1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 Commit 6e8e261f0d4e changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
17 modules. As such, all the modules must be rebuilt from sources.
18 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1300522.
21 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300521 after merging LinuxKPI and
22 net80211 changes in order to support building various wireless
23 drivers. This is to help other external consumers of LinuxKPI
24 and net80211 to deal accordingly.
27 Commit a599f9f7620b deleted the variable called nfs_maxcopyrange
28 from nfscommon.ko, since it no longer needs to be global. As such,
29 the other nfs modules must be rebuilt from up to date sources.
30 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300516 for this.
33 As of commit 622809b0868f OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
34 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
35 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
36 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
37 application-specific configuration option for applications
38 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
41 Commits 9fb6e613373c and 9ec7dbf46b0a both changed the internal
42 KAPI between the NFS modules. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300514.
43 All NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources.
46 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
47 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
48 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
49 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
52 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300512 after merging LinuxKPI, OFED,
53 net80211, and driver changes in order to support building
54 Intel wireless iwlwifi drivers. This is especially needed for
55 drm-kmod which needs updates after this.
58 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
59 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
60 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
61 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
62 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
63 to update your sources past the above hash and do
66 % sudo -E make install
67 to enable building kernels again.
70 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
71 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
72 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
73 the "minorversion" mount option.
74 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
75 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
79 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
80 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
83 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
84 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
85 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
86 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
87 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
88 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
92 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
93 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
95 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
98 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
99 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
100 rebuilt from sources.
103 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
104 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
105 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
106 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
107 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
108 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
111 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
112 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
116 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
119 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
120 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
121 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
122 since it was bumped so recently.
125 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
126 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
127 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
128 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
131 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
132 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
133 requires a clean build.
136 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
137 instructions can be found at
138 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
139 and other documents in that repo.
142 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
143 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
144 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
145 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
148 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
149 may be installed from ports or packages.
152 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
153 See ping(8) for details.
156 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
157 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
158 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
160 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
161 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
162 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
163 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
164 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
167 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
168 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
169 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
170 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
171 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
175 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
176 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
177 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
178 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
180 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
181 command you want to un-auger the tree is
184 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
185 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
188 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
189 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
190 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
191 unless you want to use new features.
193 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
194 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
195 rebuilding world may fail.
197 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
198 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
200 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
201 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
202 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
203 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
206 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
207 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
208 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
209 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
212 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
213 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
217 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
218 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
221 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
222 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
223 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
224 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
227 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
228 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
229 from sources, so a version bump was done.
232 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
233 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
234 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
235 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
238 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
239 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
240 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
241 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
242 continue to function.
244 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
245 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
246 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
247 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
250 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
251 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
252 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
253 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
254 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
255 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
256 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
259 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
260 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
263 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
264 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
265 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
268 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
269 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
270 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
271 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
273 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
274 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
275 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
276 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
280 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
281 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
282 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
283 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
286 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
287 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
290 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
291 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
292 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
293 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
294 be functional without closefrom(2).
297 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
298 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
299 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
300 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
301 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
302 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
305 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
306 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
307 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
308 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
311 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
312 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
313 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
316 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
319 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
320 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
321 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
324 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
325 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
328 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
329 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
330 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
334 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
335 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
339 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
340 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
341 together with their new kernel.
344 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
345 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
346 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
348 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
349 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
352 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
356 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
357 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
358 external toolchain package.
361 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
362 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
363 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
364 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
365 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
368 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
369 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
370 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
371 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
374 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
375 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
376 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
380 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
383 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
384 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
385 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
386 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
389 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
390 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
391 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
394 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
395 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
396 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
397 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
398 differences between those included in the port and those included in
399 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
400 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
401 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
404 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
405 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
409 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
410 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
411 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
412 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
413 add superio to the set.
416 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
417 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
420 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
421 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
422 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
423 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
424 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
425 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
426 completely in the future.
429 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
430 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
431 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
432 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
433 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
434 will be removed from the list.
437 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
438 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
439 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
440 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
443 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
444 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
445 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
446 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
449 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
450 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
451 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
452 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
455 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
456 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
457 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
460 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
461 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
462 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
463 your scripts, because they had no effect.
465 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
466 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
467 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
468 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
469 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
472 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
473 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
474 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
475 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
476 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
477 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
478 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
481 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
482 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
483 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
484 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
487 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
488 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
489 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
490 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
493 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
494 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
495 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
498 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
499 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
500 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
501 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
502 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
503 avoid running into the limit.
506 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
507 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
510 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
511 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
512 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
513 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
514 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
515 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
518 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
519 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
522 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
523 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
524 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
525 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
526 availability properties.
528 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
529 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
530 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
531 initial condition, if desired.
533 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
534 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
536 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
537 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
538 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
539 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
542 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
543 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
544 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
545 therefore unblocked).
548 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
549 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
550 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
551 is added to the command line.
552 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
553 not affected and should continue to work.
556 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
557 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
558 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
559 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
562 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
563 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
564 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
568 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
569 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
573 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
574 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
575 migrating to the drm ports.
578 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
579 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
580 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
581 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
582 is loaded automatically.
585 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
586 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
587 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
591 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
592 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
593 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
594 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
597 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
598 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
599 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
600 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
601 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
605 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
606 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
607 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
609 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
610 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
612 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
613 removed from the mips port.
616 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
617 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
618 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
622 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
623 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
626 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
627 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
628 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
629 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
632 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
633 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
634 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
637 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
638 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
639 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
643 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
644 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
645 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
647 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
648 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
649 being included using the command:
653 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
654 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
657 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
658 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
659 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
660 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
661 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
662 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
663 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
664 that as you will get better support.
666 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
667 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
668 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
669 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
671 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
672 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
673 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
674 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
678 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
679 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
680 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
681 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
682 be adjusted as necessary.
685 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
686 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
687 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
688 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
691 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
692 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
693 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
694 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
698 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
699 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
700 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
701 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
705 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
706 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
707 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
708 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
709 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
710 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
713 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
714 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
715 default since FreeBSD-11.
718 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
719 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
720 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
723 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
724 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
725 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
726 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
727 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
728 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
729 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
731 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
732 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
735 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
736 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
737 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
738 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
739 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
740 may not be observed in a future release.
743 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
744 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
748 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
749 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
750 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
751 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
754 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
755 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
756 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
757 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
761 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
762 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
763 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
766 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
767 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
768 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
769 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
770 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
773 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
774 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
775 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
776 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
777 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
778 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
781 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
782 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
783 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
787 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
788 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
789 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
792 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
793 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
794 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
795 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
796 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
797 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
798 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
799 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
800 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
801 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
805 Big endian arm support has been removed.
808 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
809 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
810 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
811 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
812 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
815 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
816 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
817 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
818 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
819 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
820 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
823 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
824 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
827 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
828 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
829 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
830 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
831 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
832 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
833 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
836 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
837 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
838 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
842 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
843 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
844 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
848 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
849 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
852 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
853 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
857 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
858 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
859 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
860 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
863 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
864 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
865 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
869 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
870 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
871 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
875 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
876 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
877 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
878 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
879 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
880 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
883 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
884 workaround is necessary.
887 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
888 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
889 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
890 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
893 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
894 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
895 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
896 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
897 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
900 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
901 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
902 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
903 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
906 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
907 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
908 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
912 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
913 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
917 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
918 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
922 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
923 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
924 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
925 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
926 microseconds and time zone offsets.
928 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
929 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
930 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
931 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
932 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
933 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
934 adjustments, depending on the software used.
936 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
937 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
940 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
943 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
944 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
945 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
947 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
949 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
950 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
951 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
952 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
953 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
954 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
955 thus expected to continue to function as before.
957 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
961 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
962 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
963 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
966 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
967 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
968 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
969 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
970 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
971 should be as simple as:
973 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
974 $ make depend all install
977 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
978 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
979 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
980 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
981 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
982 provisions for backup boot methods.
985 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
986 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
987 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
991 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
992 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
993 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
997 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
998 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
999 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1001 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1002 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1005 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1006 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1007 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1008 remove it from kernel config files.
1011 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1012 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1013 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1015 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1016 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1019 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1020 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1021 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1022 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1025 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1026 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1029 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1030 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1031 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1032 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1035 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1036 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1037 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1038 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1039 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1040 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1043 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1044 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1045 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1048 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1049 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1050 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1051 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1052 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1055 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1056 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1057 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1058 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1059 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1063 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1064 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1065 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1066 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1067 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1068 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1069 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1070 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1071 than hardcoding paths.
1074 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1075 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1076 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1079 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1080 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1081 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1082 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1085 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1086 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1089 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1090 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1091 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1092 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1095 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1096 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1097 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1098 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1099 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1102 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1103 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1104 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1105 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1109 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1110 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1111 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1112 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1113 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1116 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1117 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1120 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1121 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1125 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1126 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1130 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1131 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1132 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1133 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1135 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1136 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1137 sandbox if successful.
1139 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1140 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1141 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1142 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1143 an unprivileged user.
1146 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1147 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1148 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1149 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1150 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1151 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1152 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1153 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1154 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1155 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1156 to which you should answer yes.
1159 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1160 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1161 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1162 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1163 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1166 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1167 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1168 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1171 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1172 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1175 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1176 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1177 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1178 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1179 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1180 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1181 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1184 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1185 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1186 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1187 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1188 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1189 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1192 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1193 if you require the GPL compiler.
1196 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1197 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1198 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1201 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1202 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1203 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1207 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1208 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1209 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1210 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1211 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1212 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1215 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1216 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1217 which only require one chipset support.
1219 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1223 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1224 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1225 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1227 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1228 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1231 * load the chip modules in question
1232 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1234 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1235 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1237 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1240 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1241 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1242 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1244 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1245 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1246 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1248 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1249 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1250 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1251 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1252 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1253 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1254 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1255 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1258 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1259 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1260 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1263 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1264 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1265 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1268 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1269 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1270 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1271 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1272 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1273 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1274 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1277 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1278 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1279 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1280 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1283 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1284 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1285 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1288 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1289 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1290 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1293 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1294 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1296 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1297 via one of the following methods:
1298 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1299 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1300 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1301 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1303 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1306 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1307 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1308 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1309 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1313 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1314 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1315 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1316 be prefixed with colon.
1319 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1320 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1321 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1324 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1325 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1326 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1329 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1330 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1331 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1335 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1339 MCA bus support has been removed.
1342 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1343 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1346 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1347 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1350 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1351 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1352 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1356 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1357 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1358 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1361 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1362 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1363 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1366 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1367 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1368 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1371 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1372 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1373 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1374 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1377 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1378 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1380 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1381 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1384 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1385 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1386 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1390 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1391 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1392 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1395 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1396 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1399 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1400 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1401 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1402 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1405 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1406 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1407 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1408 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1409 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1412 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1415 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1416 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1417 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1418 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1421 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1422 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1423 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1427 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1428 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1429 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1430 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1431 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1435 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1436 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1439 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1442 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1443 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1444 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1445 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1446 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1447 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1451 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1452 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1453 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1454 previously contained a line like
1455 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1456 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1457 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1461 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1462 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1463 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1464 built with the old headers.
1467 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1468 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1469 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1470 installing a new libc.
1473 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1474 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1475 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1476 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1477 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1478 packages will be needed.
1480 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1481 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1482 and the install steps.
1485 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1486 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1487 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1488 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1489 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1490 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1493 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1494 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1495 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1496 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1497 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1499 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1500 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1501 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1502 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1503 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1505 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1506 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1507 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1508 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1509 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1510 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1513 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1514 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1515 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1516 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1517 quirks entry to 0x3.
1520 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1521 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1522 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1525 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1526 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1529 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1530 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1531 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1532 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1533 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1534 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1535 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1536 stale .depend files.
1539 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1540 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1541 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1545 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1546 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1547 make -C sys/boot install
1548 <reboot in single user>
1550 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1554 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1555 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1556 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1559 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1560 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1561 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1562 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1563 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1564 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1567 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1568 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1569 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1570 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1571 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1574 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1575 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1576 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1577 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1578 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1581 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1582 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1585 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1586 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1587 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1590 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1591 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1592 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1596 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1597 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1598 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1599 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1600 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1601 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1604 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1605 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1606 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1607 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1611 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1612 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1613 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1616 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1617 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1618 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1620 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1621 collation results will be different.
1623 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1624 locales before running make installworld.
1626 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1629 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1630 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1633 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1634 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1635 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1638 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1639 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1640 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1641 and 'make -N' will not.
1644 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1645 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1646 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1647 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1648 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1649 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1650 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1651 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1654 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1655 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1656 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1657 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1660 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1661 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1662 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1665 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1666 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1667 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1668 userland debug files.
1670 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1671 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1672 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1674 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1675 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1678 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1679 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1680 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1681 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1682 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1683 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1686 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1687 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1688 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1691 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1692 them, the kernel must have
1695 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1697 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1698 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1699 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1700 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1702 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1703 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1706 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1707 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1708 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1711 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1712 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1713 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1714 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1716 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1717 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1718 difference with this change.
1720 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1721 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1722 remove that workaround.
1725 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1726 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1727 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1730 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1733 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1734 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1735 loader.rc.local instead.
1738 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1739 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1740 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1743 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1744 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1745 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1747 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1748 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1751 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1752 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1753 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1754 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1755 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1756 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1757 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1758 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1759 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1760 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1761 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1762 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1765 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1766 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1768 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1769 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1770 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1772 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1773 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1775 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1776 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1777 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1779 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1780 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1781 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1782 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1784 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1785 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1786 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1787 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1789 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1790 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1791 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1792 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1793 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1794 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1795 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1796 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1800 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1801 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1804 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1805 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1808 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1809 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1810 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1811 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1812 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1815 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1816 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1817 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1818 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1821 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1822 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1823 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1824 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1825 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1826 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1827 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1829 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1830 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1831 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1832 replace it with '2'.
1833 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1834 a file path, create a new file with:
1835 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1836 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1837 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1838 5. Restart sendmail:
1839 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1841 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1845 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1846 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1847 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1848 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1851 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1854 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1855 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1856 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1859 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1860 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1863 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1864 same but content is different now
1865 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1866 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1867 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1868 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1869 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1872 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1873 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1874 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1877 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1878 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1881 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1882 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1885 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1886 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1887 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1890 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1891 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1892 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1893 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1896 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1897 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1898 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1901 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1902 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1903 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1904 kernel before rebooting.
1907 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1908 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1909 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1910 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1911 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1912 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1915 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1916 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1917 with the new kernel.
1920 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1921 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1922 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1925 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1926 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1927 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1928 are not already using 3.5.0.
1931 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1932 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1933 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1934 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1935 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1938 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1939 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1940 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1941 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1944 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1945 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1948 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1950 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1951 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1952 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1953 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1954 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1955 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1958 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1959 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1962 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1963 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1964 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1965 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1967 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1968 the instructions for 9.x above.
1970 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1971 default, and do not build clang.
1973 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1974 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1975 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1977 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1978 the following are most likely to appear:
1982 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1983 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1984 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1985 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1986 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1987 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1988 cast, or disable the warning.
1990 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1991 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1992 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1993 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1996 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1997 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1999 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2000 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2001 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2002 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2004 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2005 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2006 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2007 unreachable could be optimized away.
2010 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2011 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2012 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2013 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2014 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2015 the utilities will report errors.
2018 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2019 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2020 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2021 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2022 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2026 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2027 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2030 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2031 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2032 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2035 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2036 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2037 indicate what you need to do.
2039 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2040 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2041 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2043 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2044 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2048 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2049 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2053 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2054 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2058 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2062 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2063 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2064 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2065 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2066 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2067 their next update cycle.
2070 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2071 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2072 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2073 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2077 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2078 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2081 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2082 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2083 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2084 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2085 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2089 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2090 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2092 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2095 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2096 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2097 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2098 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2102 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2103 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2107 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2108 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2109 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2110 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2111 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2114 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2115 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2116 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2119 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2120 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2121 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2124 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2125 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2126 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2127 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2128 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2129 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2130 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2131 "make installworld".
2133 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2134 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2135 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2138 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2139 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2140 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2141 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2142 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2145 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2148 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2149 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2153 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2154 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2155 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2156 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2157 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2158 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2159 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2160 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2161 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2162 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2163 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2164 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2166 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2167 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2168 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2172 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2173 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2176 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2177 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2178 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2179 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2180 build hosts for older releases.
2182 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2183 r276991, respectively.
2186 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2187 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2188 will silently lack HESIOD.
2191 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2192 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2193 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2194 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2195 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2196 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2197 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2198 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2199 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2200 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2201 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2202 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2205 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2206 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2207 with command line option -W.
2210 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2211 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2212 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2213 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2214 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2217 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2220 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2221 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2224 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2225 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2226 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2227 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2228 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2231 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2232 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2233 kernel is still highly recommended.
2236 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2237 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2238 capability mode support in kernel.
2241 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2242 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2243 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2244 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2245 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2248 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2249 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2250 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2251 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2252 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2253 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2256 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2257 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2258 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2259 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2260 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2261 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2262 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2263 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2264 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2267 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2268 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2269 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2270 should change your settings to use the latter.
2273 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2274 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2275 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2276 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2277 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2280 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2281 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2282 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2284 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2286 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2289 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2296 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2297 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2298 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2299 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2300 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2301 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2302 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2303 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2305 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2306 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2307 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2308 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2309 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2310 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2311 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2312 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2315 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2316 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2317 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2318 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2321 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2322 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2323 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2324 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2326 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2327 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2328 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2329 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2330 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2331 should write them with this in mind.
2335 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2338 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2339 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2341 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2343 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2344 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2345 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2346 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2349 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2353 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2354 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2355 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2357 make kernel-toolchain
2358 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2359 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2361 To test a kernel once
2362 ---------------------
2363 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2364 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2365 debugging information) run
2366 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2367 nextboot -k testkernel
2369 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2370 -----------------------------------------------------------
2371 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2372 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2374 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2376 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2377 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2379 <reboot in single user> [3]
2386 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2387 --------------------------------------------------
2388 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2389 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2390 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2393 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2396 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2397 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2398 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2399 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2400 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2401 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2402 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2403 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2404 <reboot into current>
2405 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2406 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2410 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2411 ----------------------------------------------
2412 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2414 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2415 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2417 <reboot in single user> [3]
2424 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2425 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2426 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2427 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2428 the UPDATING entries.
2430 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2431 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2432 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2433 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2434 much fewer pitfalls.
2436 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2437 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2438 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2439 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2440 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2441 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2442 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2443 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2445 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2447 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2451 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2452 cd src # full path to source
2453 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2454 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2455 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2457 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2458 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2459 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2460 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2461 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2462 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2463 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2465 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2466 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2467 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2468 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2469 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2470 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2472 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2473 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2474 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2476 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2477 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2478 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2479 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2480 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2481 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2482 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2483 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2485 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2486 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2487 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2490 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2491 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2492 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2494 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2495 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2496 warn if it is improperly defined.
2499 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2500 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2501 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2502 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2503 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2505 Copyright information:
2507 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2509 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2510 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2511 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2513 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2514 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2515 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2516 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2517 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2518 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2519 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2520 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2521 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2522 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2523 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2525 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of