1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
32 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
33 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
34 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
38 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
39 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
42 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
43 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
44 the coming days and weeks.
46 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
48 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
49 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
50 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
51 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
52 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
55 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
56 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
57 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
58 was automatically built in through direct reference. Has of
59 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
60 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also delcare a
61 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
62 The GENERIC configuation includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
63 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
64 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
65 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
68 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
72 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
73 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
74 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
75 may need to be modified.
78 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
79 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
80 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
83 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
84 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
89 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
90 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
91 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
95 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
96 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
97 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
98 list of modules to load on their systems.
101 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
102 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
103 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
104 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
107 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
108 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
109 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
113 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
114 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
115 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
116 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
117 application-specific configuration option for applications
118 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
121 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
122 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
125 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
126 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
127 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
128 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
131 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
132 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
133 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
136 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
137 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
138 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
141 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
142 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
143 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
144 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
145 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
146 to update your sources past the above hash and do
149 % sudo -E make install
150 to enable building kernels again.
153 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
154 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
155 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
158 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
159 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
162 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
163 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
165 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
168 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
169 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
170 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
171 additions and others.
174 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
175 renamed to "untrusted".
178 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
179 please install the svn package or port.
182 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
183 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
184 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
187 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
190 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
191 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
192 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
193 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
194 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
195 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
196 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
199 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
200 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
201 comitted. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to detect this.
204 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
205 libraries and utilities are packaged.
206 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
207 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
208 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
209 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
213 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
214 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
215 need to be rebuilt from sources.
216 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
217 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
221 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
222 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
223 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
224 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
225 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
226 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
229 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
230 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
231 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
232 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
235 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
236 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
237 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
240 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
241 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
245 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
246 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
247 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
248 since it was bumped so recently.
251 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
252 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
253 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
254 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
257 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
258 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
259 requires a clean build.
262 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
263 instructions can be found at
264 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
265 and other documents in that repo.
268 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
269 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
270 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
271 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
274 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
275 may be installed from ports or packages.
278 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
279 See ping(8) for details.
282 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
283 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
284 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
287 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
288 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
289 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
290 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
291 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
294 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
295 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
296 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
297 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
298 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
302 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
303 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
304 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
305 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
307 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
308 command you want to un-auger the tree is
311 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
312 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
315 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
316 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
317 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
318 unless you want to use new features.
320 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
321 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
322 rebuilding world may fail.
324 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
325 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
327 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
328 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
329 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
330 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
333 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
334 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
335 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
336 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
339 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
340 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
344 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
345 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
348 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
349 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
350 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
351 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
354 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
355 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
356 from sources, so a version bump was done.
359 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
360 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
361 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
362 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
365 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
366 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
367 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
368 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
369 continue to function.
371 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
372 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
373 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
374 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
377 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
378 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
379 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
380 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
381 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
382 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
383 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
386 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
387 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
390 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
391 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
392 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
395 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
396 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
397 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
398 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
400 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
401 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
402 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
403 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
407 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
408 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
409 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
410 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
413 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
414 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
417 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
418 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
419 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
420 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
421 be functional without closefrom(2).
424 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
425 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
426 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
427 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
428 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
429 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
432 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
433 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
434 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
435 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
438 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
439 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
440 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
443 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
446 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
447 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
448 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
451 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
452 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
455 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
456 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
457 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
461 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
462 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
466 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
467 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
468 together with their new kernel.
471 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
472 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
473 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
475 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
476 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
479 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
483 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
484 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
485 external toolchain package.
488 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
489 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
490 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
491 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
492 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
495 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
496 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
497 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
498 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
501 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
502 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
503 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
507 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
510 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
511 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
512 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
513 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
516 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
517 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
518 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
521 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
522 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
523 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
524 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
525 differences between those included in the port and those included in
526 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
527 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
528 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
531 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
532 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
536 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
537 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
538 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
539 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
540 add superio to the set.
543 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
544 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
547 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
548 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
549 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
550 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
551 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
552 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
553 completely in the future.
556 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
557 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
558 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
559 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
560 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
561 will be removed from the list.
564 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
565 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
566 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
567 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
570 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
571 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
572 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
573 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
576 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
577 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
578 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
579 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
582 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
583 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
584 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
587 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
588 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
589 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
590 your scripts, because they had no effect.
592 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
593 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
594 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
595 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
596 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
599 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
600 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
601 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
602 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
603 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
604 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
605 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
608 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
609 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
610 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
611 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
614 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
615 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
616 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
617 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
620 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
621 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
622 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
625 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
626 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
627 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
628 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
629 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
630 avoid running into the limit.
633 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
634 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
637 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
638 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
639 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
640 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
641 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
642 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
645 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
646 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
649 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
650 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
651 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
652 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
653 availability properties.
655 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
656 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
657 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
658 initial condition, if desired.
660 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
661 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
663 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
664 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
665 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
666 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
669 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
670 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
671 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
672 therefore unblocked).
675 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
676 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
677 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
678 is added to the command line.
679 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
680 not affected and should continue to work.
683 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
684 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
685 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
686 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
689 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
690 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
691 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
695 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
696 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
700 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
701 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
702 migrating to the drm ports.
705 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
706 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
707 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
708 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
709 is loaded automatically.
712 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
713 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
714 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
718 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
719 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
720 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
721 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
724 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
725 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
726 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
727 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
728 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
732 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
733 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
734 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
736 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
737 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
739 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
740 removed from the mips port.
743 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
744 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
745 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
749 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
750 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
753 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
754 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
755 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
756 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
759 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
760 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
761 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
764 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
765 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
766 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
770 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
771 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
772 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
774 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
775 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
776 being included using the command:
780 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
781 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
784 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
785 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
786 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
787 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
788 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
789 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
790 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
791 that as you will get better support.
793 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
794 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
795 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
796 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
798 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
799 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
800 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
801 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
805 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
806 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
807 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
808 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
809 be adjusted as necessary.
812 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
813 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
814 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
815 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
818 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
819 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
820 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
821 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
825 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
826 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
827 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
828 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
832 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
833 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
834 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
835 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
836 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
837 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
840 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
841 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
842 default since FreeBSD-11.
845 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
846 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
847 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
850 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
851 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
852 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
853 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
854 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
855 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
856 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
858 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
859 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
862 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
863 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
864 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
865 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
866 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
867 may not be observed in a future release.
870 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
871 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
875 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
876 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
877 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
878 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
881 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
882 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
883 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
884 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
888 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
889 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
890 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
893 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
894 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
895 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
896 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
897 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
900 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
901 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
902 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
903 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
904 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
905 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
908 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
909 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
910 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
914 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
915 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
916 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
919 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
920 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
921 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
922 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
923 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
924 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
925 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
926 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
927 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
928 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
932 Big endian arm support has been removed.
935 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
936 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
937 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
938 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
939 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
942 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
943 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
944 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
945 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
946 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
947 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
950 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
951 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
954 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
955 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
956 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
957 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
958 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
959 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
960 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
963 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
964 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
965 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
969 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
970 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
971 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
975 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
976 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
979 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
980 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
984 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
985 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
986 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
987 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
990 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
991 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
992 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
996 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
997 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
998 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1002 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1003 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1004 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1005 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1006 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1007 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1010 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1011 workaround is necessary.
1014 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1015 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1016 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1017 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1020 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1021 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1022 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1023 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1024 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1027 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1028 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1029 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1030 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1033 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1034 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1035 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1039 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1040 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1044 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1045 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1049 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1050 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1051 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1052 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1053 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1055 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1056 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1057 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1058 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1059 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1060 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1061 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1063 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1064 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1067 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1070 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1071 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1072 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1074 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1076 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1077 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1078 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1079 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1080 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1081 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1082 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1084 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1088 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1089 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1090 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1093 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1094 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1095 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1096 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1097 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1098 should be as simple as:
1100 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1101 $ make depend all install
1104 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1105 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1106 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1107 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1108 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1109 provisions for backup boot methods.
1112 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1113 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1114 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1118 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1119 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1120 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1124 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1125 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1126 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1128 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1129 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1132 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1133 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1134 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1135 remove it from kernel config files.
1138 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1139 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1140 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1142 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1143 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1146 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1147 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1148 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1149 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1152 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1153 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1156 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1157 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1158 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1159 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1162 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1163 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1164 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1165 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1166 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1167 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1170 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1171 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1172 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1175 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1176 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1177 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1178 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1179 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1182 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1183 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1184 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1185 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1186 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1190 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1191 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1192 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1193 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1194 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1195 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1196 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1197 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1198 than hardcoding paths.
1201 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1202 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1203 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1206 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1207 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1208 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1209 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1212 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1213 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1216 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1217 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1218 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1219 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1222 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1223 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1224 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1225 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1226 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1229 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1230 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1231 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1232 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1236 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1237 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1238 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1239 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1240 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1243 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1244 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1247 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1248 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1252 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1253 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1257 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1258 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1259 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1260 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1262 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1263 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1264 sandbox if successful.
1266 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1267 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1268 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1269 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1270 an unprivileged user.
1273 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1274 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1275 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1276 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1277 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1278 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1279 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1280 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1281 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1282 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1283 to which you should answer yes.
1286 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1287 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1288 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1289 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1290 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1293 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1294 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1295 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1298 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1299 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1302 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1303 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1304 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1305 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1306 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1307 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1308 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1311 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1312 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1313 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1314 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1315 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1316 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1319 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1320 if you require the GPL compiler.
1323 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1324 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1325 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1328 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1329 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1330 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1334 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1335 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1336 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1337 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1338 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1339 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1342 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1343 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1344 which only require one chipset support.
1346 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1350 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1351 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1352 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1354 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1355 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1358 * load the chip modules in question
1359 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1361 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1362 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1364 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1367 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1368 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1369 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1371 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1372 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1373 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1375 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1376 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1377 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1378 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1379 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1380 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1381 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1382 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1385 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1386 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1387 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1390 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1391 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1392 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1395 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1396 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1397 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1398 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1399 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1400 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1401 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1404 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1405 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1406 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1407 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1410 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1411 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1412 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1415 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1416 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1417 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1420 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1421 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1423 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1424 via one of the following methods:
1425 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1426 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1427 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1428 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1430 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1433 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1434 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1435 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1436 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1440 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1441 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1442 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1443 be prefixed with colon.
1446 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1447 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1448 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1451 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1452 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1453 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1456 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1457 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1458 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1462 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1466 MCA bus support has been removed.
1469 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1470 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1473 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1474 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1477 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1478 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1479 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1483 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1484 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1485 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1488 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1489 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1490 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1493 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1494 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1495 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1498 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1499 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1500 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1501 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1504 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1505 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1507 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1508 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1511 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1512 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1513 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1517 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1518 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1519 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1522 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1523 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1526 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1527 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1528 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1529 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1532 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1533 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1534 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1535 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1536 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1539 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1542 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1543 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1544 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1545 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1548 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1549 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1550 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1554 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1555 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1556 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1557 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1558 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1562 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1563 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1566 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1569 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1570 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1571 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1572 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1573 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1574 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1578 CAM now strips the leading spaces from each SCSI disk's serial number.
1579 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1580 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1581 previously contained a line like
1582 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1583 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1584 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1588 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1589 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1590 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1591 built with the old headers.
1594 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1595 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1596 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1597 installing a new libc.
1600 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1601 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1602 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1603 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1604 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1605 packages will be needed.
1607 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1608 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1609 and the install steps.
1612 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1613 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1614 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1615 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1616 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1617 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1620 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1621 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1622 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1623 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1624 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1626 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1627 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1628 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1629 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1630 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1632 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1633 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1634 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1635 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1636 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1637 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1640 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1641 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1642 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1643 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1644 quirks entry to 0x3.
1647 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1648 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1649 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1652 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1653 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1656 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1657 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1658 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1659 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1660 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1661 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1662 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1663 stale .depend files.
1666 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1667 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1668 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1672 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1673 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1674 make -C sys/boot install
1675 <reboot in single user>
1677 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1681 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1682 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1683 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1686 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1687 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1688 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1689 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1690 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1691 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1694 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1695 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1696 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1697 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1698 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1701 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1702 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1703 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1704 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1705 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1708 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1709 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1712 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1713 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1714 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1717 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1718 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1719 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1723 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1724 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1725 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1726 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1727 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1728 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1731 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1732 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1733 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1734 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1738 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1739 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1740 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1743 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1744 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1745 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1747 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1748 collation results will be different.
1750 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1751 locales before running make installworld.
1753 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1756 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1757 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1760 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1761 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1762 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1765 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1766 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1767 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1768 and 'make -N' will not.
1771 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1772 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1773 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1774 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1775 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1776 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1777 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1778 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1781 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1782 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1783 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1784 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1787 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1788 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1789 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1792 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1793 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1794 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1795 userland debug files.
1797 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1798 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1799 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1801 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1802 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1805 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1806 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1807 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1808 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1809 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1810 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1813 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1814 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1815 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1818 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1819 them, the kernel must have
1822 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1824 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1825 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1826 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1827 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1829 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1830 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1833 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1834 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1835 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1838 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1839 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1840 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1841 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1843 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1844 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1845 difference with this change.
1847 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1848 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1849 remove that workaround.
1852 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1853 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1854 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1857 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1860 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1861 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1862 loader.rc.local instead.
1865 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1866 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1867 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1870 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1871 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1872 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1874 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1875 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1878 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1879 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1880 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1881 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1882 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1883 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1884 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1885 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1886 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1887 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1888 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1889 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1892 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1893 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1895 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1896 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1897 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1899 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1900 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1902 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1903 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1904 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1906 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1907 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1908 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1909 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1911 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1912 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1913 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1914 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1916 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1917 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1918 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1919 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1920 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1921 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1922 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1923 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1927 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1928 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1931 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1932 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1935 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1936 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1937 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1938 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1939 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1942 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1943 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1944 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1945 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1948 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1949 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1950 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1951 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1952 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1953 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1954 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1956 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1957 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1958 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1959 replace it with '2'.
1960 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1961 a file path, create a new file with:
1962 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1963 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1964 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1965 5. Restart sendmail:
1966 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1968 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1972 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1973 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1974 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1975 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1978 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1981 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1982 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1983 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1986 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1987 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1990 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1991 same but content is different now
1992 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1993 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1994 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1995 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1996 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1999 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
2000 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
2001 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
2004 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
2005 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
2008 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
2009 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
2012 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
2013 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
2014 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
2017 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
2018 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
2019 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
2020 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
2023 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
2024 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
2025 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2028 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2029 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
2030 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
2031 kernel before rebooting.
2034 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
2035 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
2036 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
2037 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
2038 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
2039 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
2042 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
2043 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
2044 with the new kernel.
2047 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2048 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
2049 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
2052 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
2053 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
2054 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
2055 are not already using 3.5.0.
2058 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
2059 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
2060 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
2061 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
2062 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
2065 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
2066 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
2067 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
2068 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
2071 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
2072 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
2075 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
2077 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
2078 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
2079 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
2080 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
2081 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
2082 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
2085 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
2086 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
2089 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
2090 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
2091 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
2092 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
2094 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
2095 the instructions for 9.x above.
2097 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
2098 default, and do not build clang.
2100 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
2101 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
2102 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
2104 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2105 the following are most likely to appear:
2109 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2110 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2111 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2112 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
2113 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2114 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2115 cast, or disable the warning.
2117 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2118 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2119 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2120 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2123 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2124 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
2126 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2127 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2128 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2129 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2131 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2132 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2133 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2134 unreachable could be optimized away.
2137 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2138 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2139 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2140 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2141 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2142 the utilities will report errors.
2145 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2146 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2147 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2148 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2149 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2153 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2154 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2157 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2158 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2159 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2162 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2163 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2164 indicate what you need to do.
2166 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2167 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2168 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2170 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2171 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2175 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2176 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2180 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2181 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2185 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2189 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2190 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2191 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2192 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2193 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2194 their next update cycle.
2197 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2198 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2199 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2200 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2204 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2205 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2208 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2209 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2210 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2211 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2212 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2216 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2217 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2219 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2222 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2223 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2224 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2225 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2229 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2230 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2234 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2235 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2236 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2237 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2238 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2241 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2242 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2243 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2246 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2247 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2248 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2251 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2252 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2253 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2254 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2255 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2256 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2257 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2258 "make installworld".
2260 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2261 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2262 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2265 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2266 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2267 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2268 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2269 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2272 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2275 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2276 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2280 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2281 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2282 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2283 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2284 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2285 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2286 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2287 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2288 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2289 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2290 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2291 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2293 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2294 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2295 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2299 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2300 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2303 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2304 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2305 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2306 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2307 build hosts for older releases.
2309 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2310 r276991, respectively.
2313 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2314 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2315 will silently lack HESIOD.
2318 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2319 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2320 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2321 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2322 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2323 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2324 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2325 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2326 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2327 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2328 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2329 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2332 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2333 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2334 with command line option -W.
2337 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2338 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2339 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2340 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2341 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2344 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2347 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2348 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2351 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2352 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2353 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2354 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2355 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2358 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2359 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2360 kernel is still highly recommended.
2363 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2364 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2365 capability mode support in kernel.
2368 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2369 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2370 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2371 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2372 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2375 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2376 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2377 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2378 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2379 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2380 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2383 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2384 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2385 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2386 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2387 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2388 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2389 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2390 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2391 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2394 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2395 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2396 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2397 should change your settings to use the latter.
2400 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2401 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2402 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2403 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2404 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2407 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2408 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2409 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2411 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2413 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2416 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2423 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2424 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2425 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2426 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2427 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2428 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2429 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2430 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2432 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2433 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2434 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2435 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2436 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2437 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2438 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2439 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2442 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2443 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2444 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2445 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2448 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2449 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2450 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2451 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2453 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2454 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2455 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2456 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2457 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2458 should write them with this in mind.
2462 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2465 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2466 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2468 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2470 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2471 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2472 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2473 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2476 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2480 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2481 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2482 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2484 make kernel-toolchain
2485 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2486 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2488 To test a kernel once
2489 ---------------------
2490 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2491 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2492 debugging information) run
2493 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2494 nextboot -k testkernel
2496 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2497 -----------------------------------------------------------
2498 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2499 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2501 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2503 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2504 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2506 <reboot in single user> [3]
2513 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2514 --------------------------------------------------
2515 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2516 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2517 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2520 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2523 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2524 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2525 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2526 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2527 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2528 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2529 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2530 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2531 <reboot into current>
2532 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2533 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2537 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2538 ----------------------------------------------
2539 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2541 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2542 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2544 <reboot in single user> [3]
2551 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2552 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2553 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2554 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2555 the UPDATING entries.
2557 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2558 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2559 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2560 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2561 much fewer pitfalls.
2563 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2564 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2565 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2566 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2567 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2568 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2569 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2570 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2572 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2574 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2578 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2579 cd src # full path to source
2580 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2581 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2582 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2584 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2585 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2586 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2587 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2588 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2589 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2591 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2592 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2595 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2596 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2597 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2599 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2600 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2601 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2602 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2603 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2604 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2605 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2606 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2608 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2609 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2610 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2613 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2614 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2615 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2617 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2618 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2619 warn if it is improperly defined.
2622 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2623 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2624 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2625 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2626 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2628 Copyright information:
2630 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2632 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2633 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2634 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2636 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2637 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2638 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2639 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2640 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2641 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2642 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2643 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2644 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2645 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2646 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2648 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of