1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
16 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
17 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
18 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
19 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1300524 to
23 Commit 18f5b477ee66 adds two arguments to VOP_ALLOCATE().
24 Normally changes to VOP calls are not MFC'd, but a
25 discussion on freebsd-current@ seemed to agree that
26 it was acceptable in this case, to fix the NFSv4.2 server.
27 Any out of source tree file system with a custom
28 VOP_ALLOCATE() call will need to be modified.
29 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300523 since the NFS modules need
30 to be rebuilt from sources.
33 Commit 6e8e261f0d4e changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
34 modules. As such, all the modules must be rebuilt from sources.
35 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1300522.
38 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300521 after merging LinuxKPI and
39 net80211 changes in order to support building various wireless
40 drivers. This is to help other external consumers of LinuxKPI
41 and net80211 to deal accordingly.
44 Commit a599f9f7620b deleted the variable called nfs_maxcopyrange
45 from nfscommon.ko, since it no longer needs to be global. As such,
46 the other nfs modules must be rebuilt from up to date sources.
47 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300516 for this.
50 As of commit 622809b0868f OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
51 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
52 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
53 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
54 application-specific configuration option for applications
55 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
58 Commits 9fb6e613373c and 9ec7dbf46b0a both changed the internal
59 KAPI between the NFS modules. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300514.
60 All NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources.
63 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
64 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
65 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
66 past c021ff986e2b without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
69 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1300512 after merging LinuxKPI, OFED,
70 net80211, and driver changes in order to support building
71 Intel wireless iwlwifi drivers. This is especially needed for
72 drm-kmod which needs updates after this.
75 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
76 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
77 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
78 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
79 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
80 to update your sources past the above hash and do
83 % sudo -E make install
84 to enable building kernels again.
87 Commit 8a04edfdcbd2 changes the default minor version
88 used for NFSv4 mounts to the highest minor version supported
89 by the NFSv4 server. This default can be overridden by using
90 the "minorversion" mount option.
91 The consensus of a discussion on freebsd-current@ indicated
92 that this would be acceptable to do and would not be considered
96 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
97 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
100 Commit ca179c4d74f2/632e3f2f3a66 changed the package in which
101 the OpenSSL libraries and utilities are packaged.
102 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
103 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
104 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
105 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
109 Commit 841006678745 changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
110 and nfsd modules. As such, they must both be rebuilt from
112 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1300510.
115 Commit 272f39942254 changed the internal KAPI between the
116 nscl.ko and nfscommon.ko modules, so they both need to be
117 rebuilt from sources.
120 Commit 5a45802b3c8c changed the internal KAPI between
121 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
122 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
123 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
124 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
125 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
128 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
129 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
133 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
136 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
137 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
138 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
139 since it was bumped so recently.
142 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
143 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
144 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
145 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
148 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
149 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
150 requires a clean build.
153 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
154 instructions can be found at
155 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
156 and other documents in that repo.
159 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
160 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
161 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
162 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
165 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
166 may be installed from ports or packages.
169 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
170 See ping(8) for details.
173 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
174 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
175 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
177 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
178 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
179 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
180 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
181 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
184 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
185 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
186 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
187 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
188 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
192 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
193 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
194 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
195 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
197 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
198 command you want to un-auger the tree is
201 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
202 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
205 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
206 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
207 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
208 unless you want to use new features.
210 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
211 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
212 rebuilding world may fail.
214 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
215 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
217 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
218 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
219 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
220 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
223 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
224 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
225 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
226 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
229 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
230 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
234 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
235 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
238 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
239 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
240 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
241 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
244 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
245 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
246 from sources, so a version bump was done.
249 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
250 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
251 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
252 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
255 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
256 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
257 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
258 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
259 continue to function.
261 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
262 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
263 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
264 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
267 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
268 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
269 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
270 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
271 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
272 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
273 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
276 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
277 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
280 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
281 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
282 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
285 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
286 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
287 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
288 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
290 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
291 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
292 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
293 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
297 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
298 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
299 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
300 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
303 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
304 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
307 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
308 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
309 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
310 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
311 be functional without closefrom(2).
314 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
315 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
316 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
317 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
318 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
319 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
322 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
323 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
324 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
325 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
328 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
329 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
330 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
333 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
336 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
337 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
338 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
341 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
342 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
345 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
346 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
347 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
351 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
352 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
356 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
357 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
358 together with their new kernel.
361 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
362 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
363 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
365 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
366 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
369 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
373 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
374 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
375 external toolchain package.
378 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
379 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
380 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
381 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
382 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
385 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
386 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
387 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
388 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
391 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
392 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
393 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
397 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
400 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
401 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
402 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
403 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
406 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
407 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
408 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
411 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
412 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
413 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
414 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
415 differences between those included in the port and those included in
416 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
417 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
418 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
421 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
422 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
426 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
427 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
428 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
429 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
430 add superio to the set.
433 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
434 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
437 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
438 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
439 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
440 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
441 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
442 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
443 completely in the future.
446 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
447 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
448 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
449 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
450 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
451 will be removed from the list.
454 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
455 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
456 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
457 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
460 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
461 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
462 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
463 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
466 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
467 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
468 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
469 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
472 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
473 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
474 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
477 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
478 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
479 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
480 your scripts, because they had no effect.
482 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
483 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
484 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
485 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
486 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
489 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
490 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
491 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
492 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
493 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
494 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
495 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
498 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
499 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
500 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
501 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
504 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
505 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
506 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
507 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
510 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
511 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
512 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
515 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
516 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
517 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
518 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
519 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
520 avoid running into the limit.
523 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
524 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
527 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
528 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
529 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
530 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
531 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
532 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
535 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
536 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
539 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
540 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
541 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
542 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
543 availability properties.
545 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
546 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
547 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
548 initial condition, if desired.
550 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
551 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
553 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
554 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
555 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
556 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
559 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
560 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
561 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
562 therefore unblocked).
565 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
566 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
567 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
568 is added to the command line.
569 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
570 not affected and should continue to work.
573 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
574 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
575 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
576 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
579 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
580 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
581 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
585 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
586 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
590 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
591 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
592 migrating to the drm ports.
595 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
596 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
597 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
598 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
599 is loaded automatically.
602 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
603 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
604 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
608 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
609 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
610 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
611 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
614 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
615 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
616 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
617 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
618 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
622 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
623 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
624 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
626 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
627 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
629 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
630 removed from the mips port.
633 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
634 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
635 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
639 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
640 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
643 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
644 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
645 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
646 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
649 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
650 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
651 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
654 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
655 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
656 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
660 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
661 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
662 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
664 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
665 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
666 being included using the command:
670 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
671 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
674 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
675 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
676 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
677 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
678 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
679 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
680 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
681 that as you will get better support.
683 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
684 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
685 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
686 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
688 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
689 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
690 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
691 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
695 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
696 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
697 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
698 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
699 be adjusted as necessary.
702 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
703 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
704 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
705 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
708 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
709 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
710 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
711 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
715 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
716 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
717 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
718 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
722 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
723 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
724 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
725 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
726 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
727 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
730 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
731 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
732 default since FreeBSD-11.
735 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
736 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
737 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
740 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
741 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
742 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
743 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
744 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
745 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
746 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
748 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
749 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
752 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
753 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
754 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
755 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
756 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
757 may not be observed in a future release.
760 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
761 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
765 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
766 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
767 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
768 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
771 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
772 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
773 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
774 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
778 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
779 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
780 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
783 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
784 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
785 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
786 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
787 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
790 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
791 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
792 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
793 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
794 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
795 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
798 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
799 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
800 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
804 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
805 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
806 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
809 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
810 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
811 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
812 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
813 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
814 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
815 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
816 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
817 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
818 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
822 Big endian arm support has been removed.
825 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
826 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
827 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
828 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
829 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
832 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
833 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
834 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
835 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
836 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
837 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
840 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
841 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
844 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
845 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
846 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
847 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
848 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
849 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
850 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
853 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
854 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
855 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
859 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
860 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
861 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
865 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
866 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
869 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
870 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
874 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
875 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
876 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
877 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
880 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
881 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
882 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
886 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
887 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
888 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
892 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
893 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
894 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
895 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
896 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
897 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
900 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
901 workaround is necessary.
904 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
905 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
906 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
907 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
910 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
911 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
912 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
913 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
914 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
917 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
918 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
919 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
920 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
923 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
924 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
925 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
929 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
930 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
934 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
935 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
939 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
940 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
941 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
942 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
943 microseconds and time zone offsets.
945 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
946 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
947 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
948 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
949 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
950 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
951 adjustments, depending on the software used.
953 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
954 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
957 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
960 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
961 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
962 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
964 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
966 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
967 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
968 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
969 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
970 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
971 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
972 thus expected to continue to function as before.
974 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
978 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
979 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
980 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
983 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
984 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
985 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
986 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
987 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
988 should be as simple as:
990 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
991 $ make depend all install
994 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
995 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
996 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
997 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
998 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
999 provisions for backup boot methods.
1002 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1003 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1004 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1008 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1009 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1010 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1014 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1015 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1016 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1018 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1019 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1022 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1023 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1024 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1025 remove it from kernel config files.
1028 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1029 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1030 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1032 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1033 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1036 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1037 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1038 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1039 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1042 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1043 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1046 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1047 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1048 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1049 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1052 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1053 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1054 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1055 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1056 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1057 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1060 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1061 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1062 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1065 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1066 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1067 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1068 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1069 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1072 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1073 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1074 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1075 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1076 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1080 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1081 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1082 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1083 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1084 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1085 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1086 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1087 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1088 than hardcoding paths.
1091 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1092 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1093 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1096 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1097 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1098 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1099 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1102 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1103 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1106 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1107 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1108 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1109 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1112 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1113 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1114 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1115 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1116 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1119 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1120 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1121 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1122 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1126 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1127 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1128 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1129 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1130 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1133 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1134 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1137 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1138 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1142 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1143 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1147 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1148 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1149 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1150 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1152 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1153 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1154 sandbox if successful.
1156 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1157 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1158 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1159 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1160 an unprivileged user.
1163 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1164 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1165 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1166 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1167 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1168 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1169 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1170 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1171 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1172 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1173 to which you should answer yes.
1176 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1177 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1178 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1179 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1180 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1183 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1184 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1185 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1188 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1189 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1192 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1193 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1194 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1195 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1196 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1197 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1198 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1201 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1202 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1203 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1204 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1205 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1206 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1209 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1210 if you require the GPL compiler.
1213 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1214 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1215 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1218 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1219 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1220 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1224 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1225 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1226 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1227 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1228 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1229 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1232 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1233 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1234 which only require one chipset support.
1236 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1240 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1241 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1242 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1244 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1245 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1248 * load the chip modules in question
1249 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1251 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1252 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1254 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1257 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1258 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1259 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1261 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1262 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1263 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1265 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1266 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1267 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1268 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1269 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1270 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1271 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1272 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1275 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1276 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1277 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1280 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1281 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1282 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1285 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1286 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1287 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1288 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1289 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1290 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1291 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1294 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1295 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1296 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1297 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1300 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1301 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1302 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1305 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1306 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1307 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1310 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1311 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1313 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1314 via one of the following methods:
1315 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1316 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1317 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1318 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1320 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1323 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1324 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1325 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1326 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1330 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1331 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1332 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1333 be prefixed with colon.
1336 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1337 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1338 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1341 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1342 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1343 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1346 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1347 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1348 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1352 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1356 MCA bus support has been removed.
1359 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1360 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1363 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1364 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1367 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1368 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1369 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1373 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1374 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1375 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1378 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1379 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1380 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1383 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1384 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1385 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1388 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1389 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1390 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1391 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1394 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1395 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1397 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1398 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1401 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1402 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1403 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1407 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1408 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1409 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1412 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1413 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1416 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1417 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1418 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1419 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1422 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1423 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1424 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1425 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1426 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1429 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1432 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1433 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1434 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1435 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1438 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1439 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1440 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1444 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1445 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1446 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1447 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1448 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1452 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1453 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1456 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1459 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1460 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1461 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1462 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1463 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1464 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1468 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1469 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1470 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1471 previously contained a line like
1472 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1473 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1474 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1478 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1479 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1480 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1481 built with the old headers.
1484 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1485 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1486 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1487 installing a new libc.
1490 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1491 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1492 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1493 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1494 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1495 packages will be needed.
1497 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1498 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1499 and the install steps.
1502 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1503 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1504 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1505 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1506 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1507 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1510 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1511 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1512 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1513 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1514 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1516 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1517 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1518 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1519 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1520 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1522 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1523 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1524 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1525 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1526 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1527 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1530 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1531 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1532 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1533 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1534 quirks entry to 0x3.
1537 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1538 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1539 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1542 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1543 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1546 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1547 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1548 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1549 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1550 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1551 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1552 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1553 stale .depend files.
1556 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1557 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1558 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1562 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1563 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1564 make -C sys/boot install
1565 <reboot in single user>
1567 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1571 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1572 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1573 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1576 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1577 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1578 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1579 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1580 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1581 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1584 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1585 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1586 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1587 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1588 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1591 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1592 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1593 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1594 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1595 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1598 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1599 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1602 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1603 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1604 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1607 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1608 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1609 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1613 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1614 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1615 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1616 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1617 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1618 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1621 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1622 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1623 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1624 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1628 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1629 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1630 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1633 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1634 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1635 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1637 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1638 collation results will be different.
1640 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1641 locales before running make installworld.
1643 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1646 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1647 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1650 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1651 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1652 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1655 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1656 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1657 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1658 and 'make -N' will not.
1661 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1662 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1663 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1664 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1665 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1666 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1667 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1668 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1671 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1672 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1673 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1674 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1677 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1678 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1679 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1682 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1683 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1684 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1685 userland debug files.
1687 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1688 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1689 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1691 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1692 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1695 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1696 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1697 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1698 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1699 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1700 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1703 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1704 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1705 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1708 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1709 them, the kernel must have
1712 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1714 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1715 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1716 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1717 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1719 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1720 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1723 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1724 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1725 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1728 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1729 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1730 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1731 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1733 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1734 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1735 difference with this change.
1737 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1738 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1739 remove that workaround.
1742 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1743 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1744 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1747 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1750 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1751 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1752 loader.rc.local instead.
1755 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1756 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1757 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1760 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1761 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1762 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1764 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1765 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1768 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1769 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1770 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1771 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1772 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1773 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1774 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1775 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1776 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1777 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1778 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1779 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1782 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1783 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1785 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1786 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1787 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1789 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1790 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1792 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1793 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1794 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1796 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1797 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1798 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1799 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1801 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1802 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1803 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1804 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1806 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1807 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1808 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1809 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1810 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1811 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1812 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1813 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1817 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1818 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1821 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1822 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1825 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1826 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1827 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1828 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1829 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1832 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1833 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1834 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1835 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1838 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1839 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1840 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1841 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1842 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1843 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1844 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1846 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1847 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1848 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1849 replace it with '2'.
1850 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1851 a file path, create a new file with:
1852 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1853 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1854 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1855 5. Restart sendmail:
1856 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1858 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1862 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1863 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1864 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1865 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1868 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1871 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1872 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1873 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1876 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1877 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1880 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1881 same but content is different now
1882 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1883 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1884 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1885 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1886 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1889 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1890 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1891 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1894 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1895 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1898 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1899 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1902 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1903 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1904 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1907 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1908 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1909 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1910 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1913 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1914 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1915 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1918 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1919 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1920 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1921 kernel before rebooting.
1924 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1925 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1926 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1927 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1928 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1929 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1932 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1933 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1934 with the new kernel.
1937 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1938 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1939 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1942 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1943 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1944 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1945 are not already using 3.5.0.
1948 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1949 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1950 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1951 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1952 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1955 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1956 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1957 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1958 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1961 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1962 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1965 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1967 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1968 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1969 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1970 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1971 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1972 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1975 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1976 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1979 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1980 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1981 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1982 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1984 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1985 the instructions for 9.x above.
1987 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1988 default, and do not build clang.
1990 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1991 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1992 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1994 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1995 the following are most likely to appear:
1999 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2000 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2001 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2002 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
2003 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2004 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2005 cast, or disable the warning.
2007 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2008 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2009 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2010 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2013 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2014 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
2016 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2017 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
2018 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2019 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2021 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
2022 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2023 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2024 unreachable could be optimized away.
2027 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2028 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2029 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2030 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2031 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2032 the utilities will report errors.
2035 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2036 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2037 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
2038 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2039 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2043 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2044 has been obsolete for a very long time.
2047 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2048 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2049 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2052 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2053 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2054 indicate what you need to do.
2056 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2057 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2058 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2060 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2061 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2065 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2066 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2070 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2071 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2075 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2079 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2080 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2081 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2082 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2083 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2084 their next update cycle.
2087 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2088 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2089 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2090 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2094 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2095 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2098 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2099 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2100 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2101 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2102 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2106 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2107 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2109 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2112 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2113 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2114 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2115 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2119 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2120 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2124 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2125 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2126 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2127 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2128 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2131 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2132 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2133 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2136 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2137 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2138 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2141 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2142 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2143 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2144 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2145 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2146 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2147 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2148 "make installworld".
2150 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2151 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2152 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2155 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2156 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2157 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2158 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2159 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2162 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2165 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2166 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2170 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2171 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2172 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2173 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2174 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2175 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2176 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2177 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2178 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2179 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2180 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2181 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2183 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2184 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2185 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2189 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2190 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2193 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2194 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2195 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2196 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2197 build hosts for older releases.
2199 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2200 r276991, respectively.
2203 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2204 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2205 will silently lack HESIOD.
2208 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2209 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2210 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2211 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2212 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2213 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2214 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2215 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2216 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2217 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2218 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2219 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2222 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2223 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2224 with command line option -W.
2227 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2228 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2229 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2230 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2231 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2234 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2237 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2238 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2241 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2242 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2243 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2244 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2245 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2248 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2249 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2250 kernel is still highly recommended.
2253 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2254 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2255 capability mode support in kernel.
2258 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2259 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2260 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2261 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2262 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2265 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2266 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2267 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2268 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2269 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2270 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2273 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2274 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2275 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2276 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2277 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2278 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2279 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2280 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2281 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2284 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2285 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2286 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2287 should change your settings to use the latter.
2290 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2291 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2292 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2293 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2294 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2297 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2298 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2299 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2301 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2303 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2306 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2313 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2314 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2315 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2316 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2317 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2318 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2319 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2320 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2322 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2323 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2324 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2325 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2326 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2327 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2328 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2329 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2332 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2333 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2334 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2335 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2338 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2339 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2340 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2341 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2343 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2344 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2345 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2346 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2347 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2348 should write them with this in mind.
2352 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2355 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2356 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2358 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2360 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2361 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2362 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2363 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2366 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2370 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2371 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2372 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2374 make kernel-toolchain
2375 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2376 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2378 To test a kernel once
2379 ---------------------
2380 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2381 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2382 debugging information) run
2383 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2384 nextboot -k testkernel
2386 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2387 -----------------------------------------------------------
2388 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2389 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2391 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2393 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2394 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2396 <reboot in single user> [3]
2403 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2404 --------------------------------------------------
2405 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2406 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2407 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2410 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2413 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2414 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2415 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2416 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2417 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2418 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2419 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2420 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2421 <reboot into current>
2422 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2423 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2427 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2428 ----------------------------------------------
2429 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2431 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2432 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2434 <reboot in single user> [3]
2441 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2442 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2443 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2444 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2445 the UPDATING entries.
2447 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2448 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2449 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2450 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2451 much fewer pitfalls.
2453 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2454 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2455 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2456 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2457 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2458 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2459 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2460 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2462 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2464 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2468 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2469 cd src # full path to source
2470 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2471 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2472 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2474 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2475 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2476 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2477 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2478 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2479 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2480 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2482 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2483 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2484 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2485 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2486 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2487 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2489 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2490 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2491 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2493 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2494 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2495 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2496 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2497 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2498 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2499 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2500 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2502 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2503 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2504 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2507 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2508 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2509 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2511 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2512 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2513 warn if it is improperly defined.
2516 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2517 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2518 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2519 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2520 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2522 Copyright information:
2524 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2526 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2527 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2528 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2530 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2531 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2532 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2533 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2534 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2535 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2536 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2537 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2538 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2539 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2540 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2542 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of