1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
32 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
34 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
35 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
36 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
39 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
40 to reenable sendmail(8):
42 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
44 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
47 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
48 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
49 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
50 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
51 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
52 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
54 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
57 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
58 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
59 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
62 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
63 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
66 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
67 for pkgbase users to do:
69 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
70 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
72 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
76 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
77 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
80 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
81 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
82 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
83 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
87 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
88 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
91 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
92 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
93 the coming days and weeks.
95 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
97 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
98 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
99 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
100 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
101 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
104 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
105 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
106 statement in unbound.conf:
107 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
109 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
111 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
112 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
113 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
114 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
115 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
116 such names when roaming to different homenets.
119 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
120 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
121 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
122 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
123 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
124 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
125 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
126 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
127 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
128 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
129 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
132 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
136 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
137 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
138 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
139 may need to be modified.
142 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
143 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
144 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
147 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
148 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
153 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
154 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
155 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
159 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
160 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
161 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
162 list of modules to load on their systems.
165 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
166 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
167 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
168 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
171 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
172 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
173 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
177 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
178 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
179 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
180 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
181 application-specific configuration option for applications
182 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
185 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
186 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
189 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
190 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
191 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
192 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
195 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
196 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
197 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
200 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
201 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
202 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
205 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
206 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
207 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
208 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
209 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
210 to update your sources past the above hash and do
213 % sudo -E make install
214 to enable building kernels again.
217 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
218 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
219 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
222 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
223 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
226 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
227 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
229 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
232 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
233 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
234 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
235 additions and others.
238 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
239 renamed to "untrusted".
242 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
243 please install the svn package or port.
246 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
247 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
248 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
251 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
254 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
255 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
256 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
257 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
258 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
259 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
260 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
263 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
264 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
265 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
269 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
270 libraries and utilities are packaged.
271 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
272 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
273 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
274 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
278 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
279 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
280 need to be rebuilt from sources.
281 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
282 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
286 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
287 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
288 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
289 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
290 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
291 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
294 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
295 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
296 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
297 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
300 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
301 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
302 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
305 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
306 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
310 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
311 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
312 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
313 since it was bumped so recently.
316 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
317 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
318 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
319 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
322 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
323 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
324 requires a clean build.
327 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
328 instructions can be found at
329 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
330 and other documents in that repo.
333 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
334 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
335 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
336 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
339 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
340 may be installed from ports or packages.
343 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
344 See ping(8) for details.
347 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
348 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
349 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
352 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
353 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
354 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
355 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
356 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
359 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
360 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
361 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
362 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
363 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
367 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
368 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
369 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
370 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
372 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
373 command you want to un-auger the tree is
376 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
377 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
380 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
381 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
382 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
383 unless you want to use new features.
385 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
386 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
387 rebuilding world may fail.
389 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
390 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
392 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
393 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
394 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
395 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
398 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
399 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
400 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
401 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
404 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
405 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
409 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
410 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
413 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
414 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
415 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
416 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
419 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
420 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
421 from sources, so a version bump was done.
424 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
425 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
426 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
427 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
430 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
431 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
432 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
433 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
434 continue to function.
436 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
437 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
438 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
439 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
442 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
443 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
444 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
445 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
446 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
447 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
448 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
451 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
452 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
455 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
456 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
457 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
460 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
461 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
462 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
463 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
465 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
466 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
467 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
468 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
472 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
473 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
474 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
475 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
478 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
479 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
482 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
483 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
484 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
485 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
486 be functional without closefrom(2).
489 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
490 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
491 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
492 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
493 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
494 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
497 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
498 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
499 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
500 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
503 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
504 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
505 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
508 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
511 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
512 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
513 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
516 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
517 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
520 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
521 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
522 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
526 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
527 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
531 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
532 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
533 together with their new kernel.
536 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
537 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
538 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
540 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
541 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
544 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
548 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
549 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
550 external toolchain package.
553 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
554 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
555 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
556 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
557 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
560 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
561 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
562 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
563 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
566 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
567 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
568 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
572 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
575 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
576 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
577 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
578 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
581 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
582 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
583 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
586 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
587 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
588 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
589 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
590 differences between those included in the port and those included in
591 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
592 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
593 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
596 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
597 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
601 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
602 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
603 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
604 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
605 add superio to the set.
608 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
609 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
612 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
613 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
614 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
615 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
616 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
617 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
618 completely in the future.
621 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
622 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
623 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
624 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
625 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
626 will be removed from the list.
629 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
630 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
631 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
632 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
635 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
636 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
637 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
638 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
641 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
642 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
643 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
644 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
647 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
648 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
649 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
652 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
653 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
654 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
655 your scripts, because they had no effect.
657 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
658 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
659 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
660 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
661 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
664 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
665 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
666 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
667 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
668 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
669 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
670 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
673 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
674 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
675 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
676 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
679 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
680 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
681 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
682 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
685 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
686 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
687 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
690 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
691 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
692 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
693 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
694 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
695 avoid running into the limit.
698 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
699 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
702 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
703 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
704 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
705 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
706 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
707 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
710 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
711 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
714 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
715 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
716 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
717 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
718 availability properties.
720 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
721 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
722 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
723 initial condition, if desired.
725 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
726 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
728 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
729 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
730 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
731 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
734 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
735 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
736 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
737 therefore unblocked).
740 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
741 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
742 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
743 is added to the command line.
744 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
745 not affected and should continue to work.
748 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
749 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
750 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
751 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
754 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
755 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
756 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
760 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
761 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
765 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
766 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
767 migrating to the drm ports.
770 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
771 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
772 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
773 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
774 is loaded automatically.
777 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
778 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
779 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
783 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
784 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
785 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
786 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
789 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
790 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
791 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
792 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
793 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
797 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
798 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
799 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
801 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
802 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
804 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
805 removed from the mips port.
808 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
809 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
810 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
814 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
815 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
818 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
819 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
820 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
821 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
824 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
825 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
826 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
829 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
830 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
831 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
835 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
836 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
837 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
839 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
840 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
841 being included using the command:
845 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
846 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
849 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
850 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
851 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
852 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
853 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
854 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
855 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
856 that as you will get better support.
858 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
859 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
860 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
861 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
863 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
864 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
865 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
866 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
870 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
871 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
872 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
873 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
874 be adjusted as necessary.
877 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
878 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
879 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
880 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
883 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
884 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
885 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
886 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
890 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
891 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
892 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
893 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
897 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
898 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
899 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
900 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
901 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
902 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
905 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
906 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
907 default since FreeBSD-11.
910 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
911 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
912 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
915 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
916 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
917 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
918 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
919 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
920 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
921 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
923 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
924 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
927 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
928 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
929 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
930 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
931 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
932 may not be observed in a future release.
935 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
936 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
940 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
941 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
942 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
943 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
946 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
947 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
948 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
949 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
953 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
954 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
955 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
958 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
959 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
960 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
961 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
962 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
965 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
966 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
967 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
968 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
969 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
970 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
973 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
974 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
975 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
979 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
980 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
981 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
984 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
985 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
986 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
987 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
988 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
989 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
990 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
991 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
992 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
993 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
997 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1000 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1001 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1002 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1003 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1004 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1007 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1008 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1009 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1010 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1011 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1012 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1015 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1016 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1019 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1020 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1021 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1022 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1023 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1024 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1025 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1028 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1029 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1030 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1034 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1035 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1036 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1040 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1041 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1044 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1045 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1049 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1050 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1051 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1052 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1055 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1056 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1057 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1061 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1062 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1063 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1067 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1068 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1069 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1070 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1071 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1072 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1075 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1076 workaround is necessary.
1079 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1080 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1081 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1082 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1085 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1086 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1087 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1088 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1089 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1092 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1093 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1094 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1095 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1098 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1099 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1100 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1104 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1105 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1109 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1110 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1114 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1115 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1116 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1117 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1118 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1120 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1121 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1122 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1123 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1124 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1125 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1126 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1128 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1129 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1132 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1135 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1136 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1137 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1139 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1141 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1142 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1143 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1144 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1145 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1146 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1147 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1149 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1153 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1154 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1155 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1158 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1159 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1160 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1161 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1162 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1163 should be as simple as:
1165 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1166 $ make depend all install
1169 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1170 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1171 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1172 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1173 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1174 provisions for backup boot methods.
1177 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1178 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1179 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1183 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1184 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1185 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1189 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1190 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1191 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1193 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1194 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1197 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1198 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1199 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1200 remove it from kernel config files.
1203 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1204 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1205 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1207 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1208 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1211 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1212 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1213 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1214 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1217 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1218 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1221 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1222 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1223 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1224 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1227 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1228 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1229 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1230 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1231 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1232 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1235 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1236 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1237 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1240 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1241 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1242 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1243 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1244 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1247 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1248 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1249 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1250 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1251 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1255 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1256 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1257 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1258 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1259 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1260 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1261 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1262 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1263 than hardcoding paths.
1266 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1267 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1268 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1271 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1272 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1273 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1274 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1277 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1278 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1281 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1282 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1283 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1284 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1287 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1288 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1289 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1290 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1291 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1294 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1295 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1296 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1297 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1301 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1302 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1303 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1304 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1305 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1308 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1309 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1312 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1313 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1317 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1318 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1322 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1323 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1324 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1325 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1327 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1328 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1329 sandbox if successful.
1331 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1332 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1333 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1334 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1335 an unprivileged user.
1338 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1339 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1340 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1341 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1342 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1343 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1344 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1345 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1346 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1347 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1348 to which you should answer yes.
1351 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1352 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1353 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1354 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1355 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1358 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1359 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1360 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1363 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1364 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1367 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1368 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1369 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1370 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1371 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1372 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1373 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1376 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1377 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1378 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1379 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1380 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1381 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1384 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1385 if you require the GPL compiler.
1388 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1389 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1390 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1393 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1394 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1395 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1399 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1400 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1401 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1402 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1403 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1404 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1407 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1408 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1409 which only require one chipset support.
1411 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1415 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1416 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1417 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1419 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1420 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1423 * load the chip modules in question
1424 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1426 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1427 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1429 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1432 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1433 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1434 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1436 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1437 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1438 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1440 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1441 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1442 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1443 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1444 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1445 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1446 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1447 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1450 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1451 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1452 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1455 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1456 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1457 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1460 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1461 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1462 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1463 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1464 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1465 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1466 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1469 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1470 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1471 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1472 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1475 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1476 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1477 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1480 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1481 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1482 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1485 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1486 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1488 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1489 via one of the following methods:
1490 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1491 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1492 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1493 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1495 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1498 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1499 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1500 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1501 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1505 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1506 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1507 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1508 be prefixed with colon.
1511 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1512 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1513 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1516 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1517 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1518 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1521 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1522 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1523 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1527 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1531 MCA bus support has been removed.
1534 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1535 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1538 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1539 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1542 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1543 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1544 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1548 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1549 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1550 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1553 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1554 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1555 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1558 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1559 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1560 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1563 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1564 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1565 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1566 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1569 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1570 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1572 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1573 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1576 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1577 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1578 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1582 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1583 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1584 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1587 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1588 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1591 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1592 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1593 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1594 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1597 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1598 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1599 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1600 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1601 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1604 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1607 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1608 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1609 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1610 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1613 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1614 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1615 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1619 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1620 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1621 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1622 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1623 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1627 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1628 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1631 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1634 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1635 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1636 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1637 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1638 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1639 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1643 CAM now strips the leading spaces from each SCSI disk's serial number.
1644 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1645 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1646 previously contained a line like
1647 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1648 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1649 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1653 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1654 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1655 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1656 built with the old headers.
1659 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1660 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1661 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1662 installing a new libc.
1665 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1666 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1667 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1668 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1669 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1670 packages will be needed.
1672 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1673 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1674 and the install steps.
1677 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1678 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1679 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1680 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1681 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1682 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1685 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1686 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1687 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1688 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1689 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1691 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1692 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1693 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1694 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1695 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1697 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1698 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1699 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1700 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1701 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1702 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1705 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1706 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1707 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1708 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1709 quirks entry to 0x3.
1712 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1713 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1714 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1717 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1718 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1721 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1722 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1723 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1724 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1725 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1726 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1727 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1728 stale .depend files.
1731 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1732 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1733 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1737 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1738 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1739 make -C sys/boot install
1740 <reboot in single user>
1742 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1746 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1747 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1748 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1751 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1752 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1753 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1754 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1755 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1756 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1759 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1760 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1761 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1762 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1763 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1766 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1767 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1768 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1769 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1770 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1773 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1774 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1777 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1778 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1779 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1782 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1783 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1784 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1788 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1789 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1790 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1791 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1792 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1793 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1796 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1797 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1798 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1799 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1803 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1804 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1805 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1808 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1809 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1810 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1812 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1813 collation results will be different.
1815 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1816 locales before running make installworld.
1818 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1821 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1822 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1825 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1826 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1827 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1830 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1831 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1832 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1833 and 'make -N' will not.
1836 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1837 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1838 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1839 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1840 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1841 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1842 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1843 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1846 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1847 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1848 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1849 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1852 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1853 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1854 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1857 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1858 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1859 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1860 userland debug files.
1862 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1863 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1864 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1866 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1867 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1870 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1871 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1872 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1873 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1874 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1875 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1878 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1879 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1880 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1883 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1884 them, the kernel must have
1887 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1889 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1890 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1891 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1892 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1894 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1895 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1898 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1899 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1900 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1903 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1904 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1905 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1906 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1908 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1909 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1910 difference with this change.
1912 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1913 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1914 remove that workaround.
1917 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1918 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1919 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1922 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1925 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1926 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1927 loader.rc.local instead.
1930 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1931 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1932 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1935 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1936 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1937 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1939 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1940 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1943 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1944 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1945 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1946 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1947 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1948 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1949 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1950 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1951 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1952 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1953 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1954 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1957 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1958 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1960 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1961 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1962 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1964 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1965 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1967 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1968 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1969 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1971 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1972 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1973 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1974 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1976 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1977 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1978 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1979 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1981 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1982 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1983 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1984 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1985 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1986 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1987 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1988 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1992 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1993 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1996 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1997 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
2000 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
2001 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
2002 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
2003 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
2004 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
2007 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
2008 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
2009 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
2010 with Kyuafile and kyua.
2013 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
2014 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
2015 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
2016 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
2017 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
2018 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
2019 2048 bit DH parameter by:
2021 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
2022 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
2023 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
2024 replace it with '2'.
2025 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
2026 a file path, create a new file with:
2027 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
2028 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
2029 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
2030 5. Restart sendmail:
2031 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
2033 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
2037 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
2038 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
2039 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
2040 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
2043 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
2046 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
2047 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
2048 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2051 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
2052 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
2055 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
2056 same but content is different now
2057 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
2058 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
2059 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
2060 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
2061 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
2064 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
2065 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
2066 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
2069 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
2070 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
2073 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
2074 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
2077 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
2078 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
2079 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
2082 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
2083 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
2084 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
2085 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
2088 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
2089 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
2090 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2093 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2094 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
2095 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
2096 kernel before rebooting.
2099 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
2100 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
2101 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
2102 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
2103 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
2104 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
2107 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
2108 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
2109 with the new kernel.
2112 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2113 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
2114 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
2117 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
2118 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
2119 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
2120 are not already using 3.5.0.
2123 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
2124 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
2125 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
2126 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
2127 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
2130 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
2131 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
2132 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
2133 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
2136 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
2137 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
2140 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
2142 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
2143 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
2144 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
2145 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
2146 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
2147 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
2150 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
2151 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
2154 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
2155 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
2156 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
2157 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
2159 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
2160 the instructions for 9.x above.
2162 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
2163 default, and do not build clang.
2165 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
2166 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
2167 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
2169 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2170 the following are most likely to appear:
2174 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2175 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2176 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2177 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
2178 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2179 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2180 cast, or disable the warning.
2182 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2183 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2184 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2185 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2188 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2189 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
2191 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2192 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2193 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2194 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2196 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2197 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2198 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2199 unreachable could be optimized away.
2202 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2203 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2204 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2205 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2206 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2207 the utilities will report errors.
2210 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2211 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2212 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2213 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2214 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2218 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2219 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2222 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2223 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2224 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2227 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2228 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2229 indicate what you need to do.
2231 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2232 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2233 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2235 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2236 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2240 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2241 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2245 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2246 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2250 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2254 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2255 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2256 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2257 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2258 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2259 their next update cycle.
2262 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2263 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2264 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2265 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2269 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2270 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2273 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2274 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2275 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2276 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2277 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2281 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2282 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2284 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2287 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2288 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2289 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2290 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2294 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2295 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2299 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2300 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2301 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2302 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2303 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2306 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2307 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2308 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2311 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2312 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2313 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2316 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2317 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2318 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2319 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2320 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2321 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2322 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2323 "make installworld".
2325 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2326 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2327 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2330 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2331 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2332 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2333 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2334 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2337 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2340 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2341 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2345 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2346 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2347 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2348 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2349 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2350 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2351 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2352 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2353 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2354 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2355 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2356 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2358 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2359 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2360 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2364 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2365 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2368 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2369 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2370 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2371 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2372 build hosts for older releases.
2374 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2375 r276991, respectively.
2378 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2379 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2380 will silently lack HESIOD.
2383 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2384 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2385 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2386 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2387 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2388 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2389 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2390 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2391 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2392 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2393 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2394 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2397 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2398 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2399 with command line option -W.
2402 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2403 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2404 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2405 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2406 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2409 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2412 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2413 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2416 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2417 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2418 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2419 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2420 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2423 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2424 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2425 kernel is still highly recommended.
2428 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2429 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2430 capability mode support in kernel.
2433 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2434 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2435 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2436 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2437 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2440 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2441 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2442 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2443 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2444 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2445 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2448 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2449 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2450 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2451 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2452 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2453 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2454 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2455 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2456 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2459 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2460 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2461 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2462 should change your settings to use the latter.
2465 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2466 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2467 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2468 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2469 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2472 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2473 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2474 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2476 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2478 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2481 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2488 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2489 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2490 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2491 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2492 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2493 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2494 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2495 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2497 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2498 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2499 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2500 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2501 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2502 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2503 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2504 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2507 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2508 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2509 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2510 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2513 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2514 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2515 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2516 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2518 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2519 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2520 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2521 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2522 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2523 should write them with this in mind.
2527 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2530 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2531 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2533 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2535 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2536 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2537 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2538 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2541 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2545 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2546 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2547 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2549 make kernel-toolchain
2550 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2551 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2553 To test a kernel once
2554 ---------------------
2555 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2556 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2557 debugging information) run
2558 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2559 nextboot -k testkernel
2561 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2562 -----------------------------------------------------------
2563 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2564 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2566 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2568 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2569 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2571 <reboot in single user> [3]
2578 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2579 --------------------------------------------------
2580 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2581 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2582 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2585 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2588 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2589 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2590 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2591 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2592 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2593 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2594 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2595 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2596 <reboot into current>
2597 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2598 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2602 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2603 ----------------------------------------------
2604 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2606 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2607 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2609 <reboot in single user> [3]
2616 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2617 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2618 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2619 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2620 the UPDATING entries.
2622 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2623 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2624 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2625 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2626 much fewer pitfalls.
2628 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2629 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2630 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2631 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2632 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2633 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2634 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2635 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2637 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2639 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2643 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2644 cd src # full path to source
2645 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2646 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2647 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2649 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2650 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2651 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2652 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2653 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2654 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2656 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2657 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2660 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2661 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2662 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2664 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2665 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2666 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2667 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2668 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2669 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2670 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2671 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2673 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2674 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2675 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2678 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2679 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2680 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2682 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2683 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2684 warn if it is improperly defined.
2687 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2688 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2689 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2690 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2691 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2693 Copyright information:
2695 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2697 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2698 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2699 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2701 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2702 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2703 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2704 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2705 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2706 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2707 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2708 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2709 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2710 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2711 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2713 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of