1 Updating Information for FreeBSD stable/13 users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade.
15 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
16 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1300139
20 The stable/13 branch has been created from main.
23 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
24 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
25 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
26 since it was bumped so recently.
29 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
30 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
31 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
32 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
35 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
36 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
37 requires a clean build.
40 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
41 instructions can be found at
42 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
43 and other documents in that repo.
46 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
47 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
48 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
49 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
52 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
53 may be installed from ports or packages.
56 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
57 See ping(8) for details.
60 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
61 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
62 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
64 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
65 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
66 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
67 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
68 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
71 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
72 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
73 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
74 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
75 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
79 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
80 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
81 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
82 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
84 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
85 command you want to un-auger the tree is
88 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
89 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
92 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
93 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
94 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
95 unless you want to use new features.
97 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
98 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
99 rebuilding world may fail.
101 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
102 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
104 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
105 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
106 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
107 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
110 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
111 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
112 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
113 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
116 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
117 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
121 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
122 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
125 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
126 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
127 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
128 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
131 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
132 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
133 from sources, so a version bump was done.
136 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
137 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
138 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
139 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
142 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
143 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
144 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
145 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
146 continue to function.
148 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
149 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
150 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
151 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
154 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
155 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
156 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
157 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
158 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
159 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
160 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
163 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
164 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
167 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
168 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
169 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
172 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
173 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
174 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
175 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
177 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
178 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
179 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
180 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
184 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
185 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
186 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
187 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
190 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
191 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
194 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
195 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
196 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
197 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
198 be functional without closefrom(2).
201 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
202 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
203 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
204 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
205 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
206 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
209 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
210 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
211 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
212 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
215 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
216 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
217 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
220 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
223 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
224 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
225 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
228 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
229 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
232 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
233 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
234 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
238 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
239 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
243 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
244 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
245 together with their new kernel.
248 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
249 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
250 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
252 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
253 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
256 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
260 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
261 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
262 external toolchain package.
265 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
266 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
267 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
268 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
269 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
272 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
273 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
274 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
275 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
278 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
279 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
280 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
284 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
287 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
288 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
289 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
290 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
293 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
294 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
295 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
298 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
299 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
300 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
301 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
302 differences between those included in the port and those included in
303 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
304 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
305 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
308 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
309 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
313 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
314 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
315 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
316 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
317 add superio to the set.
320 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
321 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
324 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
325 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
326 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
327 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
328 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
329 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
330 completely in the future.
333 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
334 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
335 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
336 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
337 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
338 will be removed from the list.
341 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
342 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
343 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
344 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
347 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
348 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
349 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
350 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
353 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
354 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
355 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
356 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
359 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
360 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
361 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
364 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
365 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
366 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
367 your scripts, because they had no effect.
369 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
370 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
371 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
372 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
373 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
376 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
377 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
378 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
379 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
380 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
381 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
382 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
385 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
386 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
387 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
388 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
391 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
392 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
393 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
394 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
397 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
398 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
399 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
402 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
403 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
404 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
405 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
406 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
407 avoid running into the limit.
410 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
411 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
414 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
415 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
416 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
417 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
418 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
419 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
422 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
423 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
426 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
427 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
428 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
429 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
430 availability properties.
432 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
433 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
434 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
435 initial condition, if desired.
437 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
438 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
440 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
441 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
442 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
443 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
446 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
447 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
448 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
449 therefore unblocked).
452 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
453 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
454 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
455 is added to the command line.
456 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
457 not affected and should continue to work.
460 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
461 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
462 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
463 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
466 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
467 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
468 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
472 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
473 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
477 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
478 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
479 migrating to the drm ports.
482 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
483 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
484 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
485 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
486 is loaded automatically.
489 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
490 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
491 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
495 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
496 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
497 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
498 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
501 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
502 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
503 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
504 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
505 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
509 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
510 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
511 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
513 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
514 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
516 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
517 removed from the mips port.
520 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
521 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
522 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
526 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
527 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
530 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
531 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
532 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
533 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
536 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
537 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
538 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
541 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
542 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
543 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
547 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
548 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
549 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
551 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
552 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
553 being included using the command:
557 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
558 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
561 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
562 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
563 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
564 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
565 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
566 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
567 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
568 that as you will get better support.
570 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
571 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
572 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
573 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
575 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
576 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
577 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
578 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
582 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
583 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
584 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
585 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
586 be adjusted as necessary.
589 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
590 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
591 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
592 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
595 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
596 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
597 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
598 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
602 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
603 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
604 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
605 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
609 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
610 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
611 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
612 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
613 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
614 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
617 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
618 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
619 default since FreeBSD-11.
622 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
623 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
624 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
627 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
628 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
629 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
630 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
631 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
632 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
633 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
635 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
636 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
639 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
640 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
641 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
642 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
643 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
644 may not be observed in a future release.
647 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
648 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
652 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
653 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
654 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
655 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
658 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
659 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
660 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
661 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
665 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
666 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
667 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
670 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
671 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
672 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
673 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
674 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
677 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
678 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
679 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
680 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
681 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
682 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
685 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
686 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
687 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
691 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
692 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
693 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
696 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
697 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
698 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
699 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
700 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
701 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
702 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
703 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
704 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
705 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
709 Big endian arm support has been removed.
712 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
713 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
714 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
715 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
716 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
719 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
720 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
721 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
722 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
723 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
724 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
727 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
728 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
731 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
732 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
733 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
734 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
735 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
736 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
737 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
740 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
741 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
742 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
746 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
747 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
748 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
752 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
753 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
756 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
757 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
761 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
762 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
763 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
764 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
767 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
768 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
769 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
773 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
774 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
775 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
779 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
780 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
781 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
782 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
783 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
784 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
787 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
788 workaround is necessary.
791 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
792 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
793 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
794 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
797 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
798 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
799 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
800 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
801 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
804 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
805 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
806 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
807 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
810 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
811 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
812 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
816 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
817 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
821 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
822 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
826 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
827 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
828 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
829 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
830 microseconds and time zone offsets.
832 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
833 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
834 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
835 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
836 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
837 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
838 adjustments, depending on the software used.
840 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
841 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
844 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
847 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
848 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
849 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
851 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
853 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
854 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
855 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
856 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
857 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
858 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
859 thus expected to continue to function as before.
861 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
865 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
866 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
867 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
870 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
871 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
872 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
873 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
874 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
875 should be as simple as:
877 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
878 $ make depend all install
881 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
882 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
883 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
884 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
885 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
886 provisions for backup boot methods.
889 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
890 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
891 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
895 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
896 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
897 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
901 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
902 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
903 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
905 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
906 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
909 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
910 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
911 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
912 remove it from kernel config files.
915 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
916 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
917 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
919 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
920 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
923 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
924 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
925 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
926 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
929 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
930 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
933 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
934 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
935 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
936 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
939 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
940 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
941 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
942 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
943 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
944 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
947 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
948 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
949 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
952 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
953 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
954 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
955 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
956 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
959 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
960 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
961 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
962 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
963 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
967 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
968 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
969 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
970 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
971 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
972 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
973 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
974 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
975 than hardcoding paths.
978 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
979 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
980 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
983 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
984 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
985 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
986 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
989 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
990 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
993 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
994 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
995 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
996 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
999 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1000 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1001 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1002 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1003 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1006 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1007 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1008 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1009 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1013 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1014 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1015 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1016 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1017 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1020 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1021 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1024 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1025 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1029 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1030 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1034 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1035 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1036 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1037 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1039 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1040 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1041 sandbox if successful.
1043 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1044 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1045 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1046 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1047 an unprivileged user.
1050 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1051 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1052 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1053 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1054 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1055 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1056 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1057 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1058 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1059 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1060 to which you should answer yes.
1063 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1064 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1065 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1066 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1067 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1070 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1071 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1072 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1075 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1076 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1079 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1080 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1081 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1082 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1083 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1084 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1085 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1088 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1089 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1090 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1091 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1092 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1093 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1096 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1097 if you require the GPL compiler.
1100 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1101 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1102 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1105 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1106 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1107 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1111 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1112 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1113 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1114 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1115 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1116 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1119 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1120 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1121 which only require one chipset support.
1123 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1127 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1128 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1129 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1131 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1132 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1135 * load the chip modules in question
1136 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1138 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1139 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1141 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1144 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1145 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1146 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1148 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1149 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1150 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1152 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1153 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1154 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1155 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1156 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1157 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1158 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1159 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1162 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1163 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1164 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1167 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1168 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1169 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1172 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1173 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1174 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1175 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1176 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1177 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1178 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1181 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1182 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1183 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1184 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1187 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1188 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1189 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1192 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1193 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1194 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1197 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1198 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1200 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1201 via one of the following methods:
1202 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1203 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1204 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1205 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1207 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1210 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1211 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1212 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1213 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1217 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1218 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1219 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1220 be prefixed with colon.
1223 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1224 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1225 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1228 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1229 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1230 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1233 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1234 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1235 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1239 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1243 MCA bus support has been removed.
1246 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1247 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1250 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1251 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1254 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1255 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1256 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1260 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1261 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1262 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1265 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1266 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1267 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1270 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1271 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1272 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1275 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1276 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1277 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1278 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1281 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1282 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1284 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1285 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1288 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1289 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1290 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1294 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1295 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1296 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1299 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1300 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1303 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1304 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1305 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1306 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1309 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1310 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1311 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1312 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1313 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1316 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1319 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1320 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1321 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1322 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1325 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1326 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1327 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1331 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1332 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1333 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1334 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1335 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1339 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1340 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1343 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1346 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1347 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1348 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1349 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1350 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1351 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1355 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1356 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1357 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1358 previously contained a line like
1359 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1360 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1361 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1365 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1366 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1367 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1368 built with the old headers.
1371 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1372 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1373 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1374 installing a new libc.
1377 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1378 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1379 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1380 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1381 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1382 packages will be needed.
1384 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1385 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1386 and the install steps.
1389 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1390 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1391 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1392 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1393 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1394 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1397 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1398 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1399 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1400 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1401 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1403 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1404 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1405 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1406 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1407 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1409 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1410 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1411 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1412 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1413 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1414 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1417 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1418 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1419 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1420 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1421 quirks entry to 0x3.
1424 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1425 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1426 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1429 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1430 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1433 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1434 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1435 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1436 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1437 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1438 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1439 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1440 stale .depend files.
1443 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1444 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1445 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1449 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1450 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1451 make -C sys/boot install
1452 <reboot in single user>
1454 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1458 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1459 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1460 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1463 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1464 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1465 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1466 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1467 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1468 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1471 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1472 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1473 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1474 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1475 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1478 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1479 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1480 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1481 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1482 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1485 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1486 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1489 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1490 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1491 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1494 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1495 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1496 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1500 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1501 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1502 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1503 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1504 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1505 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1508 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1509 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1510 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1511 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1515 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1516 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1517 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1520 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1521 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1522 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1524 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1525 collation results will be different.
1527 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1528 locales before running make installworld.
1530 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1533 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1534 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1537 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1538 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1539 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1542 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1543 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1544 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1545 and 'make -N' will not.
1548 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1549 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1550 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1551 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1552 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1553 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1554 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1555 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1558 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1559 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1560 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1561 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1564 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1565 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1566 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1569 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1570 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1571 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1572 userland debug files.
1574 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1575 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1576 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1578 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1579 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1582 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1583 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1584 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1585 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1586 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1587 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1590 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1591 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1592 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1595 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1596 them, the kernel must have
1599 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1601 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1602 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1603 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1604 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1606 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1607 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1610 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1611 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1612 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1615 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1616 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1617 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1618 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1620 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1621 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1622 difference with this change.
1624 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1625 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1626 remove that workaround.
1629 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1630 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1631 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1634 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1637 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1638 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1639 loader.rc.local instead.
1642 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1643 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1644 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1647 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1648 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1649 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1651 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1652 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1655 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1656 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1657 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1658 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1659 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1660 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1661 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1662 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1663 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1664 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1665 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1666 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1669 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1670 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1672 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1673 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1674 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1676 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1677 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1679 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1680 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1681 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1683 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1684 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1685 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1686 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1688 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1689 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1690 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1691 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1693 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1694 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1695 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1696 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1697 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1698 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1699 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1700 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1704 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1705 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1708 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1709 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1712 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1713 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1714 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1715 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1716 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1719 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1720 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1721 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1722 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1725 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1726 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1727 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1728 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1729 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1730 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1731 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1733 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1734 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1735 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1736 replace it with '2'.
1737 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1738 a file path, create a new file with:
1739 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1740 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1741 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1742 5. Restart sendmail:
1743 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1745 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1749 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1750 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1751 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1752 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1755 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1758 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1759 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1760 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1763 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1764 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1767 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1768 same but content is different now
1769 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1770 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1771 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1772 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1773 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1776 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1777 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1778 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1781 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1782 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1785 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1786 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1789 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1790 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1791 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1794 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1795 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1796 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1797 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1800 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1801 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1802 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1805 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1806 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1807 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1808 kernel before rebooting.
1811 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1812 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1813 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1814 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1815 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1816 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1819 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1820 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1821 with the new kernel.
1824 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1825 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1826 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1829 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1830 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1831 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1832 are not already using 3.5.0.
1835 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1836 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1837 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1838 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1839 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1842 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1843 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1844 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1845 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1848 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1849 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1852 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1854 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1855 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1856 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1857 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1858 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1859 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1862 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1863 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1866 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1867 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1868 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1869 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1871 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1872 the instructions for 9.x above.
1874 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1875 default, and do not build clang.
1877 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1878 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1879 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1881 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1882 the following are most likely to appear:
1886 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1887 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1888 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1889 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1890 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1891 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1892 cast, or disable the warning.
1894 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1895 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1896 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1897 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1900 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1901 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1903 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1904 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1905 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1906 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1908 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1909 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1910 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1911 unreachable could be optimized away.
1914 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1915 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1916 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1917 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1918 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1919 the utilities will report errors.
1922 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1923 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1924 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1925 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1926 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1930 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1931 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1934 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1935 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1936 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1939 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1940 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1941 indicate what you need to do.
1943 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1944 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1945 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1947 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1948 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1952 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1953 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1957 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1958 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1962 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1966 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1967 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1968 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1969 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
1970 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1971 their next update cycle.
1974 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1975 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1976 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1977 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1981 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1982 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1985 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1986 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1987 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
1988 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1989 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1993 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1994 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1996 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1999 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2000 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2001 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2002 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2006 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2007 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2011 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2012 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2013 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2014 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2015 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2018 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2019 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2020 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2023 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2024 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2025 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2028 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2029 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2030 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2031 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2032 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2033 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2034 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2035 "make installworld".
2037 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2038 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2039 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2042 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2043 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2044 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2045 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2046 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2049 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2052 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2053 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2057 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2058 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2059 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2060 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2061 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2062 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2063 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2064 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2065 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2066 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2067 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2068 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2070 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2071 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2072 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2076 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2077 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2080 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2081 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2082 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2083 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2084 build hosts for older releases.
2086 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2087 r276991, respectively.
2090 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2091 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2092 will silently lack HESIOD.
2095 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2096 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2097 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2098 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2099 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2100 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2101 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2102 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2103 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2104 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2105 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2106 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2109 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2110 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2111 with command line option -W.
2114 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2115 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2116 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2117 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2118 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2121 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2124 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2125 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2128 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2129 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2130 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2131 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2132 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2135 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2136 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2137 kernel is still highly recommended.
2140 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2141 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2142 capability mode support in kernel.
2145 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2146 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2147 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2148 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2149 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2152 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2153 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2154 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2155 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2156 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2157 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2160 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2161 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2162 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2163 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2164 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2165 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2166 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2167 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2168 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2171 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2172 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2173 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2174 should change your settings to use the latter.
2177 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2178 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2179 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2180 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2181 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2184 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2185 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2186 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2188 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2190 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2193 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2200 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2201 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2202 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2203 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2204 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2205 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2206 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2207 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2209 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2210 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2211 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2212 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2213 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2214 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2215 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2216 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2219 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2220 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2221 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2222 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2225 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2226 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2227 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2228 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2230 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2231 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2232 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2233 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2234 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2235 should write them with this in mind.
2239 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2242 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2243 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2245 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2247 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2248 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2249 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2250 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2253 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2257 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2258 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2259 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2261 make kernel-toolchain
2262 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2263 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2265 To test a kernel once
2266 ---------------------
2267 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2268 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2269 debugging information) run
2270 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2271 nextboot -k testkernel
2273 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2274 -----------------------------------------------------------
2275 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2276 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2278 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2280 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2281 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2283 <reboot in single user> [3]
2290 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2291 --------------------------------------------------
2292 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2293 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2294 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2297 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2300 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2301 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2302 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2303 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2304 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2305 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2306 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2307 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2308 <reboot into current>
2309 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2310 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2314 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2315 ----------------------------------------------
2316 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2318 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2319 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2321 <reboot in single user> [3]
2328 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2329 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2330 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2331 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2332 the UPDATING entries.
2334 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2335 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2336 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2337 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2338 much fewer pitfalls.
2340 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2341 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2342 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2343 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2344 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2345 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2346 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2347 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2349 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2351 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2355 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2356 cd src # full path to source
2357 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2358 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2359 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2361 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2362 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2363 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2364 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2365 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2366 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2367 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2369 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2370 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2371 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2372 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2373 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2374 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2376 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2377 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2378 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2380 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2381 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2382 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2383 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2384 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2385 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2386 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2387 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2389 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2390 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2391 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2394 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2395 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2396 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2398 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2399 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2400 warn if it is improperly defined.
2403 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2404 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2405 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2406 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2407 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2409 Copyright information:
2411 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2413 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2414 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2415 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2417 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2418 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2419 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2420 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2421 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2422 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2423 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2424 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2425 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2426 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2427 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2429 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of