1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
17 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
18 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
19 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
20 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
21 to update your sources past the above hash and do
24 % sudo -E make install
25 to enable building kernels again.
28 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
29 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
30 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
31 the "minorversion" mount option.
32 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
33 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
37 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
38 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
41 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
42 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
43 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
44 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
45 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
46 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
50 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
51 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
53 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
56 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
57 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
61 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
62 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
63 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
64 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
65 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
66 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
69 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
70 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
74 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
77 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
78 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
79 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
80 since it was bumped so recently.
83 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
84 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
85 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
86 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
89 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
90 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
91 requires a clean build.
94 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
95 instructions can be found at
96 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
97 and other documents in that repo.
100 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
101 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
102 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
103 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
106 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
107 may be installed from ports or packages.
110 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
111 See ping(8) for details.
114 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
115 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
116 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
118 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
119 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
120 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
121 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
122 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
125 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
126 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
127 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
128 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
129 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
133 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
134 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
135 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
136 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
138 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
139 command you want to un-auger the tree is
142 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
143 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
146 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
147 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
148 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
149 unless you want to use new features.
151 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
152 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
153 rebuilding world may fail.
155 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
156 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
158 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
159 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
160 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
161 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
164 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
165 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
166 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
167 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
170 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
171 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
175 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
176 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
179 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
180 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
181 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
182 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
185 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
186 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
187 from sources, so a version bump was done.
190 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
191 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
192 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
193 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
196 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
197 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
198 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
199 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
200 continue to function.
202 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
203 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
204 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
205 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
208 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
209 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
210 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
211 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
212 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
213 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
214 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
217 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
218 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
221 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
222 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
223 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
226 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
227 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
228 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
229 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
231 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
232 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
233 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
234 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
238 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
239 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
240 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
241 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
244 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
245 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
248 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
249 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
250 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
251 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
252 be functional without closefrom(2).
255 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
256 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
257 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
258 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
259 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
260 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
263 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
264 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
265 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
266 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
269 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
270 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
271 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
274 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
277 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
278 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
279 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
282 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
283 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
286 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
287 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
288 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
292 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
293 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
297 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
298 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
299 together with their new kernel.
302 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
303 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
304 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
306 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
307 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
310 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
314 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
315 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
316 external toolchain package.
319 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
320 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
321 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
322 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
323 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
326 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
327 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
328 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
329 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
332 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
333 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
334 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
338 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
341 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
342 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
343 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
344 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
347 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
348 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
349 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
352 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
353 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
354 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
355 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
356 differences between those included in the port and those included in
357 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
358 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
359 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
362 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
363 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
367 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
368 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
369 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
370 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
371 add superio to the set.
374 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
375 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
378 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
379 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
380 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
381 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
382 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
383 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
384 completely in the future.
387 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
388 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
389 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
390 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
391 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
392 will be removed from the list.
395 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
396 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
397 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
398 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
401 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
402 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
403 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
404 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
407 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
408 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
409 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
410 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
413 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
414 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
415 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
418 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
419 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
420 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
421 your scripts, because they had no effect.
423 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
424 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
425 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
426 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
427 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
430 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
431 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
432 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
433 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
434 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
435 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
436 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
439 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
440 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
441 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
442 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
445 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
446 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
447 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
448 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
451 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
452 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
453 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
456 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
457 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
458 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
459 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
460 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
461 avoid running into the limit.
464 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
465 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
468 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
469 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
470 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
471 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
472 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
473 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
476 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
477 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
480 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
481 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
482 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
483 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
484 availability properties.
486 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
487 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
488 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
489 initial condition, if desired.
491 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
492 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
494 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
495 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
496 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
497 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
500 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
501 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
502 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
503 therefore unblocked).
506 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
507 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
508 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
509 is added to the command line.
510 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
511 not affected and should continue to work.
514 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
515 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
516 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
517 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
520 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
521 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
522 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
526 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
527 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
531 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
532 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
533 migrating to the drm ports.
536 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
537 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
538 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
539 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
540 is loaded automatically.
543 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
544 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
545 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
549 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
550 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
551 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
552 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
555 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
556 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
557 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
558 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
559 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
563 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
564 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
565 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
567 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
568 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
570 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
571 removed from the mips port.
574 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
575 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
576 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
580 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
581 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
584 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
585 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
586 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
587 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
590 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
591 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
592 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
595 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
596 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
597 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
601 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
602 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
603 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
605 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
606 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
607 being included using the command:
611 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
612 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
615 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
616 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
617 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
618 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
619 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
620 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
621 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
622 that as you will get better support.
624 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
625 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
626 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
627 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
629 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
630 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
631 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
632 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
636 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
637 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
638 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
639 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
640 be adjusted as necessary.
643 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
644 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
645 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
646 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
649 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
650 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
651 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
652 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
656 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
657 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
658 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
659 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
663 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
664 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
665 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
666 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
667 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
668 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
671 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
672 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
673 default since FreeBSD-11.
676 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
677 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
678 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
681 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
682 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
683 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
684 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
685 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
686 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
687 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
689 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
690 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
693 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
694 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
695 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
696 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
697 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
698 may not be observed in a future release.
701 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
702 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
706 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
707 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
708 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
709 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
712 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
713 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
714 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
715 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
719 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
720 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
721 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
724 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
725 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
726 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
727 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
728 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
731 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
732 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
733 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
734 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
735 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
736 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
739 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
740 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
741 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
745 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
746 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
747 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
750 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
751 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
752 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
753 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
754 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
755 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
756 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
757 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
758 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
759 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
763 Big endian arm support has been removed.
766 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
767 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
768 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
769 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
770 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
773 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
774 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
775 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
776 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
777 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
778 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
781 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
782 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
785 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
786 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
787 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
788 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
789 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
790 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
791 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
794 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
795 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
796 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
800 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
801 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
802 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
806 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
807 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
810 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
811 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
815 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
816 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
817 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
818 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
821 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
822 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
823 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
827 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
828 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
829 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
833 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
834 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
835 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
836 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
837 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
838 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
841 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
842 workaround is necessary.
845 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
846 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
847 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
848 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
851 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
852 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
853 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
854 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
855 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
858 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
859 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
860 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
861 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
864 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
865 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
866 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
870 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
871 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
875 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
876 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
880 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
881 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
882 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
883 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
884 microseconds and time zone offsets.
886 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
887 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
888 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
889 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
890 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
891 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
892 adjustments, depending on the software used.
894 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
895 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
898 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
901 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
902 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
903 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
905 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
907 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
908 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
909 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
910 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
911 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
912 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
913 thus expected to continue to function as before.
915 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
919 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
920 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
921 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
924 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
925 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
926 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
927 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
928 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
929 should be as simple as:
931 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
932 $ make depend all install
935 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
936 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
937 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
938 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
939 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
940 provisions for backup boot methods.
943 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
944 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
945 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
949 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
950 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
951 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
955 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
956 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
957 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
959 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
960 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
963 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
964 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
965 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
966 remove it from kernel config files.
969 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
970 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
971 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
973 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
974 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
977 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
978 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
979 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
980 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
983 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
984 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
987 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
988 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
989 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
990 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
993 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
994 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
995 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
996 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
997 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
998 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1001 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1002 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1003 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1006 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1007 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1008 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1009 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1010 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1013 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1014 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1015 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1016 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1017 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1021 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1022 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1023 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1024 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1025 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1026 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1027 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1028 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1029 than hardcoding paths.
1032 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1033 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1034 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1037 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1038 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1039 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1040 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1043 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1044 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1047 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1048 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1049 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1050 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1053 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1054 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1055 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1056 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1057 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1060 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1061 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1062 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1063 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1067 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1068 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1069 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1070 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1071 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1074 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1075 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1078 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1079 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1083 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1084 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1088 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1089 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1090 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1091 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1093 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1094 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1095 sandbox if successful.
1097 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1098 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1099 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1100 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1101 an unprivileged user.
1104 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1105 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1106 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1107 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1108 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1109 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1110 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1111 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1112 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1113 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1114 to which you should answer yes.
1117 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1118 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1119 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1120 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1121 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1124 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1125 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1126 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1129 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1130 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1133 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1134 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1135 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1136 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1137 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1138 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1139 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1142 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1143 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1144 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1145 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1146 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1147 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1150 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1151 if you require the GPL compiler.
1154 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1155 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1156 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1159 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1160 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1161 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1165 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1166 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1167 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1168 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1169 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1170 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1173 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1174 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1175 which only require one chipset support.
1177 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1181 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1182 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1183 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1185 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1186 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1189 * load the chip modules in question
1190 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1192 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1193 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1195 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1198 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1199 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1200 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1202 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1203 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1204 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1206 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1207 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1208 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1209 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1210 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1211 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1212 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1213 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1216 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1217 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1218 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1221 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1222 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1223 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1226 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1227 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1228 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1229 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1230 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1231 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1232 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1235 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1236 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1237 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1238 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1241 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1242 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1243 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1246 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1247 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1248 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1251 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1252 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1254 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1255 via one of the following methods:
1256 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1257 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1258 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1259 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1261 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1264 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1265 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1266 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1267 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1271 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1272 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1273 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1274 be prefixed with colon.
1277 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1278 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1279 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1282 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1283 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1284 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1287 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1288 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1289 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1293 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1297 MCA bus support has been removed.
1300 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1301 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1304 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1305 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1308 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1309 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1310 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1314 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1315 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1316 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1319 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1320 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1321 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1324 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1325 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1326 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1329 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1330 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1331 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1332 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1335 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1336 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1338 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1339 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1342 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1343 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1344 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1348 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1349 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1350 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1353 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1354 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1357 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1358 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1359 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1360 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1363 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1364 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1365 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1366 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1367 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1370 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1373 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1374 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1375 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1376 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1379 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1380 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1381 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1385 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1386 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1387 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1388 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1389 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1393 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1394 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1397 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1400 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1401 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1402 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1403 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1404 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1405 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1409 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1410 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1411 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1412 previously contained a line like
1413 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1414 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1415 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1419 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1420 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1421 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1422 built with the old headers.
1425 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1426 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1427 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1428 installing a new libc.
1431 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1432 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1433 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1434 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1435 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1436 packages will be needed.
1438 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1439 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1440 and the install steps.
1443 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1444 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1445 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1446 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1447 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1448 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1451 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1452 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1453 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1454 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1455 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1457 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1458 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1459 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1460 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1461 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1463 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1464 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1465 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1466 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1467 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1468 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1471 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1472 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1473 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1474 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1475 quirks entry to 0x3.
1478 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1479 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1480 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1483 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1484 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1487 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1488 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1489 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1490 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1491 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1492 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1493 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1494 stale .depend files.
1497 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1498 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1499 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1503 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1504 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1505 make -C sys/boot install
1506 <reboot in single user>
1508 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1512 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1513 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1514 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1517 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1518 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1519 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1520 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1521 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1522 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1525 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1526 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1527 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1528 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1529 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1532 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1533 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1534 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1535 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1536 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1539 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1540 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1543 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1544 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1545 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1548 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1549 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1550 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1554 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1555 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1556 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1557 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1558 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1559 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1562 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1563 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1564 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1565 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1569 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1570 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1571 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1574 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1575 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1576 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1578 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1579 collation results will be different.
1581 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1582 locales before running make installworld.
1584 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1587 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1588 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1591 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1592 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1593 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1596 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1597 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1598 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1599 and 'make -N' will not.
1602 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1603 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1604 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1605 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1606 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1607 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1608 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1609 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1612 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1613 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1614 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1615 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1618 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1619 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1620 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1623 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1624 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1625 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1626 userland debug files.
1628 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1629 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1630 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1632 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1633 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1636 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1637 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1638 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1639 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1640 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1641 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1644 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1645 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1646 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1649 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1650 them, the kernel must have
1653 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1655 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1656 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1657 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1658 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1660 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1661 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1664 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1665 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1666 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1669 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1670 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1671 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1672 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1674 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1675 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1676 difference with this change.
1678 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1679 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1680 remove that workaround.
1683 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1684 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1685 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1688 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1691 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1692 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1693 loader.rc.local instead.
1696 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1697 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1698 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1701 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1702 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1703 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1705 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1706 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1709 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1710 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1711 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1712 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1713 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1714 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1715 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1716 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1717 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1718 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1719 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1720 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1723 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1724 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1726 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1727 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1728 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1730 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1731 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1733 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1734 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1735 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1737 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1738 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1739 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1740 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1742 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1743 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1744 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1745 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1747 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1748 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1749 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1750 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1751 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1752 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1753 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1754 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1758 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1759 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1762 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1763 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1766 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1767 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1768 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1769 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1770 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1773 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1774 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1775 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1776 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1779 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1780 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1781 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1782 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1783 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1784 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1785 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1787 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1788 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1789 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1790 replace it with '2'.
1791 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1792 a file path, create a new file with:
1793 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1794 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1795 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1796 5. Restart sendmail:
1797 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1799 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1803 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1804 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1805 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1806 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1809 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1812 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1813 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1814 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1817 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1818 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1821 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1822 same but content is different now
1823 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1824 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1825 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1826 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1827 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1830 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1831 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1832 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1835 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1836 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1839 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1840 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1843 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1844 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1845 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1848 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1849 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1850 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1851 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1854 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1855 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1856 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1859 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1860 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1861 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1862 kernel before rebooting.
1865 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1866 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1867 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1868 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1869 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1870 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1873 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1874 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1875 with the new kernel.
1878 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1879 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1880 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1883 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1884 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1885 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1886 are not already using 3.5.0.
1889 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1890 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1891 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1892 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1893 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1896 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1897 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1898 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1899 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1902 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1903 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1906 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1908 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1909 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1910 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1911 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1912 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1913 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1916 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1917 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1920 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1921 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1922 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1923 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1925 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1926 the instructions for 9.x above.
1928 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1929 default, and do not build clang.
1931 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1932 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1933 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1935 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1936 the following are most likely to appear:
1940 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1941 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1942 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1943 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1944 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1945 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1946 cast, or disable the warning.
1948 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1949 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1950 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1951 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1954 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1955 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1957 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1958 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1959 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1960 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1962 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1963 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1964 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1965 unreachable could be optimized away.
1968 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1969 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1970 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1971 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1972 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1973 the utilities will report errors.
1976 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1977 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1978 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1979 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1980 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1984 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1985 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1988 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1989 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1990 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1993 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1994 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1995 indicate what you need to do.
1997 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1998 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1999 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2001 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2002 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2006 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2007 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2011 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2012 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2016 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2020 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2021 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2022 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2023 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2024 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2025 their next update cycle.
2028 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2029 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2030 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2031 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2035 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2036 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2039 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2040 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2041 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2042 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2043 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2047 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2048 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2050 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2053 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2054 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2055 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2056 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2060 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2061 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2065 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2066 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2067 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2068 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2069 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2072 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2073 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2074 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2077 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2078 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2079 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2082 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2083 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2084 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2085 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2086 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2087 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2088 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2089 "make installworld".
2091 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2092 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2093 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2096 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2097 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2098 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2099 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2100 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2103 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2106 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2107 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2111 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2112 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2113 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2114 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2115 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2116 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2117 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2118 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2119 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2120 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2121 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2122 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2124 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2125 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2126 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2130 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2131 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2134 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2135 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2136 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2137 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2138 build hosts for older releases.
2140 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2141 r276991, respectively.
2144 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2145 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2146 will silently lack HESIOD.
2149 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2150 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2151 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2152 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2153 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2154 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2155 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2156 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2157 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2158 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2159 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2160 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2163 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2164 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2165 with command line option -W.
2168 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2169 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2170 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2171 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2172 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2175 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2178 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2179 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2182 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2183 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2184 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2185 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2186 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2189 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2190 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2191 kernel is still highly recommended.
2194 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2195 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2196 capability mode support in kernel.
2199 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2200 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2201 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2202 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2203 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2206 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2207 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2208 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2209 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2210 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2211 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2214 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2215 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2216 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2217 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2218 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2219 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2220 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2221 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2222 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2225 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2226 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2227 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2228 should change your settings to use the latter.
2231 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2232 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2233 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2234 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2235 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2238 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2239 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2240 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2242 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2244 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2247 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2254 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2255 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2256 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2257 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2258 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2259 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2260 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2261 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2263 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2264 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2265 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2266 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2267 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2268 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2269 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2270 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2273 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2274 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2275 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2276 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2279 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2280 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2281 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2282 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2284 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2285 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2286 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2287 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2288 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2289 should write them with this in mind.
2293 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2296 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2297 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2299 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2301 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2302 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2303 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2304 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2307 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2311 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2312 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2313 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2315 make kernel-toolchain
2316 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2317 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2319 To test a kernel once
2320 ---------------------
2321 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2322 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2323 debugging information) run
2324 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2325 nextboot -k testkernel
2327 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2328 -----------------------------------------------------------
2329 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2330 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2332 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2334 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2335 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2337 <reboot in single user> [3]
2344 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2345 --------------------------------------------------
2346 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2347 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2348 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2351 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2354 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2355 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2356 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2357 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2358 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2359 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2360 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2361 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2362 <reboot into current>
2363 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2364 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2368 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2369 ----------------------------------------------
2370 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2372 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2373 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2375 <reboot in single user> [3]
2382 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2383 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2384 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2385 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2386 the UPDATING entries.
2388 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2389 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2390 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2391 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2392 much fewer pitfalls.
2394 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2395 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2396 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2397 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2398 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2399 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2400 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2401 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2403 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2405 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2409 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2410 cd src # full path to source
2411 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2412 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2413 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2415 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2416 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2417 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2418 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2419 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2420 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2421 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2423 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2424 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2425 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2426 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2427 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2428 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2430 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2431 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2432 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2434 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2435 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2436 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2437 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2438 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2439 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2440 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2441 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2443 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2444 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2445 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2448 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2449 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2450 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2452 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2453 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2454 warn if it is improperly defined.
2457 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2458 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2459 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2460 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2461 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2463 Copyright information:
2465 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2467 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2468 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2469 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2471 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2472 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2473 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2474 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2475 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2476 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2477 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2478 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2479 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2480 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2481 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2483 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of