1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
32 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
35 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
36 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
39 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
40 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
43 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
44 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
45 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
48 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
54 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
55 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
56 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
59 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
60 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
61 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
64 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
65 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
68 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
69 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
70 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
73 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
74 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
78 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
79 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
80 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
81 corresponding kernel environment variables.
84 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
85 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
91 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
92 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
93 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
96 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
97 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
98 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
99 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
100 with the serial port at 115200.
103 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
104 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
105 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
106 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
107 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
110 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
111 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
114 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
115 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
116 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
117 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
118 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
121 stable/14 branch created.
124 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
125 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
126 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
127 file a PR and assign it to imp.
130 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
131 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
135 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
136 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
137 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
138 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
140 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
143 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
144 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
147 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
148 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
149 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
150 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
151 already properly quoted or escaped.
154 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
155 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
156 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
157 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
158 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
159 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
160 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
161 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
163 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
164 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
167 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
171 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
175 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
177 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
180 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
181 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
182 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
183 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
184 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
185 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
186 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
190 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
194 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
195 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
196 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
199 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
200 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
203 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
204 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
205 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
208 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
209 system are now built unconditionally.
212 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
213 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
216 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
217 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
219 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
220 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
221 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
224 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
225 to reenable sendmail(8):
227 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
229 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
232 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
233 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
234 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
235 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
236 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
237 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
239 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
242 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
243 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
244 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
247 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
248 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
251 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
252 for pkgbase users to do:
254 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
255 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
257 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
261 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
262 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
263 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
264 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
267 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
268 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
271 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
272 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
273 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
274 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
278 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
279 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
282 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
283 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
284 the coming days and weeks.
286 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
288 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
289 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
290 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
291 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
292 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
295 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
296 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
297 statement in unbound.conf:
298 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
300 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
302 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
303 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
304 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
305 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
306 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
307 such names when roaming to different homenets.
310 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
311 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
312 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
313 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
314 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
315 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
316 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
317 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
318 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
319 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
320 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
323 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
327 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
328 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
329 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
330 may need to be modified.
333 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
334 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
335 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
338 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
339 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
344 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
345 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
346 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
350 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
351 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
352 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
353 list of modules to load on their systems.
356 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
357 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
358 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
359 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
362 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
363 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
364 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
368 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
369 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
370 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
371 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
372 application-specific configuration option for applications
373 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
376 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
377 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
380 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
381 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
382 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
383 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
386 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
387 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
388 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
391 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
392 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
393 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
396 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
397 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
398 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
399 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
400 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
401 to update your sources past the above hash and do
404 % sudo -E make install
405 to enable building kernels again.
408 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
409 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
410 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
413 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
414 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
417 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
418 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
420 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
423 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
424 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
425 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
426 additions and others.
429 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
430 renamed to "untrusted".
433 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
434 please install the svn package or port.
437 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
438 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
439 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
442 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
445 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
446 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
447 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
448 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
449 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
450 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
451 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
454 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
455 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
456 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
460 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
461 libraries and utilities are packaged.
462 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
463 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
464 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
465 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
469 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
470 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
471 need to be rebuilt from sources.
472 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
473 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
477 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
478 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
479 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
480 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
481 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
482 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
485 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
486 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
487 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
488 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
491 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
492 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
493 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
496 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
497 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
501 stable/13 branch created.
504 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
505 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
506 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
507 since it was bumped so recently.
510 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
511 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
512 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
513 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
516 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
517 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
518 requires a clean build.
521 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
522 instructions can be found at
523 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
524 and other documents in that repo.
527 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
528 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
529 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
530 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
533 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
534 may be installed from ports or packages.
537 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
538 See ping(8) for details.
541 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
542 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
543 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
546 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
547 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
548 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
549 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
550 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
553 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
554 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
555 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
556 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
557 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
561 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
562 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
563 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
564 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
566 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
567 command you want to un-auger the tree is
570 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
571 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
574 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
575 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
576 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
577 unless you want to use new features.
579 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
580 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
581 rebuilding world may fail.
583 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
584 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
586 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
587 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
588 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
589 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
592 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
593 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
594 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
595 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
598 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
599 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
603 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
604 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
607 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
608 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
609 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
610 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
613 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
614 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
615 from sources, so a version bump was done.
618 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
619 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
620 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
621 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
624 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
625 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
626 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
627 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
628 continue to function.
630 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
631 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
632 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
633 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
636 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
637 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
638 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
639 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
640 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
641 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
642 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
645 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
646 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
649 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
650 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
651 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
654 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
655 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
656 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
657 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
659 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
660 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
661 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
662 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
666 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
667 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
668 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
669 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
672 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
673 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
676 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
677 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
678 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
679 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
680 be functional without closefrom(2).
683 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
684 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
685 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
686 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
687 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
688 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
691 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
692 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
693 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
694 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
697 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
698 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
699 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
702 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
705 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
706 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
707 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
710 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
711 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
714 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
715 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
716 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
720 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
721 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
725 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
726 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
727 together with their new kernel.
730 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
731 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
732 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
734 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
735 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
738 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
742 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
743 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
744 external toolchain package.
747 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
748 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
749 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
750 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
751 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
754 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
755 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
756 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
757 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
760 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
761 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
762 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
766 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
769 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
770 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
771 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
772 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
775 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
776 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
777 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
780 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
781 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
782 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
783 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
784 differences between those included in the port and those included in
785 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
786 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
787 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
790 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
791 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
795 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
796 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
797 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
798 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
799 add superio to the set.
802 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
803 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
806 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
807 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
808 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
809 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
810 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
811 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
812 completely in the future.
815 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
816 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
817 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
818 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
819 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
820 will be removed from the list.
823 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
824 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
825 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
826 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
829 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
830 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
831 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
832 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
835 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
836 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
837 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
838 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
841 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
842 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
843 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
846 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
847 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
848 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
849 your scripts, because they had no effect.
851 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
852 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
853 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
854 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
855 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
858 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
859 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
860 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
861 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
862 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
863 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
864 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
867 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
868 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
869 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
870 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
873 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
874 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
875 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
876 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
879 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
880 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
881 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
884 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
885 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
886 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
887 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
888 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
889 avoid running into the limit.
892 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
893 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
896 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
897 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
898 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
899 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
900 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
901 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
904 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
905 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
908 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
909 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
910 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
911 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
912 availability properties.
914 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
915 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
916 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
917 initial condition, if desired.
919 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
920 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
922 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
923 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
924 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
925 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
928 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
929 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
930 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
931 therefore unblocked).
934 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
935 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
936 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
937 is added to the command line.
938 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
939 not affected and should continue to work.
942 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
943 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
944 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
945 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
948 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
949 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
950 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
954 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
955 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
959 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
960 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
961 migrating to the drm ports.
964 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
965 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
966 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
967 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
968 is loaded automatically.
971 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
972 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
973 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
977 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
978 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
979 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
980 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
983 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
984 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
985 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
986 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
987 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
991 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
992 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
993 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
995 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
996 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
998 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
999 removed from the mips port.
1002 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1003 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1004 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1008 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1009 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1012 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1013 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1014 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1015 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1018 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1019 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1020 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1023 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1024 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1025 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1029 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1030 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1031 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1033 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1034 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1035 being included using the command:
1039 Stable/12 was branched created.
1042 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1043 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1046 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1047 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1048 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1049 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1050 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1051 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1052 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1053 that as you will get better support.
1055 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1056 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1057 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1058 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1060 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1061 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1062 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1063 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1067 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1068 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1069 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1070 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1071 be adjusted as necessary.
1074 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1075 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1076 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1077 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1080 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1081 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1082 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1083 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1087 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1088 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1089 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1090 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1094 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1095 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1096 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1097 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1098 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1099 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1102 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1103 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1104 default since FreeBSD-11.
1107 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1108 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1109 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1112 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1113 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1114 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1115 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1116 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1117 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1118 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1120 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1121 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1124 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1125 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1126 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1127 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1128 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1129 may not be observed in a future release.
1132 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1133 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1137 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1138 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1139 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1140 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1143 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1144 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1145 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1146 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1150 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1151 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1152 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1155 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1156 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1157 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1158 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1159 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1162 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1163 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1164 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1165 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1166 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1167 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1170 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1171 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1172 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1175 in /boot/loader.conf
1176 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1177 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1178 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1181 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1182 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1183 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1184 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1185 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1186 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1187 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1188 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1189 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1190 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1194 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1197 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1198 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1199 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1200 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1201 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1204 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1205 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1206 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1207 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1208 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1209 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1212 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1213 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1216 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1217 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1218 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1219 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1220 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1221 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1222 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1225 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1226 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1227 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1231 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1232 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1233 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1237 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1238 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1241 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1242 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1246 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1247 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1248 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1249 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1252 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1253 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1254 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1258 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1259 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1260 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1264 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1265 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1266 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1267 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1268 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1269 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1272 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1273 workaround is necessary.
1276 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1277 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1278 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1279 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1282 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1283 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1284 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1285 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1286 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1289 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1290 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1291 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1292 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1295 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1296 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1297 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1301 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1302 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1306 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1307 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1311 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1312 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1313 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1314 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1315 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1317 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1318 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1319 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1320 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1321 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1322 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1323 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1325 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1326 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1329 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1332 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1333 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1334 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1336 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1338 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1339 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1340 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1341 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1342 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1343 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1344 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1346 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1350 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1351 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1352 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1355 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1356 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1357 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1358 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1359 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1360 should be as simple as:
1362 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1363 $ make depend all install
1366 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1367 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1368 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1369 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1370 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1371 provisions for backup boot methods.
1374 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1375 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1376 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1380 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1381 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1382 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1386 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1387 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1388 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1390 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1391 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1394 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1395 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1396 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1397 remove it from kernel config files.
1400 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1401 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1402 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1404 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1405 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1408 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1409 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1410 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1411 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1414 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1415 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1418 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1419 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1420 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1421 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1424 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1425 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1426 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1427 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1428 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1429 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1432 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1433 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1434 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1437 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1438 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1439 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1440 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1441 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1444 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1445 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1446 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1447 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1448 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1452 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1453 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1454 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1455 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1456 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1457 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1458 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1459 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1460 than hardcoding paths.
1463 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1464 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1465 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1468 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1469 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1470 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1471 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1474 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1475 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1478 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1479 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1480 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1481 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1484 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1485 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1486 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1487 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1488 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1491 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1492 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1493 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1494 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1498 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1499 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1500 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1501 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1502 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1505 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1506 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1509 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1510 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1514 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1515 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1519 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1520 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1521 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1522 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1524 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1525 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1526 sandbox if successful.
1528 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1529 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1530 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1531 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1532 an unprivileged user.
1535 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1536 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1537 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1538 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1539 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1540 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1541 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1542 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1543 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1544 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1545 to which you should answer yes.
1548 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1549 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1550 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1551 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1552 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1555 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1556 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1557 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1560 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1561 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1564 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1565 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1566 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1567 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1568 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1569 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1570 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1573 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1574 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1575 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1576 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1577 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1578 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1581 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1582 if you require the GPL compiler.
1585 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1586 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1587 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1588 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1589 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1590 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1593 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1594 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1595 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1598 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1599 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1600 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1604 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1605 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1606 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1607 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1608 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1609 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1612 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1613 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1614 which only require one chipset support.
1616 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1620 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1621 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1622 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1624 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1625 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1628 * load the chip modules in question
1629 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1631 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1632 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1634 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1637 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1638 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1639 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1641 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1642 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1643 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1645 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1646 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1647 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1648 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1649 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1650 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1651 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1652 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1655 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1656 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1657 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1660 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1661 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1662 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1665 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1666 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1667 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1668 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1669 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1670 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1671 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1674 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1675 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1676 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1677 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1680 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1681 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1682 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1685 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1686 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1687 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1690 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1691 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1693 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1694 via one of the following methods:
1695 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1696 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1697 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1698 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1700 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1703 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1704 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1705 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1706 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1710 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1711 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1712 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1713 be prefixed with colon.
1716 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1717 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1718 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1721 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1722 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1723 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1726 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1727 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1728 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1732 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1736 MCA bus support has been removed.
1739 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1740 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1743 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1744 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1747 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1748 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1749 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1753 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1754 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1755 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1758 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1759 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1760 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1763 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1764 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1765 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1768 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1769 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1770 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1771 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1774 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1775 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1777 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1778 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1781 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1782 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1783 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1787 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1788 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1789 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1792 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1793 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1796 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1797 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1798 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1799 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1802 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1803 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1804 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1805 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1806 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1809 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1812 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1813 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1814 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1815 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1818 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1819 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1820 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1824 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1825 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1826 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1827 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1828 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1832 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1833 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1836 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1838 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1839 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1840 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1847 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1848 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1849 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1850 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1851 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1852 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1853 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1854 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1856 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1857 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1858 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1859 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1860 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1861 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1862 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1863 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1866 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1867 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1868 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1869 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1872 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1873 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1874 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1875 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1877 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1878 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1879 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1880 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1881 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1882 should write them with this in mind.
1886 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1887 always follow these three steps:
1889 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1890 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1892 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1893 doing a zpool upgrade):
1895 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1896 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1897 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1898 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1900 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1901 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1904 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1909 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1910 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1911 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1912 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1913 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1914 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1915 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1916 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1918 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1919 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1920 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1921 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1923 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1924 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1925 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1926 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1928 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1932 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1933 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1934 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1936 make kernel-toolchain
1937 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1938 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1940 To test a kernel once
1941 ---------------------
1942 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1943 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1944 debugging information) run
1945 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1946 nextboot -k testkernel
1948 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1949 -----------------------------------------------------------
1950 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1951 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1953 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1955 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1956 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1958 <reboot in single user> [3]
1965 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1966 --------------------------------------------------
1967 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1968 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1969 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1972 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1975 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1976 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1977 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1978 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1979 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1980 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1981 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1982 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1983 <reboot into current>
1984 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1985 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1989 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1990 ----------------------------------------------
1991 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1993 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1994 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1996 <reboot in single user> [3]
2003 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2004 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2005 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2006 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2007 the UPDATING entries.
2009 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2010 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2011 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2012 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2013 much fewer pitfalls.
2015 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2016 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2017 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2018 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2019 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2020 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2021 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2022 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2024 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2026 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2030 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2031 cd src # full path to source
2032 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2033 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2034 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2036 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2037 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2038 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2039 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2040 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2041 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2043 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2044 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2047 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2048 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2049 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2051 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2052 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2053 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2054 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2055 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2056 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2057 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2058 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2060 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2061 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2062 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2065 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2066 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2067 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2069 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2070 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2071 warn if it is improperly defined.
2074 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2075 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2076 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2077 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2078 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2080 Copyright information:
2082 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2084 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2085 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2086 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2088 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2089 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2090 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2091 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2092 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2093 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2094 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2095 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2096 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2097 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2098 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2100 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of