1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
32 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependecies
33 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
37 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
38 renamed to "untrusted".
41 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
42 please install the svn package or port.
45 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
46 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
47 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
50 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
53 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
54 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
55 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
56 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
57 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
58 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
59 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
62 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
63 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
64 comitted. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to detect this.
67 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
68 libraries and utilities are packaged.
69 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
70 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
71 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
72 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
76 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
77 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
78 need to be rebuilt from sources.
79 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
80 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
84 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
85 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
86 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
87 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
88 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
89 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
92 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
93 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
94 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
95 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
98 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
99 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
100 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
103 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
104 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
108 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
109 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
110 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
111 since it was bumped so recently.
114 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
115 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
116 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
117 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
120 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
121 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
122 requires a clean build.
125 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
126 instructions can be found at
127 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
128 and other documents in that repo.
131 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
132 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
133 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
134 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
137 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
138 may be installed from ports or packages.
141 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
142 See ping(8) for details.
145 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
146 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
147 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
150 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
151 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
152 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
153 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
154 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
157 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
158 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
159 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
160 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
161 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
165 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
166 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
167 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
168 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
170 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
171 command you want to un-auger the tree is
174 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
175 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
178 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
179 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
180 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
181 unless you want to use new features.
183 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
184 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
185 rebuilding world may fail.
187 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
188 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
190 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
191 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
192 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
193 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
196 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
197 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
198 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
199 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
202 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
203 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
207 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
208 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
211 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
212 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
213 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
214 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
217 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
218 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
219 from sources, so a version bump was done.
222 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
223 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
224 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
225 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
228 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
229 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
230 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
231 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
232 continue to function.
234 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
235 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
236 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
237 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
240 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
241 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
242 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
243 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
244 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
245 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
246 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
249 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
250 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
253 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
254 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
255 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
258 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
259 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
260 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
261 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
263 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
264 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
265 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
266 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
270 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
271 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
272 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
273 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
276 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
277 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
280 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
281 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
282 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
283 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
284 be functional without closefrom(2).
287 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
288 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
289 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
290 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
291 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
292 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
295 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
296 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
297 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
298 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
301 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
302 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
303 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
306 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
309 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
310 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
311 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
314 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
315 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
318 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
319 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
320 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
324 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
325 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
329 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
330 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
331 together with their new kernel.
334 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
335 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
336 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
338 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
339 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
342 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
346 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
347 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
348 external toolchain package.
351 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
352 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
353 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
354 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
355 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
358 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
359 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
360 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
361 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
364 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
365 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
366 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
370 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
373 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
374 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
375 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
376 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
379 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
380 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
381 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
384 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
385 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
386 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
387 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
388 differences between those included in the port and those included in
389 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
390 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
391 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
394 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
395 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
399 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
400 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
401 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
402 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
403 add superio to the set.
406 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
407 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
410 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
411 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
412 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
413 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
414 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
415 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
416 completely in the future.
419 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
420 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
421 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
422 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
423 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
424 will be removed from the list.
427 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
428 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
429 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
430 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
433 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
434 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
435 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
436 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
439 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
440 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
441 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
442 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
445 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
446 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
447 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
450 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
451 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
452 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
453 your scripts, because they had no effect.
455 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
456 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
457 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
458 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
459 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
462 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
463 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
464 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
465 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
466 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
467 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
468 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
471 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
472 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
473 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
474 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
477 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
478 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
479 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
480 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
483 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
484 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
485 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
488 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
489 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
490 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
491 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
492 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
493 avoid running into the limit.
496 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
497 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
500 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
501 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
502 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
503 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
504 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
505 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
508 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
509 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
512 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
513 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
514 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
515 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
516 availability properties.
518 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
519 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
520 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
521 initial condition, if desired.
523 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
524 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
526 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
527 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
528 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
529 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
532 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
533 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
534 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
535 therefore unblocked).
538 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
539 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
540 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
541 is added to the command line.
542 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
543 not affected and should continue to work.
546 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
547 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
548 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
549 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
552 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
553 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
554 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
558 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
559 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
563 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
564 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
565 migrating to the drm ports.
568 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
569 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
570 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
571 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
572 is loaded automatically.
575 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
576 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
577 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
581 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
582 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
583 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
584 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
587 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
588 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
589 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
590 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
591 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
595 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
596 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
597 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
599 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
600 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
602 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
603 removed from the mips port.
606 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
607 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
608 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
612 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
613 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
616 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
617 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
618 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
619 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
622 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
623 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
624 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
627 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
628 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
629 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
633 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
634 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
635 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
637 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
638 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
639 being included using the command:
643 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
644 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
647 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
648 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
649 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
650 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
651 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
652 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
653 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
654 that as you will get better support.
656 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
657 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
658 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
659 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
661 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
662 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
663 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
664 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
668 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
669 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
670 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
671 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
672 be adjusted as necessary.
675 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
676 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
677 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
678 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
681 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
682 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
683 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
684 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
688 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
689 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
690 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
691 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
695 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
696 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
697 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
698 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
699 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
700 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
703 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
704 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
705 default since FreeBSD-11.
708 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
709 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
710 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
713 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
714 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
715 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
716 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
717 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
718 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
719 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
721 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
722 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
725 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
726 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
727 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
728 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
729 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
730 may not be observed in a future release.
733 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
734 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
738 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
739 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
740 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
741 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
744 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
745 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
746 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
747 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
751 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
752 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
753 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
756 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
757 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
758 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
759 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
760 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
763 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
764 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
765 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
766 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
767 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
768 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
771 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
772 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
773 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
777 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
778 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
779 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
782 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
783 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
784 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
785 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
786 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
787 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
788 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
789 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
790 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
791 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
795 Big endian arm support has been removed.
798 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
799 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
800 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
801 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
802 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
805 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
806 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
807 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
808 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
809 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
810 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
813 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
814 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
817 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
818 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
819 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
820 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
821 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
822 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
823 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
826 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
827 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
828 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
832 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
833 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
834 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
838 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
839 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
842 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
843 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
847 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
848 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
849 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
850 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
853 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
854 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
855 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
859 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
860 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
861 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
865 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
866 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
867 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
868 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
869 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
870 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
873 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
874 workaround is necessary.
877 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
878 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
879 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
880 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
883 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
884 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
885 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
886 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
887 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
890 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
891 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
892 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
893 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
896 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
897 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
898 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
902 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
903 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
907 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
908 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
912 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
913 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
914 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
915 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
916 microseconds and time zone offsets.
918 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
919 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
920 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
921 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
922 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
923 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
924 adjustments, depending on the software used.
926 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
927 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
930 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
933 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
934 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
935 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
937 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
939 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
940 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
941 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
942 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
943 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
944 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
945 thus expected to continue to function as before.
947 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
951 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
952 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
953 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
956 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
957 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
958 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
959 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
960 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
961 should be as simple as:
963 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
964 $ make depend all install
967 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
968 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
969 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
970 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
971 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
972 provisions for backup boot methods.
975 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
976 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
977 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
981 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
982 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
983 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
987 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
988 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
989 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
991 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
992 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
995 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
996 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
997 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
998 remove it from kernel config files.
1001 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1002 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1003 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1005 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1006 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1009 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1010 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1011 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1012 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1015 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1016 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1019 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1020 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1021 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1022 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1025 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1026 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1027 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1028 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1029 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1030 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1033 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1034 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1035 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1038 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1039 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1040 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1041 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1042 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1045 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1046 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1047 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1048 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1049 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1053 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1054 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1055 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1056 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1057 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1058 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1059 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1060 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1061 than hardcoding paths.
1064 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1065 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1066 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1069 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1070 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1071 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1072 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1075 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1076 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1079 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1080 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1081 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1082 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1085 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1086 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1087 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1088 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1089 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1092 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1093 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1094 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1095 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1099 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1100 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1101 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1102 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1103 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1106 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1107 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1110 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1111 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1115 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1116 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1120 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1121 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1122 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1123 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1125 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1126 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1127 sandbox if successful.
1129 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1130 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1131 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1132 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1133 an unprivileged user.
1136 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1137 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1138 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1139 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1140 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1141 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1142 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1143 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1144 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1145 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1146 to which you should answer yes.
1149 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1150 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1151 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1152 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1153 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1156 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1157 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1158 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1161 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1162 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1165 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1166 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1167 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1168 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1169 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1170 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1171 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1174 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1175 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1176 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1177 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1178 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1179 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1182 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1183 if you require the GPL compiler.
1186 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1187 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1188 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1191 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1192 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1193 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1197 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1198 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1199 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1200 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1201 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1202 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1205 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1206 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1207 which only require one chipset support.
1209 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1213 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1214 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1215 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1217 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1218 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1221 * load the chip modules in question
1222 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1224 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1225 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1227 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1230 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1231 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1232 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1234 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1235 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1236 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1238 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1239 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1240 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1241 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1242 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1243 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1244 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1245 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1248 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1249 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1250 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1253 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1254 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1255 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1258 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1259 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1260 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1261 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1262 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1263 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1264 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1267 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1268 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1269 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1270 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1273 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1274 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1275 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1278 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1279 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1280 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1283 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1284 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1286 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1287 via one of the following methods:
1288 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1289 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1290 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1291 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1293 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1296 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1297 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1298 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1299 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1303 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1304 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1305 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1306 be prefixed with colon.
1309 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1310 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1311 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1314 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1315 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1316 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1319 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1320 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1321 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1325 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1329 MCA bus support has been removed.
1332 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1333 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1336 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1337 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1340 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1341 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1342 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1346 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1347 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1348 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1351 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1352 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1353 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1356 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1357 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1358 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1361 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1362 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1363 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1364 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1367 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1368 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1370 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1371 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1374 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1375 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1376 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1380 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1381 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1382 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1385 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1386 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1389 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1390 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1391 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1392 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1395 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1396 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1397 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1398 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1399 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1402 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1405 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1406 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1407 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1408 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1411 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1412 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1413 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1417 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1418 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1419 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1420 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1421 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1425 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1426 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1429 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1432 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1433 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1434 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1435 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1436 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1437 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1441 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1442 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1443 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1444 previously contained a line like
1445 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1446 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1447 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1451 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1452 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1453 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1454 built with the old headers.
1457 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1458 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1459 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1460 installing a new libc.
1463 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1464 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1465 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1466 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1467 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1468 packages will be needed.
1470 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1471 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1472 and the install steps.
1475 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1476 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1477 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1478 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1479 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1480 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1483 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1484 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1485 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1486 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1487 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1489 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1490 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1491 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1492 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1493 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1495 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1496 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1497 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1498 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1499 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1500 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1503 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1504 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1505 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1506 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1507 quirks entry to 0x3.
1510 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1511 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1512 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1515 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1516 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1519 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1520 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1521 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1522 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1523 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1524 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1525 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1526 stale .depend files.
1529 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1530 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1531 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1535 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1536 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1537 make -C sys/boot install
1538 <reboot in single user>
1540 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1544 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1545 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1546 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1549 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1550 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1551 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1552 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1553 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1554 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1557 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1558 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1559 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1560 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1561 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1564 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1565 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1566 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1567 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1568 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1571 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1572 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1575 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1576 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1577 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1580 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1581 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1582 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1586 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1587 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1588 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1589 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1590 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1591 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1594 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1595 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1596 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1597 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1601 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1602 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1603 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1606 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1607 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1608 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1610 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1611 collation results will be different.
1613 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1614 locales before running make installworld.
1616 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1619 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1620 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1623 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1624 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1625 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1628 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1629 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1630 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1631 and 'make -N' will not.
1634 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1635 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1636 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1637 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1638 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1639 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1640 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1641 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1644 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1645 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1646 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1647 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1650 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1651 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1652 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1655 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1656 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1657 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1658 userland debug files.
1660 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1661 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1662 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1664 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1665 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1668 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1669 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1670 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1671 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1672 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1673 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1676 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1677 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1678 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1681 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1682 them, the kernel must have
1685 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1687 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1688 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1689 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1690 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1692 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1693 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1696 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1697 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1698 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1701 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1702 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1703 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1704 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1706 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1707 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1708 difference with this change.
1710 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1711 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1712 remove that workaround.
1715 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1716 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1717 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1720 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1723 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1724 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1725 loader.rc.local instead.
1728 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1729 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1730 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1733 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1734 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1735 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1737 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1738 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1741 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1742 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1743 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1744 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1745 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1746 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1747 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1748 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1749 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1750 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1751 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1752 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1755 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1756 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1758 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1759 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1760 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1762 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1763 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1765 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1766 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1767 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1769 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1770 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1771 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1772 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1774 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1775 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1776 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1777 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1779 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1780 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1781 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1782 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1783 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1784 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1785 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1786 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1790 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1791 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1794 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1795 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1798 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1799 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1800 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1801 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1802 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1805 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1806 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1807 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1808 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1811 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1812 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1813 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1814 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1815 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1816 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1817 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1819 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1820 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1821 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1822 replace it with '2'.
1823 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1824 a file path, create a new file with:
1825 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1826 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1827 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1828 5. Restart sendmail:
1829 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1831 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1835 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1836 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1837 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1838 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1841 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1844 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1845 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1846 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1849 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1850 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1853 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1854 same but content is different now
1855 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1856 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1857 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1858 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1859 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1862 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1863 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1864 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1867 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1868 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1871 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1872 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1875 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1876 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1877 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1880 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1881 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1882 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1883 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1886 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1887 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1888 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1891 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1892 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1893 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1894 kernel before rebooting.
1897 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1898 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1899 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1900 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1901 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1902 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1905 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1906 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1907 with the new kernel.
1910 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1911 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1912 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1915 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1916 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1917 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1918 are not already using 3.5.0.
1921 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1922 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1923 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1924 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1925 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1928 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1929 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1930 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1931 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1934 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1935 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1938 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1940 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1941 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1942 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1943 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1944 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1945 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1948 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1949 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1952 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1953 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1954 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1955 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1957 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1958 the instructions for 9.x above.
1960 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1961 default, and do not build clang.
1963 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1964 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1965 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1967 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1968 the following are most likely to appear:
1972 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1973 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1974 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1975 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1976 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1977 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1978 cast, or disable the warning.
1980 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1981 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1982 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1983 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1986 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1987 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1989 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1990 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1991 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1992 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1994 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1995 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1996 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1997 unreachable could be optimized away.
2000 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2001 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2002 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2003 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2004 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2005 the utilities will report errors.
2008 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2009 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2010 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2011 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2012 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2016 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2017 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2020 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2021 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2022 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2025 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2026 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2027 indicate what you need to do.
2029 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2030 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2031 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2033 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2034 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2038 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2039 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2043 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2044 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2048 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2052 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2053 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2054 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2055 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2056 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2057 their next update cycle.
2060 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2061 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2062 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2063 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2067 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2068 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2071 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2072 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2073 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2074 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2075 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2079 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2080 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2082 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2085 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2086 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2087 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2088 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2092 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2093 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2097 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2098 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2099 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2100 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2101 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2104 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2105 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2106 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2109 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2110 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2111 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2114 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2115 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2116 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2117 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2118 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2119 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2120 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2121 "make installworld".
2123 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2124 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2125 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2128 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2129 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2130 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2131 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2132 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2135 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2138 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2139 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2143 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2144 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2145 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2146 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2147 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2148 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2149 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2150 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2151 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2152 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2153 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2154 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2156 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2157 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2158 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2162 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2163 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2166 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2167 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2168 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2169 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2170 build hosts for older releases.
2172 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2173 r276991, respectively.
2176 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2177 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2178 will silently lack HESIOD.
2181 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2182 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2183 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2184 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2185 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2186 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2187 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2188 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2189 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2190 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2191 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2192 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2195 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2196 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2197 with command line option -W.
2200 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2201 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2202 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2203 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2204 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2207 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2210 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2211 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2214 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2215 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2216 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2217 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2218 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2221 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2222 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2223 kernel is still highly recommended.
2226 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2227 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2228 capability mode support in kernel.
2231 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2232 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2233 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2234 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2235 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2238 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2239 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2240 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2241 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2242 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2243 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2246 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2247 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2248 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2249 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2250 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2251 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2252 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2253 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2254 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2257 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2258 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2259 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2260 should change your settings to use the latter.
2263 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2264 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2265 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2266 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2267 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2270 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2271 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2272 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2274 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2276 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2279 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2286 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2287 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2288 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2289 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2290 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2291 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2292 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2293 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2295 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2296 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2297 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2298 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2299 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2300 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2301 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2302 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2305 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2306 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2307 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2308 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2311 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2312 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2313 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2314 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2316 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2317 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2318 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2319 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2320 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2321 should write them with this in mind.
2325 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2328 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2329 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2331 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2333 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2334 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2335 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2336 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2339 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2343 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2344 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2345 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2347 make kernel-toolchain
2348 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2349 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2351 To test a kernel once
2352 ---------------------
2353 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2354 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2355 debugging information) run
2356 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2357 nextboot -k testkernel
2359 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2360 -----------------------------------------------------------
2361 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2362 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2364 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2366 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2367 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2369 <reboot in single user> [3]
2376 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2377 --------------------------------------------------
2378 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2379 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2380 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2383 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2386 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2387 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2388 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2389 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2390 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2391 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2392 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2393 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2394 <reboot into current>
2395 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2396 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2400 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2401 ----------------------------------------------
2402 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2404 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2405 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2407 <reboot in single user> [3]
2414 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2415 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2416 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2417 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2418 the UPDATING entries.
2420 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2421 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2422 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2423 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2424 much fewer pitfalls.
2426 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2427 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2428 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2429 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2430 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2431 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2432 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2433 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2435 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2437 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2441 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2442 cd src # full path to source
2443 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2444 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2445 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2447 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2448 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2449 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2450 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2451 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2452 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2453 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2455 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2456 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2457 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2458 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2459 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2460 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2462 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2463 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2464 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2466 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2467 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2468 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2469 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2470 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2471 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2472 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2473 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2475 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2476 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2477 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2480 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2481 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2482 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2484 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2485 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2486 warn if it is improperly defined.
2489 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2490 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2491 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2492 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2493 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2495 Copyright information:
2497 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2499 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2500 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2501 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2503 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2504 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2505 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2506 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2507 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2508 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2509 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2510 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2511 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2512 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2513 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2515 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of