1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
14 NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15 from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16 the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17 older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
19 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 11.x IS SLOW:
20 FreeBSD 11.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
35 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
36 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
37 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
38 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
39 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
40 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
43 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
44 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
48 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
49 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
50 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
53 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
54 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
55 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
56 are not already using 3.5.0.
59 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
60 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
61 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
62 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
63 binutils tools, if necessary.
66 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
67 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
68 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
69 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
72 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
73 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
76 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
78 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
79 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
80 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
81 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
82 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
83 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
86 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
87 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
90 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
91 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
92 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
93 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
95 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
96 the instructions for 9.x above.
98 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
99 default, and do not build clang.
101 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
102 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
103 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
105 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
106 the following are most likely to appear:
110 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
111 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
112 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
113 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
114 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
115 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
116 cast, or disable the warning.
118 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
119 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
120 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
121 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
124 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
125 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
127 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
128 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
129 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
130 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
132 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
133 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
134 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
135 unreachable could be optimized away.
138 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
139 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
140 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
141 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
142 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
143 the utilities will report errors.
146 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
147 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
148 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
149 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
150 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
154 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
155 has been obsolete for a very long time.
158 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
159 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
160 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
163 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
164 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
165 indicate what you need to do.
167 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
168 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
169 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
171 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
172 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
176 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
177 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
181 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
182 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
186 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
190 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
191 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
192 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
193 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
194 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
195 their next update cycle.
198 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
199 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
200 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
201 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
205 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
206 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
209 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
210 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
211 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
212 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
213 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
217 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
218 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
220 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
223 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
224 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
225 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
226 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
230 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
231 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
235 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
236 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
237 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
238 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
239 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
242 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
243 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
244 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
247 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
248 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
249 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
252 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
253 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
254 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
255 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
256 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
257 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
258 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
261 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
262 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
263 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
266 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
267 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
268 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
269 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
270 be removed during a clean upgrade.
273 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
276 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
277 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
281 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
282 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
283 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
284 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
285 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
286 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
287 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
288 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
289 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
290 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
291 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
292 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
294 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
295 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
296 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
300 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
301 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
304 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
305 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
306 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
307 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
308 build hosts for older releases.
310 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
311 r276991, respectively.
314 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
315 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
316 will silently lack HESIOD.
319 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
320 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
321 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
322 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
323 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
324 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
325 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
326 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
327 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
328 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
329 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
330 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
333 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
334 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
335 with command line option -W.
338 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
339 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
340 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
341 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
342 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
345 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
348 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
349 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
352 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
353 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
354 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
355 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
356 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
359 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
360 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
361 kernel is still highly recommended.
364 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
365 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
366 capability mode support in kernel.
369 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
370 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
371 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
372 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
373 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
376 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
377 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
378 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
379 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
380 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
381 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
384 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
385 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
386 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
387 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
388 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
389 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
390 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
391 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
392 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
395 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
396 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
397 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
398 should change your settings to use the latter.
401 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
402 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
403 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
404 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
405 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
408 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
409 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
410 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
412 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
414 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
417 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
418 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
419 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
420 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
421 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some
422 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
424 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
425 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
426 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
427 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the
428 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
429 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
431 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
432 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
436 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need
437 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
438 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
439 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example.
441 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
442 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
443 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
444 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
447 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
448 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
449 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
452 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
453 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with
454 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support
455 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
458 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
459 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
460 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
464 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
465 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
466 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
470 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
471 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
472 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
473 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
474 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
475 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
478 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module
479 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build
480 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
483 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
484 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
485 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
488 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now
489 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
490 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
491 compatability. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
492 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
493 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
496 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
497 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your
498 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
500 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
501 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of
502 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
503 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
504 can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
507 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
508 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional
509 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
510 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
514 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
515 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
516 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
519 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
521 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
522 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
523 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
524 old as well as the new version of find.
527 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
528 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
529 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
530 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
531 subdirectories must be reviewed.
534 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
535 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
536 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
538 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
540 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
541 users are advised to upgrade.
544 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
545 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
548 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
549 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
550 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
553 Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
554 so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
556 NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
557 it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
558 overloading the machine.
561 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
562 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
563 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
564 write access to that file.
567 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy
568 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
571 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
573 make: illegal option -- J
574 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
576 *** [buildworld] Error code 2
578 this likely due to an old instance of make in
579 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
580 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
581 you see the above error:
583 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
588 Use bmake by default.
589 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
590 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
591 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
593 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
594 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
595 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
596 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
597 behavior in parallel build.
600 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
603 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
604 the IDEA patent expired.
607 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
608 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
612 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
613 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
614 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
615 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
616 the install command does not support -l, you will need to
617 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
618 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
622 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
623 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules
624 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
625 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
629 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
630 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
631 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
632 binaries will not work on older kernels.
635 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
636 information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
639 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
640 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
641 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
642 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
645 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
646 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
647 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
648 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
649 in /boot/loader.conf.
652 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
653 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
654 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
655 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system
656 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
659 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please
660 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
662 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
663 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
666 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
667 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
668 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
669 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
670 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
673 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
674 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
675 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
676 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
677 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
681 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
682 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the
683 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
684 and the command line contained at least two files and a target
685 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M
686 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
687 use is expected to be extremely rare.
690 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
691 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
692 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
695 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
696 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
697 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
701 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To
702 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
703 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
708 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
709 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to
710 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
713 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
714 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
715 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
716 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
717 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
718 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
721 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
722 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
723 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
724 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building
725 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
726 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
727 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
731 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
732 functionality now turned on by default.
735 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
736 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
737 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
738 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
739 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
740 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
741 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
742 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
743 of the two kernel options.
746 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
747 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
748 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
749 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
752 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
753 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
757 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
758 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
759 portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
762 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
763 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
764 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
765 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
766 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
769 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
770 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
771 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
772 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
775 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
778 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
779 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
780 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
784 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
785 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
789 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
790 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be
791 recompiled to work with the new kernel.
794 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
795 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
796 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
797 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
798 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
802 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
803 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
806 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
807 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
808 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
809 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
813 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
814 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
815 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
818 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring
819 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are
820 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
823 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
824 with other variables:
825 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
826 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
829 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort
830 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
831 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be
832 installed as "bsdsort".
835 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
836 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
837 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
838 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
839 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
840 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
841 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
842 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
843 on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
846 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
847 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to
848 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
849 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
850 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details
851 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
855 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb
856 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is
857 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party
858 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian
859 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
860 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
861 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
864 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
868 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously
869 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
870 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
871 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
872 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
873 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
876 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
877 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
878 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile
879 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
883 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All
884 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
885 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
886 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
888 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
889 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
892 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
893 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
894 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
896 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
899 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
900 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
901 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
902 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
903 not supported anymore.
905 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
906 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
907 need to be recompiled.
910 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
914 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
915 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
916 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
920 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
921 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
924 sysinstall has been removed
927 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the
928 RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
934 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are
935 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with
936 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there
937 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This
938 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
939 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
940 several months have passed on the -current branch).
942 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
943 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
944 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
945 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
946 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
948 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
949 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
950 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
951 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try
952 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
954 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
955 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
956 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
957 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
961 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
964 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
965 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
967 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
969 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
970 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
971 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
973 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
977 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
978 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
979 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
981 make kernel-toolchain
982 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
983 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
985 To test a kernel once
986 ---------------------
987 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
988 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
989 debugging information) run
990 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
991 nextboot -k testkernel
993 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
994 --------------------------------------------------------------
995 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace
996 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
997 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
999 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1000 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1001 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1006 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1008 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1009 -----------------------------------------------------------
1010 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1011 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1013 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1015 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1017 <reboot in single user> [3]
1024 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1025 --------------------------------------------------
1026 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1027 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1028 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1031 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1034 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1035 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1036 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1037 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1038 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1039 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1040 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1041 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1042 <reboot into current>
1043 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1044 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1048 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1049 ----------------------------------------------
1050 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1052 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1054 <reboot in single user> [3]
1061 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1062 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1063 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1064 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1065 the UPDATING entries.
1067 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1068 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1069 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1070 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1071 much fewer pitfalls.
1073 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1074 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1077 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1082 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1083 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1084 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1086 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1087 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1088 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1089 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1090 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1091 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
1092 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1094 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
1095 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1096 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
1097 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1098 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1099 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1101 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1102 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1103 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1105 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1106 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1107 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1108 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1109 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on
1110 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1112 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1113 last time you updated your kernel config file.
1115 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1116 cvs prune empty directories.
1118 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1119 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1120 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1122 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1123 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1124 warn if it is improperly defined.
1127 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1128 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1129 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1130 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1131 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1133 Copyright information:
1135 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
1137 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1138 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1139 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1141 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1142 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1143 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1144 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1145 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1146 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1147 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1148 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1149 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1150 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1151 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1153 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of