1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
32 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
33 need to be rebuilt from sources.
34 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
35 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
39 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
40 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
41 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
42 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
43 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
44 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
47 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
48 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
49 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
50 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
53 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
54 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
55 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
58 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
59 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
63 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
64 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
65 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
66 since it was bumped so recently.
69 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
70 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
71 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
72 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
75 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
76 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
77 requires a clean build.
80 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
81 instructions can be found at
82 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
83 and other documents in that repo.
86 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
87 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
88 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
89 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
92 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
93 may be installed from ports or packages.
96 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
97 See ping(8) for details.
100 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
101 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
102 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
105 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
106 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
107 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
108 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
109 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
112 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
113 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
114 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
115 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
116 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
120 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
121 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
122 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
123 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
125 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
126 command you want to un-auger the tree is
129 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
130 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
133 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
134 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
135 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
136 unless you want to use new features.
138 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
139 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
140 rebuilding world may fail.
142 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
143 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
145 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
146 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
147 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
148 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
151 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
152 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
153 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
154 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
157 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
158 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
162 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
163 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
166 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
167 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
168 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
169 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
172 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
173 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
174 from sources, so a version bump was done.
177 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
178 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
179 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
180 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
183 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
184 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
185 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
186 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
187 continue to function.
189 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
190 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
191 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
192 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
195 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
196 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
197 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
198 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
199 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
200 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
201 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
204 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
205 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
208 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
209 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
210 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
213 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
214 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
215 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
216 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
218 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
219 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
220 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
221 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
225 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
226 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
227 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
228 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
231 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
232 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
235 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
236 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
237 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
238 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
239 be functional without closefrom(2).
242 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
243 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
244 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
245 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
246 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
247 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
250 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
251 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
252 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
253 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
256 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
257 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
258 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
261 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
264 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
265 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
266 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
269 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
270 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
273 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
274 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
275 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
279 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
280 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
284 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
285 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
286 together with their new kernel.
289 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
290 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
291 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
293 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
294 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
297 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
301 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
302 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
303 external toolchain package.
306 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
307 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
308 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
309 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
310 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
313 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
314 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
315 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
316 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
319 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
320 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
321 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
325 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
328 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
329 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
330 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
331 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
334 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
335 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
336 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
339 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
340 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
341 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
342 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
343 differences between those included in the port and those included in
344 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
345 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
346 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
349 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
350 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
354 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
355 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
356 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
357 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
358 add superio to the set.
361 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
362 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
365 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
366 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
367 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
368 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
369 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
370 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
371 completely in the future.
374 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
375 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
376 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
377 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
378 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
379 will be removed from the list.
382 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
383 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
384 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
385 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
388 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
389 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
390 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
391 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
394 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
395 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
396 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
397 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
400 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
401 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
402 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
405 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
406 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
407 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
408 your scripts, because they had no effect.
410 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
411 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
412 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
413 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
414 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
417 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
418 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
419 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
420 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
421 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
422 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
423 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
426 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
427 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
428 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
429 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
432 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
433 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
434 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
435 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
438 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
439 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
440 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
443 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
444 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
445 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
446 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
447 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
448 avoid running into the limit.
451 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
452 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
455 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
456 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
457 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
458 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
459 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
460 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
463 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
464 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
467 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
468 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
469 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
470 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
471 availability properties.
473 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
474 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
475 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
476 initial condition, if desired.
478 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
479 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
481 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
482 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
483 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
484 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
487 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
488 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
489 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
490 therefore unblocked).
493 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
494 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
495 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
496 is added to the command line.
497 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
498 not affected and should continue to work.
501 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
502 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
503 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
504 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
507 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
508 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
509 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
513 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
514 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
518 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
519 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
520 migrating to the drm ports.
523 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
524 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
525 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
526 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
527 is loaded automatically.
530 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
531 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
532 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
536 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
537 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
538 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
539 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
542 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
543 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
544 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
545 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
546 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
550 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
551 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
552 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
554 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
555 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
557 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
558 removed from the mips port.
561 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
562 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
563 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
567 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
568 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
571 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
572 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
573 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
574 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
577 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
578 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
579 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
582 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
583 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
584 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
588 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
589 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
590 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
592 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
593 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
594 being included using the command:
598 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
599 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
602 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
603 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
604 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
605 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
606 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
607 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
608 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
609 that as you will get better support.
611 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
612 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
613 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
614 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
616 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
617 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
618 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
619 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
623 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
624 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
625 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
626 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
627 be adjusted as necessary.
630 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
631 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
632 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
633 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
636 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
637 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
638 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
639 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
643 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
644 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
645 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
646 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
650 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
651 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
652 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
653 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
654 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
655 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
658 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
659 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
660 default since FreeBSD-11.
663 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
664 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
665 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
668 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
669 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
670 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
671 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
672 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
673 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
674 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
676 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
677 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
680 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
681 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
682 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
683 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
684 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
685 may not be observed in a future release.
688 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
689 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
693 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
694 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
695 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
696 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
699 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
700 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
701 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
702 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
706 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
707 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
708 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
711 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
712 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
713 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
714 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
715 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
718 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
719 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
720 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
721 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
722 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
723 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
726 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
727 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
728 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
732 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
733 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
734 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
737 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
738 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
739 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
740 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
741 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
742 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
743 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
744 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
745 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
746 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
750 Big endian arm support has been removed.
753 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
754 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
755 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
756 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
757 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
760 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
761 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
762 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
763 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
764 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
765 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
768 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
769 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
772 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
773 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
774 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
775 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
776 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
777 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
778 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
781 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
782 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
783 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
787 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
788 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
789 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
793 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
794 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
797 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
798 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
802 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
803 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
804 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
805 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
808 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
809 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
810 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
814 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
815 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
816 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
820 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
821 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
822 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
823 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
824 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
825 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
828 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
829 workaround is necessary.
832 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
833 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
834 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
835 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
838 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
839 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
840 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
841 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
842 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
845 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
846 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
847 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
848 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
851 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
852 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
853 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
857 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
858 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
862 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
863 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
867 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
868 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
869 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
870 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
871 microseconds and time zone offsets.
873 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
874 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
875 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
876 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
877 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
878 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
879 adjustments, depending on the software used.
881 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
882 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
885 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
888 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
889 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
890 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
892 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
894 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
895 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
896 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
897 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
898 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
899 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
900 thus expected to continue to function as before.
902 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
906 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
907 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
908 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
911 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
912 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
913 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
914 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
915 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
916 should be as simple as:
918 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
919 $ make depend all install
922 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
923 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
924 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
925 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
926 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
927 provisions for backup boot methods.
930 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
931 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
932 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
936 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
937 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
938 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
942 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
943 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
944 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
946 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
947 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
950 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
951 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
952 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
953 remove it from kernel config files.
956 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
957 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
958 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
960 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
961 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
964 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
965 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
966 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
967 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
970 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
971 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
974 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
975 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
976 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
977 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
980 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
981 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
982 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
983 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
984 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
985 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
988 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
989 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
990 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
993 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
994 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
995 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
996 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
997 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1000 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1001 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1002 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1003 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1004 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1008 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1009 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1010 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1011 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1012 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1013 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1014 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1015 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1016 than hardcoding paths.
1019 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1020 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1021 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1024 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1025 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1026 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1027 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1030 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1031 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1034 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1035 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1036 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1037 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1040 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1041 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1042 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1043 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1044 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1047 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1048 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1049 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1050 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1054 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1055 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1056 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1057 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1058 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1061 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1062 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1065 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1066 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1070 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1071 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1075 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1076 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1077 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1078 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1080 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1081 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1082 sandbox if successful.
1084 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1085 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1086 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1087 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1088 an unprivileged user.
1091 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1092 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1093 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1094 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1095 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1096 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1097 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1098 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1099 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1100 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1101 to which you should answer yes.
1104 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1105 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1106 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1107 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1108 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1111 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1112 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1113 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1116 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1117 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1120 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1121 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1122 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1123 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1124 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1125 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1126 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1129 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1130 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1131 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1132 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1133 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1134 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1137 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1138 if you require the GPL compiler.
1141 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1142 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1143 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1146 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1147 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1148 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1152 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1153 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1154 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1155 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1156 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1157 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1160 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1161 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1162 which only require one chipset support.
1164 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1168 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1169 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1170 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1172 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1173 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1176 * load the chip modules in question
1177 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1179 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1180 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1182 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1185 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1186 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1187 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1189 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1190 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1191 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1193 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1194 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1195 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1196 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1197 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1198 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1199 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1200 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1203 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1204 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1205 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1208 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1209 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1210 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1213 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1214 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1215 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1216 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1217 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1218 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1219 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1222 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1223 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1224 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1225 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1228 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1229 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1230 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1233 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1234 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1235 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1238 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1239 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1241 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1242 via one of the following methods:
1243 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1244 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1245 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1246 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1248 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1251 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1252 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1253 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1254 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1258 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1259 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1260 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1261 be prefixed with colon.
1264 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1265 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1266 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1269 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1270 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1271 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1274 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1275 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1276 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1280 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1284 MCA bus support has been removed.
1287 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1288 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1291 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1292 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1295 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1296 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1297 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1301 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1302 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1303 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1306 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1307 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1308 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1311 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1312 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1313 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1316 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1317 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1318 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1319 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1322 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1323 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1325 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1326 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1329 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1330 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1331 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1335 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1336 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1337 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1340 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1341 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1344 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1345 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1346 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1347 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1350 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1351 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1352 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1353 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1354 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1357 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1360 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1361 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1362 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1363 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1366 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1367 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1368 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1372 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1373 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1374 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1375 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1376 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1380 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1381 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1384 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1387 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1388 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1389 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1390 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1391 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1392 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1396 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1397 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1398 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1399 previously contained a line like
1400 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1401 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1402 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1406 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1407 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1408 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1409 built with the old headers.
1412 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1413 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1414 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1415 installing a new libc.
1418 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1419 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1420 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1421 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1422 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1423 packages will be needed.
1425 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1426 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1427 and the install steps.
1430 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1431 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1432 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1433 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1434 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1435 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1438 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1439 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1440 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1441 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1442 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1444 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1445 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1446 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1447 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1448 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1450 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1451 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1452 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1453 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1454 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1455 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1458 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1459 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1460 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1461 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1462 quirks entry to 0x3.
1465 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1466 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1467 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1470 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1471 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1474 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1475 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1476 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1477 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1478 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1479 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1480 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1481 stale .depend files.
1484 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1485 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1486 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1490 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1491 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1492 make -C sys/boot install
1493 <reboot in single user>
1495 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1499 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1500 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1501 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1504 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1505 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1506 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1507 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1508 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1509 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1512 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1513 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1514 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1515 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1516 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1519 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1520 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1521 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1522 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1523 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1526 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1527 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1530 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1531 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1532 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1535 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1536 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1537 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1541 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1542 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1543 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1544 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1545 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1546 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1549 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1550 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1551 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1552 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1556 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1557 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1558 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1561 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1562 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1563 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1565 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1566 collation results will be different.
1568 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1569 locales before running make installworld.
1571 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1574 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1575 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1578 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1579 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1580 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1583 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1584 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1585 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1586 and 'make -N' will not.
1589 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1590 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1591 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1592 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1593 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1594 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1595 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1596 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1599 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1600 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1601 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1602 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1605 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1606 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1607 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1610 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1611 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1612 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1613 userland debug files.
1615 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1616 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1617 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1619 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1620 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1623 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1624 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1625 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1626 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1627 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1628 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1631 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1632 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1633 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1636 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1637 them, the kernel must have
1640 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1642 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1643 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1644 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1645 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1647 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1648 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1651 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1652 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1653 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1656 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1657 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1658 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1659 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1661 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1662 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1663 difference with this change.
1665 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1666 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1667 remove that workaround.
1670 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1671 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1672 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1675 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1678 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1679 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1680 loader.rc.local instead.
1683 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1684 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1685 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1688 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1689 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1690 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1692 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1693 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1696 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1697 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1698 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1699 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1700 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1701 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1702 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1703 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1704 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1705 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1706 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1707 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1710 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1711 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1713 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1714 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1715 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1717 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1718 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1720 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1721 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1722 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1724 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1725 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1726 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1727 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1729 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1730 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1731 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1732 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1734 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1735 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1736 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1737 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1738 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1739 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1740 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1741 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1745 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1746 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1749 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1750 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1753 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1754 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1755 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1756 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1757 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1760 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1761 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1762 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1763 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1766 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1767 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1768 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1769 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1770 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1771 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1772 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1774 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1775 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1776 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1777 replace it with '2'.
1778 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1779 a file path, create a new file with:
1780 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1781 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1782 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1783 5. Restart sendmail:
1784 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1786 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1790 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1791 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1792 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1793 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1796 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1799 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1800 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1801 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1804 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1805 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1808 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1809 same but content is different now
1810 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1811 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1812 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1813 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1814 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1817 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1818 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1819 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1822 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1823 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1826 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1827 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1830 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1831 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1832 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1835 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1836 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1837 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1838 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1841 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1842 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1843 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1846 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1847 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1848 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1849 kernel before rebooting.
1852 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1853 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1854 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1855 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1856 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1857 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1860 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1861 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1862 with the new kernel.
1865 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1866 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1867 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1870 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1871 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1872 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1873 are not already using 3.5.0.
1876 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1877 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1878 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1879 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1880 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1883 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1884 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1885 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1886 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1889 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1890 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1893 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1895 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1896 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1897 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1898 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1899 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1900 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1903 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1904 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1907 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1908 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1909 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1910 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1912 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1913 the instructions for 9.x above.
1915 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1916 default, and do not build clang.
1918 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1919 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1920 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1922 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1923 the following are most likely to appear:
1927 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1928 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1929 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1930 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1931 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1932 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1933 cast, or disable the warning.
1935 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1936 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1937 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1938 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1941 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1942 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1944 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1945 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1946 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1947 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1949 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1950 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1951 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1952 unreachable could be optimized away.
1955 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1956 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1957 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1958 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1959 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1960 the utilities will report errors.
1963 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1964 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1965 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1966 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1967 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1971 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1972 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1975 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1976 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1977 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1980 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1981 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1982 indicate what you need to do.
1984 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1985 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1986 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1988 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1989 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1993 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1994 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1998 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1999 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2003 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2007 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2008 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2009 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2010 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2011 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2012 their next update cycle.
2015 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2016 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2017 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2018 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2022 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2023 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2026 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2027 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2028 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2029 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2030 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2034 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2035 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2037 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2040 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2041 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2042 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2043 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2047 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2048 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2052 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2053 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2054 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2055 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2056 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2059 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2060 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2061 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2064 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2065 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2066 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2069 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2070 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2071 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2072 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2073 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2074 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2075 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2076 "make installworld".
2078 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2079 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2080 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2083 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2084 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2085 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2086 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2087 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2090 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2093 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2094 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2098 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2099 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2100 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2101 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2102 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2103 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2104 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2105 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2106 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2107 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2108 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2109 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2111 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2112 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2113 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2117 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2118 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2121 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2122 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2123 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2124 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2125 build hosts for older releases.
2127 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2128 r276991, respectively.
2131 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2132 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2133 will silently lack HESIOD.
2136 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2137 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2138 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2139 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2140 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2141 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2142 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2143 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2144 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2145 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2146 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2147 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2150 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2151 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2152 with command line option -W.
2155 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2156 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2157 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2158 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2159 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2162 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2165 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2166 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2169 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2170 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2171 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2172 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2173 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2176 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2177 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2178 kernel is still highly recommended.
2181 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2182 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2183 capability mode support in kernel.
2186 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2187 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2188 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2189 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2190 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2193 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2194 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2195 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2196 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2197 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2198 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2201 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2202 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2203 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2204 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2205 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2206 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2207 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2208 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2209 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2212 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2213 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2214 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2215 should change your settings to use the latter.
2218 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2219 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2220 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2221 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2222 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2225 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2226 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2227 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2229 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2231 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2234 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2241 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2242 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2243 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2244 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2245 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2246 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2247 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2248 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2250 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2251 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2252 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2253 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2254 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2255 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2256 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2257 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2260 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2261 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2262 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2263 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2266 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2267 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2268 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2269 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2271 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2272 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2273 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2274 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2275 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2276 should write them with this in mind.
2280 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2283 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2284 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2286 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2288 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2289 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2290 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2291 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2294 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2298 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2299 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2300 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2302 make kernel-toolchain
2303 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2304 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2306 To test a kernel once
2307 ---------------------
2308 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2309 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2310 debugging information) run
2311 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2312 nextboot -k testkernel
2314 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2315 -----------------------------------------------------------
2316 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2317 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2319 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2321 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2322 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2324 <reboot in single user> [3]
2331 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2332 --------------------------------------------------
2333 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2334 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2335 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2338 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2341 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2342 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2343 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2344 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2345 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2346 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2347 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2348 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2349 <reboot into current>
2350 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2351 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2355 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2356 ----------------------------------------------
2357 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2359 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2360 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2362 <reboot in single user> [3]
2369 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2370 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2371 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2372 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2373 the UPDATING entries.
2375 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2376 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2377 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2378 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2379 much fewer pitfalls.
2381 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2382 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2383 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2384 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2385 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2386 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2387 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2388 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2390 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2392 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2396 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2397 cd src # full path to source
2398 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2399 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2400 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2402 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2403 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2404 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2405 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2406 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2407 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2408 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2410 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2411 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2412 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2413 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2414 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2415 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2417 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2418 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2419 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2421 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2422 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2423 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2424 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2425 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2426 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2427 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2428 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2430 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2431 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2432 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2435 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2436 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2437 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2439 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2440 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2441 warn if it is improperly defined.
2444 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2445 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2446 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2447 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2448 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2450 Copyright information:
2452 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2454 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2455 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2456 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2458 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2459 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2460 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2461 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2462 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2463 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2464 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2465 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2466 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2467 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2468 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2470 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of