1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
32 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
35 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
36 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
38 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
39 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
40 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
43 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
44 to reenable sendmail(8):
46 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
48 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
51 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
52 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
53 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
54 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
55 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
56 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
58 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
61 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
62 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
63 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
66 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
67 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
70 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
71 for pkgbase users to do:
73 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
74 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
76 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
80 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
81 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
84 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
85 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
86 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
87 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
91 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
92 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
95 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
96 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
97 the coming days and weeks.
99 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
101 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
102 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
103 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
104 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
105 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
108 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
109 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
110 statement in unbound.conf:
111 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
113 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
115 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
116 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
117 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
118 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
119 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
120 such names when roaming to different homenets.
123 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
124 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
125 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
126 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
127 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
128 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
129 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
130 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
131 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
132 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
133 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
136 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
140 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
141 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
142 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
143 may need to be modified.
146 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
147 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
148 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
151 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
152 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
157 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
158 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
159 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
163 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
164 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
165 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
166 list of modules to load on their systems.
169 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
170 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
171 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
172 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
175 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
176 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
177 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
181 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
182 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
183 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
184 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
185 application-specific configuration option for applications
186 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
189 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
190 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
193 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
194 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
195 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
196 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
199 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
200 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
201 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
204 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
205 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
206 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
209 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
210 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
211 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
212 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
213 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
214 to update your sources past the above hash and do
217 % sudo -E make install
218 to enable building kernels again.
221 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
222 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
223 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
226 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
227 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
230 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
231 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
233 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
236 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
237 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
238 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
239 additions and others.
242 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
243 renamed to "untrusted".
246 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
247 please install the svn package or port.
250 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
251 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
252 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
255 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
258 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
259 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
260 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
261 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
262 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
263 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
264 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
267 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
268 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
269 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
273 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
274 libraries and utilities are packaged.
275 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
276 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
277 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
278 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
282 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
283 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
284 need to be rebuilt from sources.
285 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
286 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
290 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
291 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
292 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
293 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
294 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
295 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
298 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
299 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
300 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
301 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
304 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
305 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
306 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
309 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
310 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
314 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
315 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
316 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
317 since it was bumped so recently.
320 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
321 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
322 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
323 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
326 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
327 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
328 requires a clean build.
331 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
332 instructions can be found at
333 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
334 and other documents in that repo.
337 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
338 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
339 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
340 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
343 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
344 may be installed from ports or packages.
347 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
348 See ping(8) for details.
351 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
352 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
353 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
356 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
357 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
358 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
359 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
360 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
363 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
364 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
365 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
366 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
367 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
371 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
372 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
373 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
374 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
376 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
377 command you want to un-auger the tree is
380 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
381 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
384 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
385 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
386 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
387 unless you want to use new features.
389 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
390 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
391 rebuilding world may fail.
393 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
394 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
396 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
397 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
398 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
399 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
402 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
403 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
404 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
405 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
408 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
409 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
413 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
414 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
417 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
418 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
419 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
420 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
423 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
424 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
425 from sources, so a version bump was done.
428 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
429 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
430 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
431 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
434 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
435 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
436 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
437 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
438 continue to function.
440 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
441 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
442 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
443 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
446 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
447 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
448 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
449 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
450 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
451 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
452 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
455 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
456 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
459 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
460 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
461 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
464 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
465 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
466 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
467 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
469 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
470 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
471 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
472 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
476 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
477 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
478 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
479 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
482 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
483 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
486 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
487 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
488 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
489 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
490 be functional without closefrom(2).
493 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
494 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
495 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
496 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
497 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
498 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
501 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
502 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
503 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
504 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
507 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
508 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
509 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
512 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
515 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
516 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
517 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
520 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
521 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
524 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
525 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
526 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
530 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
531 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
535 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
536 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
537 together with their new kernel.
540 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
541 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
542 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
544 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
545 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
548 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
552 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
553 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
554 external toolchain package.
557 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
558 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
559 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
560 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
561 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
564 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
565 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
566 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
567 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
570 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
571 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
572 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
576 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
579 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
580 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
581 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
582 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
585 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
586 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
587 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
590 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
591 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
592 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
593 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
594 differences between those included in the port and those included in
595 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
596 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
597 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
600 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
601 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
605 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
606 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
607 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
608 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
609 add superio to the set.
612 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
613 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
616 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
617 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
618 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
619 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
620 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
621 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
622 completely in the future.
625 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
626 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
627 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
628 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
629 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
630 will be removed from the list.
633 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
634 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
635 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
636 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
639 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
640 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
641 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
642 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
645 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
646 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
647 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
648 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
651 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
652 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
653 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
656 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
657 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
658 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
659 your scripts, because they had no effect.
661 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
662 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
663 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
664 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
665 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
668 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
669 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
670 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
671 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
672 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
673 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
674 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
677 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
678 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
679 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
680 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
683 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
684 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
685 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
686 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
689 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
690 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
691 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
694 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
695 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
696 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
697 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
698 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
699 avoid running into the limit.
702 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
703 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
706 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
707 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
708 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
709 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
710 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
711 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
714 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
715 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
718 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
719 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
720 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
721 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
722 availability properties.
724 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
725 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
726 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
727 initial condition, if desired.
729 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
730 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
732 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
733 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
734 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
735 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
738 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
739 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
740 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
741 therefore unblocked).
744 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
745 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
746 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
747 is added to the command line.
748 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
749 not affected and should continue to work.
752 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
753 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
754 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
755 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
758 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
759 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
760 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
764 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
765 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
769 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
770 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
771 migrating to the drm ports.
774 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
775 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
776 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
777 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
778 is loaded automatically.
781 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
782 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
783 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
787 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
788 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
789 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
790 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
793 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
794 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
795 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
796 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
797 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
801 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
802 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
803 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
805 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
806 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
808 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
809 removed from the mips port.
812 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
813 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
814 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
818 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
819 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
822 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
823 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
824 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
825 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
828 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
829 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
830 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
833 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
834 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
835 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
839 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
840 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
841 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
843 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
844 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
845 being included using the command:
849 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
850 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
853 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
854 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
855 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
856 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
857 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
858 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
859 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
860 that as you will get better support.
862 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
863 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
864 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
865 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
867 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
868 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
869 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
870 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
874 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
875 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
876 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
877 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
878 be adjusted as necessary.
881 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
882 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
883 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
884 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
887 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
888 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
889 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
890 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
894 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
895 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
896 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
897 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
901 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
902 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
903 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
904 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
905 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
906 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
909 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
910 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
911 default since FreeBSD-11.
914 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
915 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
916 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
919 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
920 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
921 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
922 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
923 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
924 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
925 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
927 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
928 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
931 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
932 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
933 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
934 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
935 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
936 may not be observed in a future release.
939 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
940 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
944 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
945 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
946 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
947 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
950 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
951 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
952 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
953 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
957 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
958 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
959 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
962 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
963 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
964 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
965 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
966 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
969 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
970 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
971 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
972 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
973 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
974 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
977 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
978 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
979 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
983 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
984 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
985 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
988 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
989 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
990 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
991 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
992 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
993 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
994 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
995 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
996 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
997 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1001 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1004 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1005 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1006 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1007 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1008 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1011 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1012 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1013 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1014 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1015 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1016 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1019 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1020 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1023 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1024 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1025 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1026 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1027 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1028 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1029 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1032 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1033 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1034 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1038 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1039 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1040 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1044 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1045 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1048 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1049 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1053 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1054 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1055 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1056 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1059 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1060 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1061 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1065 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1066 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1067 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1071 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1072 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1073 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1074 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1075 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1076 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1079 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1080 workaround is necessary.
1083 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1084 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1085 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1086 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1089 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1090 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1091 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1092 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1093 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1096 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1097 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1098 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1099 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1102 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1103 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1104 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1108 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1109 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1113 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1114 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1118 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1119 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1120 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1121 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1122 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1124 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1125 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1126 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1127 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1128 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1129 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1130 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1132 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1133 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1136 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1139 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1140 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1141 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1143 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1145 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1146 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1147 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1148 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1149 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1150 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1151 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1153 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1157 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1158 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1159 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1162 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1163 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1164 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1165 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1166 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1167 should be as simple as:
1169 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1170 $ make depend all install
1173 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1174 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1175 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1176 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1177 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1178 provisions for backup boot methods.
1181 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1182 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1183 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1187 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1188 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1189 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1193 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1194 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1195 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1197 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1198 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1201 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1202 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1203 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1204 remove it from kernel config files.
1207 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1208 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1209 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1211 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1212 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1215 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1216 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1217 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1218 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1221 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1222 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1225 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1226 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1227 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1228 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1231 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1232 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1233 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1234 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1235 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1236 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1239 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1240 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1241 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1244 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1245 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1246 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1247 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1248 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1251 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1252 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1253 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1254 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1255 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1259 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1260 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1261 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1262 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1263 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1264 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1265 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1266 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1267 than hardcoding paths.
1270 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1271 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1272 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1275 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1276 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1277 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1278 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1281 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1282 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1285 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1286 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1287 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1288 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1291 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1292 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1293 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1294 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1295 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1298 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1299 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1300 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1301 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1305 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1306 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1307 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1308 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1309 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1312 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1313 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1316 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1317 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1321 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1322 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1326 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1327 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1328 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1329 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1331 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1332 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1333 sandbox if successful.
1335 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1336 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1337 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1338 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1339 an unprivileged user.
1342 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1343 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1344 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1345 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1346 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1347 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1348 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1349 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1350 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1351 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1352 to which you should answer yes.
1355 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1356 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1357 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1358 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1359 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1362 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1363 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1364 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1367 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1368 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1371 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1372 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1373 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1374 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1375 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1376 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1377 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1380 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1381 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1382 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1383 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1384 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1385 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1388 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1389 if you require the GPL compiler.
1392 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1393 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1394 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1397 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1398 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1399 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1403 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1404 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1405 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1406 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1407 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1408 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1411 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1412 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1413 which only require one chipset support.
1415 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1419 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1420 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1421 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1423 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1424 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1427 * load the chip modules in question
1428 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1430 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1431 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1433 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1436 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1437 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1438 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1440 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1441 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1442 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1444 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1445 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1446 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1447 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1448 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1449 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1450 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1451 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1454 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1455 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1456 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1459 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1460 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1461 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1464 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1465 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1466 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1467 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1468 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1469 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1470 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1473 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1474 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1475 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1476 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1479 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1480 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1481 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1484 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1485 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1486 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1489 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1490 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1492 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1493 via one of the following methods:
1494 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1495 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1496 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1497 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1499 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1502 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1503 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1504 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1505 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1509 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1510 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1511 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1512 be prefixed with colon.
1515 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1516 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1517 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1520 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1521 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1522 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1525 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1526 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1527 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1531 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1535 MCA bus support has been removed.
1538 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1539 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1542 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1543 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1546 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1547 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1548 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1552 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1553 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1554 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1557 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1558 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1559 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1562 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1563 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1564 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1567 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1568 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1569 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1570 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1573 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1574 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1576 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1577 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1580 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1581 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1582 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1586 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1587 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1588 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1591 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1592 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1595 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1596 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1597 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1598 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1601 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1602 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1603 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1604 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1605 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1608 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1611 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1612 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1613 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1614 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1617 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1618 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1619 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1623 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1624 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1625 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1626 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1627 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1631 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1632 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1635 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1638 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1639 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1640 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1641 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1642 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1643 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1647 CAM now strips the leading spaces from each SCSI disk's serial number.
1648 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1649 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1650 previously contained a line like
1651 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1652 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1653 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1657 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1658 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1659 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1660 built with the old headers.
1663 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1664 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1665 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1666 installing a new libc.
1669 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1670 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1671 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1672 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1673 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1674 packages will be needed.
1676 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1677 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1678 and the install steps.
1681 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1682 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1683 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1684 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1685 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1686 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1689 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1690 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1691 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1692 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1693 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1695 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1696 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1697 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1698 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1699 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1701 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1702 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1703 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1704 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1705 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1706 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1709 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1710 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1711 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1712 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1713 quirks entry to 0x3.
1716 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1717 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1718 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1721 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1722 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1725 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1726 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1727 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1728 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1729 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1730 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1731 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1732 stale .depend files.
1735 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1736 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1737 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1741 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1742 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1743 make -C sys/boot install
1744 <reboot in single user>
1746 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1750 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1751 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1752 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1755 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1756 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1757 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1758 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1759 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1760 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1763 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1764 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1765 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1766 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1767 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1770 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1771 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1772 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1773 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1774 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1777 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1778 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1781 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1782 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1783 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1786 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1787 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1788 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1792 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1793 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1794 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1795 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1796 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1797 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1800 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1801 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1802 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1803 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1807 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1808 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1809 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1812 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1813 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1814 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1816 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1817 collation results will be different.
1819 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1820 locales before running make installworld.
1822 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1825 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1826 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1829 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1830 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1831 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1834 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1835 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1836 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1837 and 'make -N' will not.
1840 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1841 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1842 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1843 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1844 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1845 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1846 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1847 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1850 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1851 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1852 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1853 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1856 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1857 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1858 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1861 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1862 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1863 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1864 userland debug files.
1866 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1867 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1868 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1870 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1871 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1874 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1875 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1876 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1877 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1878 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1879 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1882 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1883 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1884 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1887 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1888 them, the kernel must have
1891 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1893 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1894 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1895 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1896 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1898 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1899 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1902 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1903 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1904 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1907 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1908 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1909 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1910 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1912 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1913 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1914 difference with this change.
1916 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1917 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1918 remove that workaround.
1921 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1922 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1923 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1926 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1929 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1930 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1931 loader.rc.local instead.
1934 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1935 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1936 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1939 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1940 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1941 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1943 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1944 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1947 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1948 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1949 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1950 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1951 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1952 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1953 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1954 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1955 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1956 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1957 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1958 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1961 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1962 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1964 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1965 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1966 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1968 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1969 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1971 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1972 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1973 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1975 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1976 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1977 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1978 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1980 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1981 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1982 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1983 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1985 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1986 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1987 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1988 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1989 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1990 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1991 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1992 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1996 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1997 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
2000 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
2001 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
2004 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
2005 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
2006 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
2007 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
2008 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
2011 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
2012 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
2013 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
2014 with Kyuafile and kyua.
2017 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
2018 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
2019 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
2020 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
2021 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
2022 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
2023 2048 bit DH parameter by:
2025 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
2026 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
2027 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
2028 replace it with '2'.
2029 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
2030 a file path, create a new file with:
2031 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
2032 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
2033 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
2034 5. Restart sendmail:
2035 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
2037 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
2041 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
2042 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
2043 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
2044 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
2047 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
2050 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
2051 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
2052 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2055 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
2056 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
2059 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
2060 same but content is different now
2061 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
2062 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
2063 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
2064 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
2065 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
2068 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
2069 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
2070 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
2073 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
2074 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
2077 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
2078 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
2081 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
2082 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
2083 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
2086 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
2087 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
2088 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
2089 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
2092 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
2093 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
2094 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2097 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2098 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
2099 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
2100 kernel before rebooting.
2103 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
2104 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
2105 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
2106 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
2107 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
2108 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
2111 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
2112 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
2113 with the new kernel.
2116 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2117 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
2118 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
2121 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
2122 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
2123 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
2124 are not already using 3.5.0.
2127 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
2128 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
2129 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
2130 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
2131 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
2134 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
2135 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
2136 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
2137 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
2140 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
2141 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
2144 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
2146 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
2147 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
2148 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
2149 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
2150 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
2151 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
2154 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
2155 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
2158 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
2159 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
2160 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
2161 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
2163 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
2164 the instructions for 9.x above.
2166 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
2167 default, and do not build clang.
2169 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
2170 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
2171 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
2173 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2174 the following are most likely to appear:
2178 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2179 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2180 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2181 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
2182 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2183 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2184 cast, or disable the warning.
2186 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2187 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2188 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2189 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2192 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2193 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
2195 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2196 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2197 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2198 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2200 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2201 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2202 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2203 unreachable could be optimized away.
2206 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2207 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2208 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2209 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2210 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2211 the utilities will report errors.
2214 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2215 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2216 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2217 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2218 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2222 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2223 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2226 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2227 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2228 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2231 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2232 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2233 indicate what you need to do.
2235 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2236 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2237 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2239 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2240 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2244 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2245 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2249 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2250 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2254 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2258 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2259 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2260 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2261 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2262 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2263 their next update cycle.
2266 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2267 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2268 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2269 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2273 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2274 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2277 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2278 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2279 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2280 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2281 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2285 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2286 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2288 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2291 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2292 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2293 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2294 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2298 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2299 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2303 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2304 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2305 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2306 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2307 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2310 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2311 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2312 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2315 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2316 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2317 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2320 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2321 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2322 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2323 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2324 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2325 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2326 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2327 "make installworld".
2329 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2330 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2331 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2334 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2335 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2336 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2337 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2338 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2341 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2344 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2345 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2349 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2350 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2351 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2352 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2353 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2354 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2355 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2356 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2357 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2358 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2359 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2360 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2362 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2363 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2364 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2368 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2369 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2372 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2373 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2374 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2375 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2376 build hosts for older releases.
2378 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2379 r276991, respectively.
2382 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2383 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2384 will silently lack HESIOD.
2387 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2388 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2389 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2390 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2391 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2392 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2393 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2394 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2395 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2396 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2397 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2398 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2401 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2402 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2403 with command line option -W.
2406 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2407 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2408 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2409 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2410 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2413 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2416 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2417 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2420 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2421 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2422 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2423 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2424 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2427 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2428 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2429 kernel is still highly recommended.
2432 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2433 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2434 capability mode support in kernel.
2437 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2438 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2439 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2440 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2441 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2444 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2445 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2446 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2447 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2448 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2449 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2452 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2453 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2454 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2455 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2456 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2457 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2458 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2459 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2460 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2463 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2464 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2465 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2466 should change your settings to use the latter.
2469 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2470 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2471 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2472 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2473 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2476 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2477 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2478 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2480 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2482 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2485 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2492 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2493 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2494 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2495 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2496 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2497 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2498 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2499 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2501 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2502 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2503 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2504 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2505 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2506 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2507 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2508 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2511 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2512 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2513 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2514 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2517 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2518 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2519 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2520 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2522 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2523 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2524 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2525 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2526 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2527 should write them with this in mind.
2531 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2534 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2535 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2537 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2539 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2540 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2541 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2542 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2545 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2549 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2550 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2551 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2553 make kernel-toolchain
2554 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2555 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2557 To test a kernel once
2558 ---------------------
2559 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2560 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2561 debugging information) run
2562 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2563 nextboot -k testkernel
2565 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2566 -----------------------------------------------------------
2567 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2568 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2570 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2572 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2573 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2575 <reboot in single user> [3]
2582 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2583 --------------------------------------------------
2584 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2585 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2586 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2589 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2592 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2593 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2594 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2595 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2596 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2597 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2598 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2599 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2600 <reboot into current>
2601 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2602 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2606 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2607 ----------------------------------------------
2608 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2610 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2611 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2613 <reboot in single user> [3]
2620 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2621 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2622 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2623 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2624 the UPDATING entries.
2626 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2627 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2628 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2629 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2630 much fewer pitfalls.
2632 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2633 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2634 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2635 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2636 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2637 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2638 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2639 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2641 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2643 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2647 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2648 cd src # full path to source
2649 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2650 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2651 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2653 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2654 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2655 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2656 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2657 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2658 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2660 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2661 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2664 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2665 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2666 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2668 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2669 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2670 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2671 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2672 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2673 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2674 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2675 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2677 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2678 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2679 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2682 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2683 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2684 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2686 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2687 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2688 warn if it is improperly defined.
2691 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2692 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2693 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2694 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2695 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2697 Copyright information:
2699 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2701 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2702 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2703 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2705 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2706 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2707 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2708 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2709 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2710 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2711 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2712 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2713 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2714 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2715 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2717 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of