1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
32 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
33 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
34 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
37 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
38 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
39 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
42 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
43 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
47 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
48 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
49 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
50 since it was bumped so recently.
53 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
54 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
55 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
56 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
59 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
60 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
61 requires a clean build.
64 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
65 instructions can be found at
66 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
67 and other documents in that repo.
70 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
71 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
72 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
73 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
76 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
77 may be installed from ports or packages.
80 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
81 See ping(8) for details.
84 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
85 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
86 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
89 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
90 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
91 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
92 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
93 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
96 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
97 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
98 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
99 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
100 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
104 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
105 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
106 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
107 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
109 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
110 command you want to un-auger the tree is
113 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
114 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
117 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
118 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
119 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
120 unless you want to use new features.
122 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
123 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
124 rebuilding world may fail.
126 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
127 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
129 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
130 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
131 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
132 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
135 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
136 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
137 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
138 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
141 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
142 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
146 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
147 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
150 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
151 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
152 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
153 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
156 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
157 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
158 from sources, so a version bump was done.
161 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
162 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
163 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
164 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
167 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
168 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
169 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
170 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
171 continue to function.
173 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
174 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
175 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
176 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
179 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
180 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
181 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
182 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
183 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
184 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
185 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
188 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
189 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
192 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
193 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
194 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
197 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
198 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
199 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
200 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
202 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
203 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
204 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
205 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
209 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
210 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
211 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
212 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
215 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
216 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
219 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
220 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
221 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
222 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
223 be functional without closefrom(2).
226 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
227 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
228 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
229 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
230 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
231 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
234 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
235 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
236 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
237 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
240 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
241 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
242 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
245 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
248 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
249 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
250 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
253 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
254 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
257 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
258 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
259 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
263 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
264 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
268 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
269 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
270 together with their new kernel.
273 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
274 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
275 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
277 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
278 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
281 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
285 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
286 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
287 external toolchain package.
290 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
291 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
292 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
293 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
294 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
297 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
298 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
299 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
300 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
303 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
304 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
305 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
309 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
312 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
313 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
314 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
315 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
318 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
319 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
320 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
323 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
324 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
325 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
326 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
327 differences between those included in the port and those included in
328 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
329 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
330 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
333 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
334 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
338 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
339 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
340 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
341 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
342 add superio to the set.
345 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
346 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
349 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
350 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
351 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
352 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
353 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
354 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
355 completely in the future.
358 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
359 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
360 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
361 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
362 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
363 will be removed from the list.
366 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
367 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
368 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
369 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
372 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
373 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
374 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
375 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
378 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
379 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
380 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
381 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
384 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
385 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
386 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
389 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
390 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
391 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
392 your scripts, because they had no effect.
394 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
395 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
396 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
397 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
398 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
401 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
402 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
403 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
404 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
405 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
406 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
407 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
410 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
411 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
412 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
413 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
416 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
417 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
418 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
419 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
422 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
423 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
424 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
427 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
428 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
429 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
430 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
431 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
432 avoid running into the limit.
435 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
436 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
439 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
440 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
441 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
442 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
443 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
444 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
447 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
448 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
451 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
452 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
453 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
454 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
455 availability properties.
457 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
458 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
459 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
460 initial condition, if desired.
462 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
463 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
465 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
466 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
467 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
468 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
471 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
472 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
473 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
474 therefore unblocked).
477 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
478 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
479 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
480 is added to the command line.
481 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
482 not affected and should continue to work.
485 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
486 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
487 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
488 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
491 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
492 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
493 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
497 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
498 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
502 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
503 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
504 migrating to the drm ports.
507 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
508 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
509 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
510 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
511 is loaded automatically.
514 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
515 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
516 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
520 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
521 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
522 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
523 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
526 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
527 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
528 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
529 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
530 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
534 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
535 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
536 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
538 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
539 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
541 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
542 removed from the mips port.
545 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
546 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
547 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
551 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
552 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
555 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
556 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
557 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
558 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
561 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
562 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
563 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
566 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
567 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
568 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
572 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
573 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
574 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
576 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
577 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
578 being included using the command:
582 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
583 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
586 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
587 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
588 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
589 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
590 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
591 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
592 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
593 that as you will get better support.
595 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
596 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
597 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
598 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
600 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
601 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
602 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
603 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
607 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
608 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
609 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
610 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
611 be adjusted as necessary.
614 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
615 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
616 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
617 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
620 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
621 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
622 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
623 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
627 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
628 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
629 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
630 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
634 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
635 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
636 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
637 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
638 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
639 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
642 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
643 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
644 default since FreeBSD-11.
647 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
648 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
649 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
652 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
653 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
654 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
655 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
656 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
657 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
658 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
660 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
661 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
664 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
665 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
666 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
667 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
668 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
669 may not be observed in a future release.
672 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
673 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
677 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
678 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
679 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
680 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
683 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
684 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
685 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
686 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
690 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
691 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
692 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
695 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
696 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
697 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
698 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
699 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
702 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
703 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
704 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
705 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
706 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
707 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
710 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
711 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
712 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
716 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
717 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
718 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
721 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
722 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
723 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
724 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
725 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
726 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
727 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
728 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
729 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
730 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
734 Big endian arm support has been removed.
737 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
738 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
739 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
740 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
741 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
744 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
745 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
746 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
747 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
748 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
749 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
752 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
753 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
756 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
757 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
758 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
759 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
760 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
761 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
762 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
765 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
766 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
767 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
771 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
772 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
773 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
777 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
778 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
781 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
782 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
786 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
787 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
788 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
789 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
792 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
793 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
794 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
798 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
799 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
800 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
804 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
805 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
806 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
807 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
808 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
809 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
812 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
813 workaround is necessary.
816 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
817 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
818 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
819 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
822 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
823 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
824 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
825 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
826 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
829 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
830 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
831 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
832 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
835 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
836 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
837 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
841 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
842 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
846 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
847 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
851 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
852 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
853 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
854 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
855 microseconds and time zone offsets.
857 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
858 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
859 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
860 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
861 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
862 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
863 adjustments, depending on the software used.
865 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
866 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
869 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
872 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
873 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
874 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
876 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
878 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
879 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
880 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
881 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
882 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
883 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
884 thus expected to continue to function as before.
886 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
890 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
891 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
892 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
895 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
896 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
897 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
898 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
899 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
900 should be as simple as:
902 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
903 $ make depend all install
906 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
907 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
908 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
909 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
910 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
911 provisions for backup boot methods.
914 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
915 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
916 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
920 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
921 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
922 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
926 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
927 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
928 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
930 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
931 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
934 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
935 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
936 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
937 remove it from kernel config files.
940 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
941 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
942 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
944 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
945 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
948 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
949 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
950 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
951 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
954 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
955 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
958 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
959 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
960 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
961 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
964 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
965 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
966 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
967 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
968 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
969 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
972 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
973 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
974 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
977 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
978 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
979 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
980 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
981 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
984 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
985 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
986 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
987 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
988 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
992 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
993 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
994 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
995 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
996 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
997 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
998 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
999 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1000 than hardcoding paths.
1003 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1004 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1005 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1008 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1009 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1010 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1011 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1014 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1015 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1018 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1019 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1020 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1021 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1024 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1025 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1026 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1027 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1028 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1031 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1032 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1033 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1034 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1038 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1039 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1040 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1041 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1042 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1045 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1046 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1049 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1050 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1054 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1055 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1059 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1060 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1061 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1062 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1064 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1065 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1066 sandbox if successful.
1068 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1069 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1070 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1071 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1072 an unprivileged user.
1075 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1076 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1077 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1078 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1079 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1080 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1081 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1082 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1083 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1084 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1085 to which you should answer yes.
1088 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1089 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1090 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1091 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1092 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1095 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1096 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1097 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1100 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1101 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1104 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1105 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1106 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1107 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1108 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1109 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1110 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1113 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1114 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1115 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1116 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1117 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1118 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1121 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1122 if you require the GPL compiler.
1125 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1126 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1127 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1130 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1131 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1132 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1136 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1137 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1138 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1139 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1140 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1141 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1144 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1145 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1146 which only require one chipset support.
1148 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1152 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1153 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1154 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1156 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1157 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1160 * load the chip modules in question
1161 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1163 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1164 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1166 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1169 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1170 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1171 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1173 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1174 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1175 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1177 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1178 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1179 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1180 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1181 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1182 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1183 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1184 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1187 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1188 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1189 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1192 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1193 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1194 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1197 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1198 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1199 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1200 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1201 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1202 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1203 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1206 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1207 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1208 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1209 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1212 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1213 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1214 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1217 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1218 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1219 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1222 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1223 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1225 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1226 via one of the following methods:
1227 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1228 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1229 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1230 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1232 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1235 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1236 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1237 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1238 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1242 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1243 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1244 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1245 be prefixed with colon.
1248 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1249 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1250 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1253 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1254 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1255 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1258 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1259 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1260 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1264 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1268 MCA bus support has been removed.
1271 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1272 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1275 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1276 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1279 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1280 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1281 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1285 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1286 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1287 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1290 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1291 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1292 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1295 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1296 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1297 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1300 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1301 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1302 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1303 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1306 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1307 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1309 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1310 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1313 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1314 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1315 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1319 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1320 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1321 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1324 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1325 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1328 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1329 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1330 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1331 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1334 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1335 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1336 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1337 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1338 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1341 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1344 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1345 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1346 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1347 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1350 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1351 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1352 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1356 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1357 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1358 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1359 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1360 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1364 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1365 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1368 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1371 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1372 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1373 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1374 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1375 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1376 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1380 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1381 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1382 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1383 previously contained a line like
1384 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1385 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1386 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1390 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1391 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1392 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1393 built with the old headers.
1396 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1397 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1398 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1399 installing a new libc.
1402 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1403 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1404 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1405 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1406 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1407 packages will be needed.
1409 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1410 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1411 and the install steps.
1414 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1415 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1416 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1417 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1418 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1419 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1422 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1423 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1424 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1425 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1426 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1428 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1429 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1430 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1431 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1432 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1434 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1435 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1436 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1437 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1438 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1439 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1442 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1443 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1444 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1445 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1446 quirks entry to 0x3.
1449 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1450 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1451 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1454 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1455 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1458 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1459 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1460 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1461 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1462 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1463 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1464 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1465 stale .depend files.
1468 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1469 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1470 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1474 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1475 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1476 make -C sys/boot install
1477 <reboot in single user>
1479 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1483 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1484 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1485 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1488 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1489 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1490 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1491 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1492 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1493 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1496 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1497 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1498 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1499 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1500 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1503 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1504 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1505 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1506 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1507 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1510 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1511 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1514 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1515 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1516 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1519 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1520 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1521 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1525 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1526 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1527 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1528 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1529 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1530 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1533 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1534 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1535 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1536 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1540 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1541 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1542 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1545 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1546 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1547 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1549 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1550 collation results will be different.
1552 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1553 locales before running make installworld.
1555 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1558 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1559 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1562 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1563 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1564 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1567 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1568 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1569 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1570 and 'make -N' will not.
1573 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1574 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1575 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1576 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1577 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1578 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1579 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1580 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1583 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1584 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1585 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1586 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1589 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1590 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1591 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1594 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1595 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1596 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1597 userland debug files.
1599 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1600 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1601 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1603 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1604 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1607 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1608 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1609 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1610 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1611 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1612 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1615 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1616 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1617 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1620 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1621 them, the kernel must have
1624 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1626 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1627 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1628 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1629 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1631 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1632 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1635 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1636 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1637 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1640 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1641 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1642 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1643 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1645 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1646 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1647 difference with this change.
1649 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1650 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1651 remove that workaround.
1654 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1655 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1656 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1659 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1662 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1663 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1664 loader.rc.local instead.
1667 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1668 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1669 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1672 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1673 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1674 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1676 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1677 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1680 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1681 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1682 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1683 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1684 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1685 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1686 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1687 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1688 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1689 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1690 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1691 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1694 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1695 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1697 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1698 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1699 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1701 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1702 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1704 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1705 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1706 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1708 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1709 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1710 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1711 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1713 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1714 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1715 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1716 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1718 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1719 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1720 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1721 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1722 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1723 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1724 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1725 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1729 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1730 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1733 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1734 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1737 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1738 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1739 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1740 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1741 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1744 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1745 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1746 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1747 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1750 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1751 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1752 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1753 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1754 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1755 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1756 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1758 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1759 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1760 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1761 replace it with '2'.
1762 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1763 a file path, create a new file with:
1764 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1765 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1766 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1767 5. Restart sendmail:
1768 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1770 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1774 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1775 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1776 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1777 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1780 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1783 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1784 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1785 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1788 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1789 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1792 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1793 same but content is different now
1794 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1795 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1796 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1797 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1798 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1801 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1802 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1803 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1806 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1807 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1810 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1811 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1814 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1815 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1816 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1819 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1820 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1821 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1822 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1825 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1826 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1827 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1830 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1831 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1832 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1833 kernel before rebooting.
1836 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1837 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1838 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1839 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1840 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1841 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1844 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1845 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1846 with the new kernel.
1849 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1850 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1851 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1854 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1855 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1856 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1857 are not already using 3.5.0.
1860 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1861 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1862 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1863 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1864 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1867 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1868 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1869 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1870 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1873 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1874 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1877 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1879 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1880 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1881 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1882 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1883 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1884 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1887 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1888 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1891 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1892 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1893 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1894 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1896 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1897 the instructions for 9.x above.
1899 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1900 default, and do not build clang.
1902 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1903 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1904 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1906 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1907 the following are most likely to appear:
1911 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1912 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1913 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1914 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1915 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1916 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1917 cast, or disable the warning.
1919 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1920 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1921 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1922 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1925 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1926 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1928 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1929 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1930 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1931 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1933 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1934 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1935 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1936 unreachable could be optimized away.
1939 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1940 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1941 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1942 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1943 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1944 the utilities will report errors.
1947 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1948 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1949 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1950 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1951 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1955 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1956 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1959 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1960 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1961 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1964 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1965 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1966 indicate what you need to do.
1968 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1969 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1970 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1972 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1973 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1977 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1978 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1982 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1983 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1987 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1991 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1992 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1993 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1994 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1995 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1996 their next update cycle.
1999 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2000 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2001 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2002 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2006 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2007 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2010 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2011 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2012 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2013 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2014 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2018 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2019 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2021 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2024 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2025 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2026 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2027 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2031 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2032 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2036 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2037 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2038 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2039 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2040 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2043 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2044 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2045 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2048 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2049 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2050 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2053 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2054 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2055 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2056 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2057 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2058 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2059 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2060 "make installworld".
2062 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2063 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2064 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2067 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2068 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2069 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2070 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2071 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2074 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2077 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2078 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2082 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2083 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2084 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2085 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2086 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2087 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2088 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2089 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2090 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2091 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2092 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2093 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2095 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2096 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2097 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2101 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2102 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2105 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2106 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2107 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2108 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2109 build hosts for older releases.
2111 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2112 r276991, respectively.
2115 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2116 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2117 will silently lack HESIOD.
2120 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2121 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2122 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2123 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2124 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2125 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2126 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2127 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2128 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2129 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2130 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2131 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2134 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2135 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2136 with command line option -W.
2139 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2140 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2141 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2142 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2143 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2146 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2149 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2150 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2153 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2154 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2155 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2156 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2157 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2160 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2161 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2162 kernel is still highly recommended.
2165 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2166 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2167 capability mode support in kernel.
2170 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2171 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2172 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2173 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2174 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2177 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2178 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2179 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2180 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2181 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2182 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2185 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2186 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2187 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2188 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2189 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2190 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2191 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2192 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2193 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2196 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2197 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2198 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2199 should change your settings to use the latter.
2202 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2203 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2204 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2205 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2206 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2209 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2210 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2211 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2213 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2215 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2218 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2225 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2226 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2227 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2228 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2229 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2230 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2231 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2232 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2234 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2235 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2236 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2237 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2238 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2239 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2240 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2241 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2244 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2245 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2246 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2247 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2250 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2251 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2252 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2253 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2255 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2256 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2257 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2258 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2259 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2260 should write them with this in mind.
2264 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2267 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2268 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2270 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2272 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2273 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2274 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2275 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2278 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2282 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2283 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2284 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2286 make kernel-toolchain
2287 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2288 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2290 To test a kernel once
2291 ---------------------
2292 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2293 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2294 debugging information) run
2295 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2296 nextboot -k testkernel
2298 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2299 -----------------------------------------------------------
2300 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2301 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2303 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2305 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2306 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2308 <reboot in single user> [3]
2315 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2316 --------------------------------------------------
2317 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2318 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2319 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2322 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2325 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2326 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2327 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2328 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2329 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2330 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2331 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2332 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2333 <reboot into current>
2334 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2335 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2339 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2340 ----------------------------------------------
2341 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2343 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2344 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2346 <reboot in single user> [3]
2353 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2354 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2355 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2356 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2357 the UPDATING entries.
2359 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2360 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2361 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2362 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2363 much fewer pitfalls.
2365 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2366 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2367 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2368 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2369 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2370 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2371 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2372 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2374 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2376 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2380 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2381 cd src # full path to source
2382 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2383 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2384 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2386 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2387 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2388 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2389 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2390 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2391 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2392 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2394 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2395 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2396 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2397 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2398 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2399 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2401 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2402 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2403 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2405 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2406 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2407 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2408 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2409 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2410 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2411 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2412 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2414 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2415 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2416 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2419 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2420 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2421 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2423 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2424 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2425 warn if it is improperly defined.
2428 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2429 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2430 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2431 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2432 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2434 Copyright information:
2436 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2438 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2439 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2440 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2442 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2443 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2444 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2445 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2446 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2447 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2448 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2449 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2450 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2451 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2452 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2454 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of