1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 Commit a599f9f7620b deleted the variable called nfs_maxcopyrange
17 from nfscommon.ko, since it no longer needs to be global. As such,
18 the other nfs modules must be rebuilt from up to date sources.
19 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300516 for this.
22 As of commit 622809b0868f OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
23 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
24 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
25 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
26 application-specific configuration option for applications
27 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
30 Commits 9fb6e613373c and 9ec7dbf46b0a both changed the internal
31 KAPI between the NFS modules. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300514.
32 All NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources.
35 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
36 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
37 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
38 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
41 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300512 after merging LinuxKPI, OFED,
42 net80211, and driver changes in order to support building
43 Intel wireless iwlwifi drivers. This is especially needed for
44 drm-kmod which needs updates after this.
47 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
48 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
49 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
50 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
51 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
52 to update your sources past the above hash and do
55 % sudo -E make install
56 to enable building kernels again.
59 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
60 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
61 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
62 the "minorversion" mount option.
63 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
64 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
68 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
69 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
72 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
73 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
74 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
75 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
76 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
77 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
81 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
82 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
84 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
87 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
88 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
92 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
93 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
94 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
95 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
96 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
97 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
100 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
101 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
105 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
108 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
109 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
110 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
111 since it was bumped so recently.
114 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
115 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
116 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
117 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
120 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
121 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
122 requires a clean build.
125 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
126 instructions can be found at
127 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
128 and other documents in that repo.
131 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
132 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
133 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
134 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
137 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
138 may be installed from ports or packages.
141 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
142 See ping(8) for details.
145 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
146 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
147 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
149 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
150 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
151 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
152 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
153 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
156 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
157 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
158 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
159 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
160 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
164 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
165 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
166 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
167 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
169 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
170 command you want to un-auger the tree is
173 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
174 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
177 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
178 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
179 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
180 unless you want to use new features.
182 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
183 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
184 rebuilding world may fail.
186 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
187 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
189 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
190 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
191 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
192 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
195 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
196 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
197 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
198 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
201 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
202 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
206 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
207 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
210 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
211 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
212 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
213 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
216 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
217 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
218 from sources, so a version bump was done.
221 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
222 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
223 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
224 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
227 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
228 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
229 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
230 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
231 continue to function.
233 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
234 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
235 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
236 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
239 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
240 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
241 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
242 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
243 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
244 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
245 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
248 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
249 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
252 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
253 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
254 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
257 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
258 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
259 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
260 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
262 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
263 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
264 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
265 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
269 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
270 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
271 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
272 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
275 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
276 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
279 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
280 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
281 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
282 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
283 be functional without closefrom(2).
286 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
287 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
288 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
289 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
290 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
291 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
294 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
295 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
296 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
297 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
300 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
301 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
302 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
305 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
308 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
309 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
310 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
313 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
314 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
317 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
318 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
319 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
323 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
324 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
328 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
329 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
330 together with their new kernel.
333 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
334 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
335 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
337 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
338 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
341 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
345 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
346 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
347 external toolchain package.
350 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
351 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
352 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
353 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
354 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
357 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
358 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
359 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
360 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
363 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
364 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
365 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
369 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
372 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
373 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
374 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
375 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
378 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
379 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
380 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
383 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
384 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
385 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
386 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
387 differences between those included in the port and those included in
388 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
389 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
390 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
393 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
394 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
398 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
399 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
400 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
401 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
402 add superio to the set.
405 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
406 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
409 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
410 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
411 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
412 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
413 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
414 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
415 completely in the future.
418 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
419 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
420 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
421 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
422 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
423 will be removed from the list.
426 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
427 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
428 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
429 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
432 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
433 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
434 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
435 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
438 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
439 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
440 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
441 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
444 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
445 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
446 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
449 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
450 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
451 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
452 your scripts, because they had no effect.
454 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
455 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
456 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
457 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
458 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
461 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
462 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
463 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
464 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
465 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
466 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
467 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
470 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
471 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
472 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
473 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
476 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
477 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
478 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
479 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
482 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
483 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
484 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
487 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
488 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
489 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
490 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
491 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
492 avoid running into the limit.
495 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
496 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
499 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
500 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
501 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
502 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
503 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
504 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
507 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
508 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
511 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
512 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
513 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
514 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
515 availability properties.
517 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
518 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
519 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
520 initial condition, if desired.
522 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
523 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
525 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
526 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
527 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
528 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
531 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
532 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
533 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
534 therefore unblocked).
537 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
538 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
539 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
540 is added to the command line.
541 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
542 not affected and should continue to work.
545 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
546 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
547 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
548 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
551 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
552 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
553 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
557 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
558 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
562 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
563 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
564 migrating to the drm ports.
567 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
568 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
569 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
570 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
571 is loaded automatically.
574 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
575 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
576 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
580 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
581 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
582 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
583 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
586 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
587 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
588 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
589 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
590 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
594 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
595 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
596 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
598 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
599 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
601 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
602 removed from the mips port.
605 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
606 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
607 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
611 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
612 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
615 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
616 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
617 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
618 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
621 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
622 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
623 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
626 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
627 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
628 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
632 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
633 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
634 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
636 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
637 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
638 being included using the command:
642 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
643 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
646 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
647 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
648 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
649 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
650 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
651 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
652 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
653 that as you will get better support.
655 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
656 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
657 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
658 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
660 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
661 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
662 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
663 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
667 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
668 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
669 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
670 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
671 be adjusted as necessary.
674 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
675 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
676 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
677 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
680 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
681 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
682 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
683 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
687 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
688 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
689 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
690 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
694 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
695 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
696 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
697 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
698 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
699 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
702 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
703 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
704 default since FreeBSD-11.
707 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
708 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
709 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
712 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
713 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
714 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
715 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
716 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
717 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
718 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
720 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
721 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
724 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
725 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
726 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
727 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
728 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
729 may not be observed in a future release.
732 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
733 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
737 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
738 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
739 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
740 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
743 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
744 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
745 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
746 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
750 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
751 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
752 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
755 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
756 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
757 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
758 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
759 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
762 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
763 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
764 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
765 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
766 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
767 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
770 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
771 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
772 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
776 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
777 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
778 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
781 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
782 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
783 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
784 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
785 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
786 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
787 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
788 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
789 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
790 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
794 Big endian arm support has been removed.
797 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
798 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
799 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
800 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
801 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
804 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
805 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
806 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
807 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
808 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
809 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
812 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
813 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
816 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
817 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
818 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
819 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
820 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
821 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
822 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
825 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
826 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
827 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
831 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
832 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
833 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
837 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
838 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
841 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
842 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
846 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
847 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
848 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
849 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
852 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
853 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
854 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
858 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
859 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
860 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
864 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
865 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
866 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
867 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
868 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
869 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
872 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
873 workaround is necessary.
876 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
877 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
878 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
879 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
882 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
883 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
884 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
885 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
886 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
889 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
890 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
891 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
892 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
895 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
896 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
897 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
901 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
902 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
906 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
907 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
911 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
912 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
913 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
914 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
915 microseconds and time zone offsets.
917 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
918 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
919 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
920 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
921 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
922 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
923 adjustments, depending on the software used.
925 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
926 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
929 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
932 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
933 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
934 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
936 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
938 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
939 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
940 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
941 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
942 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
943 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
944 thus expected to continue to function as before.
946 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
950 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
951 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
952 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
955 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
956 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
957 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
958 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
959 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
960 should be as simple as:
962 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
963 $ make depend all install
966 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
967 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
968 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
969 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
970 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
971 provisions for backup boot methods.
974 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
975 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
976 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
980 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
981 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
982 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
986 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
987 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
988 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
990 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
991 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
994 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
995 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
996 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
997 remove it from kernel config files.
1000 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1001 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1002 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1004 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1005 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1008 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1009 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1010 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1011 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1014 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1015 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1018 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1019 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1020 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1021 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1024 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1025 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1026 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1027 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1028 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1029 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1032 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1033 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1034 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1037 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1038 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1039 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1040 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1041 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1044 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1045 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1046 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1047 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1048 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1052 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1053 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1054 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1055 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1056 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1057 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1058 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1059 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1060 than hardcoding paths.
1063 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1064 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1065 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1068 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1069 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1070 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1071 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1074 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1075 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1078 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1079 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1080 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1081 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1084 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1085 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1086 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1087 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1088 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1091 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1092 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1093 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1094 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1098 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1099 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1100 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1101 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1102 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1105 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1106 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1109 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1110 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1114 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1115 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1119 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1120 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1121 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1122 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1124 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1125 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1126 sandbox if successful.
1128 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1129 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1130 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1131 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1132 an unprivileged user.
1135 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1136 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1137 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1138 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1139 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1140 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1141 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1142 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1143 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1144 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1145 to which you should answer yes.
1148 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1149 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1150 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1151 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1152 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1155 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1156 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1157 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1160 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1161 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1164 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1165 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1166 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1167 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1168 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1169 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1170 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1173 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1174 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1175 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1176 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1177 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1178 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1181 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1182 if you require the GPL compiler.
1185 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1186 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1187 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1190 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1191 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1192 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1196 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1197 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1198 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1199 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1200 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1201 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1204 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1205 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1206 which only require one chipset support.
1208 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1212 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1213 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1214 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1216 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1217 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1220 * load the chip modules in question
1221 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1223 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1224 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1226 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1229 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1230 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1231 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1233 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1234 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1235 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1237 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1238 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1239 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1240 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1241 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1242 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1243 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1244 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1247 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1248 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1249 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1252 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1253 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1254 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1257 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1258 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1259 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1260 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1261 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1262 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1263 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1266 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1267 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1268 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1269 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1272 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1273 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1274 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1277 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1278 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1279 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1282 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1283 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1285 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1286 via one of the following methods:
1287 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1288 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1289 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1290 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1292 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1295 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1296 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1297 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1298 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1302 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1303 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1304 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1305 be prefixed with colon.
1308 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1309 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1310 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1313 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1314 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1315 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1318 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1319 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1320 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1324 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1328 MCA bus support has been removed.
1331 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1332 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1335 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1336 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1339 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1340 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1341 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1345 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1346 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1347 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1350 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1351 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1352 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1355 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1356 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1357 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1360 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1361 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1362 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1363 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1366 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1367 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1369 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1370 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1373 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1374 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1375 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1379 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1380 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1381 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1384 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1385 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1388 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1389 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1390 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1391 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1394 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1395 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1396 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1397 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1398 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1401 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1404 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1405 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1406 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1407 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1410 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1411 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1412 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1416 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1417 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1418 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1419 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1420 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1424 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1425 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1428 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1431 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1432 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1433 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1434 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1435 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1436 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1440 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1441 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1442 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1443 previously contained a line like
1444 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1445 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1446 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1450 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1451 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1452 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1453 built with the old headers.
1456 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1457 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1458 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1459 installing a new libc.
1462 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1463 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1464 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1465 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1466 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1467 packages will be needed.
1469 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1470 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1471 and the install steps.
1474 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1475 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1476 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1477 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1478 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1479 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1482 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1483 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1484 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1485 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1486 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1488 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1489 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1490 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1491 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1492 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1494 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1495 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1496 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1497 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1498 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1499 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1502 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1503 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1504 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1505 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1506 quirks entry to 0x3.
1509 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1510 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1511 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1514 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1515 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1518 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1519 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1520 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1521 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1522 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1523 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1524 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1525 stale .depend files.
1528 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1529 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1530 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1534 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1535 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1536 make -C sys/boot install
1537 <reboot in single user>
1539 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1543 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1544 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1545 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1548 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1549 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1550 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1551 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1552 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1553 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1556 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1557 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1558 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1559 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1560 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1563 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1564 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1565 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1566 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1567 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1570 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1571 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1574 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1575 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1576 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1579 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1580 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1581 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1585 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1586 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1587 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1588 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1589 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1590 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1593 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1594 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1595 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1596 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1600 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1601 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1602 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1605 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1606 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1607 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1609 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1610 collation results will be different.
1612 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1613 locales before running make installworld.
1615 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1618 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1619 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1622 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1623 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1624 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1627 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1628 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1629 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1630 and 'make -N' will not.
1633 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1634 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1635 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1636 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1637 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1638 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1639 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1640 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1643 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1644 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1645 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1646 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1649 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1650 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1651 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1654 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1655 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1656 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1657 userland debug files.
1659 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1660 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1661 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1663 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1664 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1667 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1668 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1669 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1670 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1671 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1672 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1675 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1676 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1677 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1680 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1681 them, the kernel must have
1684 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1686 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1687 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1688 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1689 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1691 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1692 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1695 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1696 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1697 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1700 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1701 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1702 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1703 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1705 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1706 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1707 difference with this change.
1709 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1710 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1711 remove that workaround.
1714 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1715 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1716 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1719 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1722 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1723 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1724 loader.rc.local instead.
1727 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1728 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1729 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1732 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1733 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1734 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1736 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1737 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1740 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1741 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1742 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1743 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1744 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1745 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1746 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1747 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1748 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1749 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1750 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1751 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1754 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1755 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1757 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1758 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1759 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1761 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1762 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1764 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1765 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1766 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1768 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1769 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1770 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1771 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1773 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1774 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1775 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1776 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1778 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1779 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1780 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1781 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1782 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1783 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1784 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1785 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1789 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1790 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1793 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1794 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1797 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1798 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1799 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1800 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1801 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1804 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1805 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1806 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1807 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1810 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1811 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1812 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1813 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1814 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1815 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1816 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1818 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1819 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1820 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1821 replace it with '2'.
1822 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1823 a file path, create a new file with:
1824 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1825 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1826 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1827 5. Restart sendmail:
1828 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1830 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1834 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1835 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1836 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1837 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1840 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1843 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1844 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1845 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1848 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1849 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1852 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1853 same but content is different now
1854 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1855 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1856 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1857 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1858 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1861 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1862 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1863 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1866 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1867 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1870 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1871 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1874 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1875 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1876 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1879 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1880 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1881 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1882 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1885 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1886 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1887 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1890 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1891 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1892 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1893 kernel before rebooting.
1896 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1897 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1898 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1899 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1900 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1901 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1904 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1905 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1906 with the new kernel.
1909 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1910 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1911 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1914 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1915 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1916 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1917 are not already using 3.5.0.
1920 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1921 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1922 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1923 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1924 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1927 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1928 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1929 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1930 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1933 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1934 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1937 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1939 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1940 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1941 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1942 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1943 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1944 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1947 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1948 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1951 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1952 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1953 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1954 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1956 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1957 the instructions for 9.x above.
1959 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1960 default, and do not build clang.
1962 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1963 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1964 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1966 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1967 the following are most likely to appear:
1971 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1972 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1973 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1974 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1975 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1976 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1977 cast, or disable the warning.
1979 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1980 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1981 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1982 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1985 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1986 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1988 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1989 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1990 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1991 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1993 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1994 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1995 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1996 unreachable could be optimized away.
1999 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2000 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2001 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2002 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2003 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2004 the utilities will report errors.
2007 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2008 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2009 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2010 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2011 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2015 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2016 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2019 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2020 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2021 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2024 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2025 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2026 indicate what you need to do.
2028 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2029 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2030 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2032 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2033 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2037 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2038 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2042 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2043 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2047 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2051 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2052 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2053 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2054 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2055 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2056 their next update cycle.
2059 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2060 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2061 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2062 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2066 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2067 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2070 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2071 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2072 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2073 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2074 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2078 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2079 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2081 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2084 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2085 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2086 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2087 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2091 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2092 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2096 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2097 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2098 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2099 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2100 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2103 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2104 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2105 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2108 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2109 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2110 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2113 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2114 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2115 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2116 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2117 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2118 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2119 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2120 "make installworld".
2122 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2123 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2124 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2127 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2128 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2129 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2130 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2131 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2134 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2137 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2138 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2142 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2143 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2144 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2145 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2146 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2147 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2148 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2149 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2150 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2151 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2152 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2153 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2155 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2156 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2157 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2161 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2162 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2165 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2166 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2167 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2168 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2169 build hosts for older releases.
2171 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2172 r276991, respectively.
2175 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2176 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2177 will silently lack HESIOD.
2180 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2181 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2182 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2183 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2184 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2185 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2186 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2187 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2188 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2189 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2190 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2191 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2194 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2195 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2196 with command line option -W.
2199 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2200 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2201 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2202 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2203 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2206 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2209 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2210 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2213 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2214 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2215 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2216 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2217 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2220 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2221 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2222 kernel is still highly recommended.
2225 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2226 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2227 capability mode support in kernel.
2230 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2231 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2232 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2233 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2234 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2237 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2238 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2239 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2240 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2241 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2242 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2245 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2246 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2247 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2248 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2249 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2250 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2251 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2252 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2253 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2256 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2257 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2258 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2259 should change your settings to use the latter.
2262 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2263 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2264 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2265 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2266 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2269 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2270 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2271 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2273 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2275 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2278 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2285 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2286 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2287 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2288 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2289 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2290 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2291 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2292 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2294 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2295 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2296 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2297 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2298 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2299 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2300 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2301 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2304 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2305 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2306 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2307 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2310 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2311 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2312 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2313 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2315 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2316 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2317 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2318 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2319 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2320 should write them with this in mind.
2324 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2327 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2328 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2330 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2332 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2333 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2334 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2335 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2338 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2342 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2343 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2344 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2346 make kernel-toolchain
2347 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2348 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2350 To test a kernel once
2351 ---------------------
2352 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2353 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2354 debugging information) run
2355 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2356 nextboot -k testkernel
2358 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2359 -----------------------------------------------------------
2360 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2361 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2363 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2365 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2366 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2368 <reboot in single user> [3]
2375 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2376 --------------------------------------------------
2377 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2378 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2379 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2382 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2385 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2386 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2387 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2388 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2389 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2390 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2391 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2392 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2393 <reboot into current>
2394 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2395 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2399 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2400 ----------------------------------------------
2401 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2403 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2404 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2406 <reboot in single user> [3]
2413 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2414 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2415 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2416 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2417 the UPDATING entries.
2419 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2420 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2421 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2422 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2423 much fewer pitfalls.
2425 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2426 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2427 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2428 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2429 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2430 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2431 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2432 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2434 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2436 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2440 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2441 cd src # full path to source
2442 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2443 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2444 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2446 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2447 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2448 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2449 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2450 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2451 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2452 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2454 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2455 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2456 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2457 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2458 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2459 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2461 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2462 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2463 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2465 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2466 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2467 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2468 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2469 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2470 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2471 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2472 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2474 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2475 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2476 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2479 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2480 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2481 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2483 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2484 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2485 warn if it is improperly defined.
2488 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2489 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2490 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2491 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2492 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2494 Copyright information:
2496 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2498 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2499 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2500 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2502 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2503 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2504 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2505 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2506 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2507 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2508 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2509 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2510 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2511 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2512 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2514 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of