1 Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
32 libsys rather than libc. No change in linkage is required as
33 libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc. People building custom
34 images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
37 Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
38 Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
39 moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
40 loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
42 The following sequencing is applied:
45 /boot/defaults/loader.conf
47 2. Read loader_conf_files files:
51 3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
52 /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
54 4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
55 /boot/loader.conf.local
58 sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged. This version enforces
59 stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
60 endings. This may cause issues with receiving messages from
61 non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
62 contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
65 Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
66 the nfscommon and nfscl modules. As such, both need to be
67 rebuilt from sources. Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
71 If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
72 loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point. Detection of ACPI
73 was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
74 binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
75 undisable ACPI by doing
76 OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
77 This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
78 small window where amd64 was also broken.
81 The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed. When LLD is enabled
82 it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
85 Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
86 "ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
89 Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
90 nfscommon and nfscl modules. Both must be rebuilt from sources.
93 dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
94 time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
95 box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
98 If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
104 The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86. The option
105 has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
106 custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
109 A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
110 behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
111 recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
114 Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
115 default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
118 Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
119 internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
120 installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
121 for these file moves:
123 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
124 pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
128 Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
129 belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
130 loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
131 corresponding kernel environment variables.
134 The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
135 been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
138 FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
141 Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
142 been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
143 practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
146 Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
147 support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
148 set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
149 components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
150 with the serial port at 115200.
153 Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
154 frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
155 integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
156 no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
157 "device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
160 MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
161 Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
164 CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
165 to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
166 BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
167 for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
168 the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
171 stable/14 branch created.
174 The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
175 atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
176 change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
177 file a PR and assign it to imp.
180 OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
181 the base system. It is important to rebuild third-party software
185 To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
186 filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
187 locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
188 delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
190 sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
193 When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
194 filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
197 Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
198 follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
199 authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
200 quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
201 already properly quoted or escaped.
204 Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
205 nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
206 nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
207 in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
208 config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
209 kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf. The default has been nda on
210 all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
211 please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
213 Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
214 migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
217 Remove portsnap(8). Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
221 Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
225 make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
227 where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
230 Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
231 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
232 IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
233 "device imx6_ipu" to it.
234 If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
235 TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
236 If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
240 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
244 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
245 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
246 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
249 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
250 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
253 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
254 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
255 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
258 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
259 system are now built unconditionally.
262 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
263 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
266 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
267 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
269 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
270 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
271 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
274 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
275 to reenable sendmail(8):
277 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
279 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
282 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
283 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
284 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
285 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
286 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
287 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
289 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
292 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
293 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
294 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
297 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
298 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
301 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
302 for pkgbase users to do:
304 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
305 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
307 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
311 OPIE has been removed from the base system. If needed, it can
312 be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
313 Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
314 pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
317 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
318 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
321 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
322 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
323 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
324 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
328 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
329 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
332 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
333 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
334 the coming days and weeks.
336 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
338 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
339 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
340 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
341 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
342 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
345 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
346 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
347 statement in unbound.conf:
348 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
350 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
352 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
353 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
354 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
355 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
356 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
357 such names when roaming to different homenets.
360 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
361 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
362 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
363 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
364 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
365 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
366 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
367 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
368 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
369 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
370 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
373 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
377 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
378 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
379 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
380 may need to be modified.
383 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
384 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
385 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
388 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
389 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
394 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
395 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
396 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
400 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
401 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
402 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
403 list of modules to load on their systems.
406 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
407 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
408 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
409 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
412 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
413 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
414 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
418 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
419 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
420 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
421 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
422 application-specific configuration option for applications
423 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
426 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
427 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
430 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
431 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
432 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
433 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
436 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
437 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
438 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
441 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
442 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
443 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
446 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
447 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
448 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
449 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
450 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
451 to update your sources past the above hash and do
454 % sudo -E make install
455 to enable building kernels again.
458 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
459 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
460 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
463 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
464 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
467 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
468 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
470 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
473 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
474 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
475 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
476 additions and others.
479 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
480 renamed to "untrusted".
483 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
484 please install the svn package or port.
487 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
488 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
489 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
492 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
495 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
496 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
497 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
498 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
499 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
500 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
501 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
504 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
505 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
506 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
510 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
511 libraries and utilities are packaged.
512 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
513 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
514 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
515 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
519 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
520 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
521 need to be rebuilt from sources.
522 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
523 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
527 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
528 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
529 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
530 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
531 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
532 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
535 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
536 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
537 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
538 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
541 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
542 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
543 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
546 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
547 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
551 stable/13 branch created.
554 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
555 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
556 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
557 since it was bumped so recently.
560 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
561 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
562 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
563 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
566 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
567 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
568 requires a clean build.
571 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
572 instructions can be found at
573 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
574 and other documents in that repo.
577 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
578 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
579 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
580 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
583 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
584 may be installed from ports or packages.
587 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
588 See ping(8) for details.
591 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
592 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
593 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
596 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
597 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
598 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
599 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
600 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
603 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
604 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
605 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
606 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
607 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
611 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
612 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
613 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
614 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
616 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
617 command you want to un-auger the tree is
620 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
621 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
624 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
625 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
626 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
627 unless you want to use new features.
629 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
630 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
631 rebuilding world may fail.
633 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
634 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
636 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
637 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
638 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
639 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
642 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
643 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
644 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
645 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
648 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
649 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
653 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
654 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
657 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
658 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
659 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
660 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
663 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
664 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
665 from sources, so a version bump was done.
668 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
669 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
670 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
671 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
674 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
675 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
676 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
677 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
678 continue to function.
680 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
681 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
682 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
683 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
686 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
687 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
688 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
689 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
690 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
691 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
692 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
695 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
696 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
699 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
700 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
701 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
704 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
705 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
706 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
707 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
709 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
710 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
711 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
712 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
716 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
717 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
718 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
719 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
722 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
723 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
726 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
727 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
728 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
729 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
730 be functional without closefrom(2).
733 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
734 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
735 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
736 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
737 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
738 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
741 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
742 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
743 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
744 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
747 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
748 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
749 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
752 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
755 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
756 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
757 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
760 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
761 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
764 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
765 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
766 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
770 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
771 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
775 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
776 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
777 together with their new kernel.
780 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
781 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
782 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
784 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
785 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
788 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
792 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
793 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
794 external toolchain package.
797 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
798 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
799 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
800 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
801 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
804 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
805 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
806 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
807 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
810 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
811 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
812 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
816 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
819 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
820 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
821 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
822 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
825 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
826 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
827 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
830 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
831 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
832 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
833 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
834 differences between those included in the port and those included in
835 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
836 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
837 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
840 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
841 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
845 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
846 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
847 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
848 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
849 add superio to the set.
852 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
853 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
856 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
857 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
858 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
859 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
860 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
861 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
862 completely in the future.
865 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
866 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
867 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
868 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
869 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
870 will be removed from the list.
873 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
874 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
875 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
876 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
879 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
880 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
881 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
882 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
885 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
886 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
887 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
888 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
891 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
892 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
893 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
896 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
897 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
898 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
899 your scripts, because they had no effect.
901 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
902 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
903 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
904 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
905 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
908 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
909 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
910 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
911 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
912 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
913 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
914 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
917 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
918 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
919 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
920 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
923 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
924 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
925 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
926 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
929 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
930 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
931 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
934 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
935 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
936 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
937 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
938 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
939 avoid running into the limit.
942 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
943 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
946 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
947 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
948 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
949 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
950 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
951 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
954 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
955 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
958 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
959 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
960 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
961 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
962 availability properties.
964 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
965 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
966 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
967 initial condition, if desired.
969 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
970 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
972 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
973 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
974 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
975 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
978 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
979 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
980 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
981 therefore unblocked).
984 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
985 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
986 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
987 is added to the command line.
988 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
989 not affected and should continue to work.
992 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
993 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
994 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
995 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
998 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
999 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1000 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1004 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
1005 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1009 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1010 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1011 migrating to the drm ports.
1014 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
1015 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1016 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
1017 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1018 is loaded automatically.
1021 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1022 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1023 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1024 kernel config files.
1027 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1028 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1029 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1030 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1033 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1034 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
1035 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1036 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1037 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1041 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1042 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1043 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1045 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1046 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1048 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1049 removed from the mips port.
1052 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1053 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1054 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1058 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
1059 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1062 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1063 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1064 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
1065 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1068 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1069 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1070 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1073 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1074 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1075 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1079 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1080 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1081 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1083 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1084 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1085 being included using the command:
1089 Stable/12 was branched created.
1092 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1093 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1096 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1097 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1098 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1099 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1100 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1101 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1102 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1103 that as you will get better support.
1105 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1106 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1107 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1108 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1110 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1111 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1112 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1113 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1117 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
1118 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1119 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1120 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1121 be adjusted as necessary.
1124 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
1125 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
1126 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
1127 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1130 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1131 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1132 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1133 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1137 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1138 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1139 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1140 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1144 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1145 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1146 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1147 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1148 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1149 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1152 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1153 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1154 default since FreeBSD-11.
1157 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1158 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
1159 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1162 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1163 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1164 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1165 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1166 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
1167 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1168 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1170 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1171 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1174 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1175 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1176 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1177 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1178 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1179 may not be observed in a future release.
1182 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
1183 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1187 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1188 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1189 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1190 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1193 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1194 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1195 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1196 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1200 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1201 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1202 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1205 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1206 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1207 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1208 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1209 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1212 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1213 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1214 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1215 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1216 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1217 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1220 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1221 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1222 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1225 in /boot/loader.conf
1226 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1227 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1228 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1231 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1232 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1233 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1234 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1235 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1236 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1237 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1238 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1239 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1240 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1244 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1247 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1248 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1249 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1250 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1251 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1254 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1255 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1256 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1257 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1258 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1259 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1262 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1263 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1266 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1267 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1268 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1269 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1270 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1271 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1272 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1275 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1276 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1277 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1281 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1282 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1283 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1287 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1288 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1291 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1292 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1296 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1297 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1298 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1299 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1302 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1303 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1304 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1308 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1309 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1310 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1314 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1315 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1316 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1317 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1318 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1319 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1322 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1323 workaround is necessary.
1326 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1327 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1328 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1329 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1332 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1333 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1334 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1335 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1336 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1339 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1340 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1341 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1342 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1345 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1346 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1347 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1351 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1352 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1356 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1357 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1361 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1362 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1363 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1364 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1365 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1367 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1368 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1369 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1370 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1371 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1372 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1373 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1375 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1376 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1379 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1382 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1383 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1384 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1386 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1388 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1389 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1390 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1391 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1392 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1393 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1394 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1396 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1400 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1401 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1402 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1405 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1406 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1407 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1408 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1409 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1410 should be as simple as:
1412 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1413 $ make depend all install
1416 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1417 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1418 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1419 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1420 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1421 provisions for backup boot methods.
1424 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1425 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1426 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1430 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1431 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1432 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1436 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1437 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1438 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1440 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1441 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1444 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1445 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1446 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1447 remove it from kernel config files.
1450 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1451 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1452 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1454 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1455 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1458 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1459 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1460 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1461 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1464 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1465 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1468 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1469 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1470 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1471 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1474 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1475 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1476 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1477 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1478 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1479 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1482 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1483 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1484 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1487 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1488 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1489 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1490 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1491 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1494 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1495 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1496 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1497 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1498 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1502 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1503 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1504 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1505 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1506 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1507 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1508 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1509 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1510 than hardcoding paths.
1513 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1514 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1515 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1518 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1519 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1520 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1521 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1524 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1525 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1528 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1529 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1530 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1531 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1534 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1535 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1536 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1537 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1538 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1541 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1542 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1543 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1544 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1548 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1549 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1550 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1551 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1552 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1555 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1556 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1559 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1560 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1564 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1565 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1569 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1570 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1571 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1572 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1574 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1575 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1576 sandbox if successful.
1578 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1579 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1580 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1581 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1582 an unprivileged user.
1585 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1586 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1587 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1588 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1589 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1590 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1591 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1592 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1593 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1594 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1595 to which you should answer yes.
1598 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1599 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1600 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1601 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1602 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1605 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1606 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1607 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1610 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1611 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1614 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1615 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1616 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1617 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1618 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1619 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1620 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1623 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1624 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1625 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1626 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1627 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1628 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1631 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1632 if you require the GPL compiler.
1635 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1636 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1637 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1638 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1639 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1640 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1643 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1644 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1645 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1648 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1649 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1650 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1654 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1655 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1656 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1657 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1658 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1659 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1662 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1663 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1664 which only require one chipset support.
1666 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1670 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1671 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1672 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1674 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1675 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1678 * load the chip modules in question
1679 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1681 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1682 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1684 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1687 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1688 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1689 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1691 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1692 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1693 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1695 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1696 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1697 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1698 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1699 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1700 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1701 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1702 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1705 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1706 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1707 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1710 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1711 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1712 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1715 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1716 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1717 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1718 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1719 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1720 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1721 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1724 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1725 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1726 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1727 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1730 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1731 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1732 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1735 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1736 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1737 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1740 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1741 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1743 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1744 via one of the following methods:
1745 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1746 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1747 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1748 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1750 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1753 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1754 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1755 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1756 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1760 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1761 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1762 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1763 be prefixed with colon.
1766 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1767 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1768 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1771 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1772 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1773 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1776 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1777 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1778 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1782 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1786 MCA bus support has been removed.
1789 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1790 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1793 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1794 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1797 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1798 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1799 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1803 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1804 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1805 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1808 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1809 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1810 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1813 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1814 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1815 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1818 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1819 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1820 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1821 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1824 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1825 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1827 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1828 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1831 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1832 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1833 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1837 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1838 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1839 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1842 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1843 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1846 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1847 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1848 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1849 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1852 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1853 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1854 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1855 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1856 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1859 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1862 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1863 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1864 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1865 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1868 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1869 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1870 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1874 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1875 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1876 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1877 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1878 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1882 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1883 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1886 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1888 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1889 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1890 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1897 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1898 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1899 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1900 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1901 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1902 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1903 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1904 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1906 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1907 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1908 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1909 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1910 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1911 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1912 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1913 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1916 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1917 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1918 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1919 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1922 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1923 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1924 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1925 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1927 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1928 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1929 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1930 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1931 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1932 should write them with this in mind.
1936 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1937 always follow these three steps:
1939 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1940 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1942 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1943 doing a zpool upgrade):
1945 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1946 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1947 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1948 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1950 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1951 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1954 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1959 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1960 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1961 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1962 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1963 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1964 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1965 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1966 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1968 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1969 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1970 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1971 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1973 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1974 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1975 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1976 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1978 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1982 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1983 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1984 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1986 make kernel-toolchain
1987 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1988 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1990 To test a kernel once
1991 ---------------------
1992 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1993 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1994 debugging information) run
1995 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1996 nextboot -k testkernel
1998 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1999 -----------------------------------------------------------
2000 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2001 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2003 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2005 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2006 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2008 <reboot in single user> [3]
2015 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2016 --------------------------------------------------
2017 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2018 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2019 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2022 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2025 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2026 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2027 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2028 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2029 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2030 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2031 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2032 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2033 <reboot into current>
2034 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2035 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2039 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2040 ----------------------------------------------
2041 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2043 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2044 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2046 <reboot in single user> [3]
2053 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2054 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2055 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2056 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2057 the UPDATING entries.
2059 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2060 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2061 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2062 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2063 much fewer pitfalls.
2065 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2066 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2067 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2068 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2069 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2070 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2071 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2072 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2074 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2076 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2080 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2081 cd src # full path to source
2082 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2083 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2084 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2086 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2087 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2088 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2089 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2090 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2091 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2093 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2094 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2097 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2098 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2099 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2101 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2102 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2103 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2104 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2105 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2106 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2107 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2108 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2110 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2111 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2112 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2115 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2116 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2117 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2119 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2120 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2121 warn if it is improperly defined.
2124 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2125 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2126 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2127 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2128 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2130 Copyright information:
2132 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2134 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2135 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2136 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2138 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2139 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2140 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2141 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2142 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2143 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2144 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2145 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2146 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2147 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2148 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2150 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of