 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1635 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1636 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1637 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1640 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1641 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1642 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1643 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1646 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1647 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1650 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1652 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1653 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1654 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1655 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1656 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1657 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1660 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1661 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1664 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1665 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1666 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1667 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1669 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1670 the instructions for 9.x above.
1672 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1673 default, and do not build clang.
1675 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1676 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1677 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1679 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1680 the following are most likely to appear:
1684 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1685 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1686 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1687 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1688 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1689 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1690 cast, or disable the warning.
1692 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1693 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1694 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1695 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1698 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1699 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1701 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1702 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1703 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1704 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1706 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1707 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1708 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1709 unreachable could be optimized away.
1712 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1713 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1714 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1715 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1716 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1717 the utilities will report errors.
1720 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1721 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1722 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1723 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1724 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1728 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1729 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1732 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1733 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1734 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1737 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1738 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1739 indicate what you need to do.
1741 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1742 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1743 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1745 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1746 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1750 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1751 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1755 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1756 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1760 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1764 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1765 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1766 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1767 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1768 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1769 their next update cycle.
1772 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1773 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1774 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1775 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1779 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1780 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1783 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1784 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1785 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1786 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1787 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1791 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1792 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1794 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1797 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1798 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1799 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
1800 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1804 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1805 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1809 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1810 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
1811 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1812 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1813 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1816 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1817 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1818 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1821 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1822 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1823 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1826 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1827 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
1828 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1829 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
1830 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1831 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1832 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1833 "make installworld".
1835 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1836 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1837 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1840 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1841 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1842 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1843 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1844 be removed during a clean upgrade.
1847 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1850 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1851 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1855 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1856 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1857 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1858 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1859 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1860 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1861 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1862 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1863 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1864 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1865 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1866 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1868 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1869 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1870 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1874 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1875 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1878 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1879 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1880 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1881 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1882 build hosts for older releases.
1884 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1885 r276991, respectively.
1888 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1889 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1890 will silently lack HESIOD.
1893 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1894 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1895 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1896 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1897 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1898 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1899 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1900 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1901 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1902 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1903 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1904 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
1907 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1908 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1909 with command line option -W.
1912 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1913 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1914 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1915 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1916 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1919 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1922 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
1923 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1926 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1927 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1928 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
1929 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1930 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1933 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1934 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
1935 kernel is still highly recommended.
1938 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1939 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
1940 capability mode support in kernel.
1943 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1944 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1945 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1946 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1947 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1950 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1951 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1952 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1953 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1954 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1955 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1958 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1959 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1960 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1961 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1962 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1963 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1964 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1965 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1966 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1969 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1970 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
1971 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1972 should change your settings to use the latter.
1975 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1976 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
1977 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
1978 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
1979 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1982 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1983 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1984 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1986 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1988 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1991 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1998 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1999 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2000 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2001 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2002 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2003 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2004 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2005 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2007 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2008 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2009 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2010 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2011 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2012 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2013 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2014 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2017 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2018 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2019 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2020 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2023 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2024 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2025 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2026 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2028 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2029 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2030 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2031 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2032 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2033 should write them with this in mind.
2037 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2040 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2041 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2043 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2045 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2046 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2047 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2049 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2053 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2054 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2055 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2057 make kernel-toolchain
2058 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2059 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2061 To test a kernel once
2062 ---------------------
2063 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2064 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2065 debugging information) run
2066 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2067 nextboot -k testkernel
2069 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2070 -----------------------------------------------------------
2071 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2072 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2074 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2076 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2077 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2079 <reboot in single user> [3]
2086 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2087 --------------------------------------------------
2088 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2089 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2090 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2093 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2096 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2097 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2098 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2099 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2100 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2101 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2102 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2103 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2104 <reboot into current>
2105 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2106 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2110 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2111 ----------------------------------------------
2112 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2114 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2115 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2117 <reboot in single user> [3]
2124 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2125 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2126 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2127 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2128 the UPDATING entries.
2130 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2131 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2132 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2133 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2134 much fewer pitfalls.
2136 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2137 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2140 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2144 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2145 cd src # full path to source
2146 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2147 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2148 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2150 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2151 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2152 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2153 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2154 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2155 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2156 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2158 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2159 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2160 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2161 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2162 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2163 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2165 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2166 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2167 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2169 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2170 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2171 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2172 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2173 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2174 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2175 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2176 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2178 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2179 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2180 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2183 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2184 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2185 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2187 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2188 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2189 warn if it is improperly defined.
2192 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2193 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2194 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2195 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2196 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2198 Copyright information:
2200 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2202 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2203 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2204 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2206 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2207 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2208 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2209 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2210 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2211 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2212 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2213 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2214 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2215 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2216 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2218 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of