1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
35 sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
36 Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
37 `X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
40 Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
41 to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
44 As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
45 to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
46 to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
49 The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
50 system are now built unconditionally.
53 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
54 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
57 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was
58 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
60 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
61 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
62 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
65 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing
66 to reenable sendmail(8):
68 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
70 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
73 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
74 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
75 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
76 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
77 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
78 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
80 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
83 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
84 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
85 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
88 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled
89 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
92 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
93 for pkgbase users to do:
95 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
96 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
98 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
102 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
103 before re-compiling to avoid errors.
106 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
107 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
108 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
109 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
113 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
114 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
117 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
118 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
119 the coming days and weeks.
121 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
123 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
124 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
125 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
126 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
127 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
130 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
131 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
132 statement in unbound.conf:
133 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
135 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
137 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
138 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
139 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
140 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
141 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
142 such names when roaming to different homenets.
145 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
146 that any of the included congestion control modules could be
147 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
148 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
149 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
150 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
151 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
152 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
153 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
154 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
155 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
158 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
162 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
163 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
164 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
165 may need to be modified.
168 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
169 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
170 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
173 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use
174 the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
179 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
180 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
181 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
185 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
186 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
187 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
188 list of modules to load on their systems.
191 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
192 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
193 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
194 audio/freebsd-13-mixer
197 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
198 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built
199 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
203 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
204 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
205 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom
206 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
207 application-specific configuration option for applications
208 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
211 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
212 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
215 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
216 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
217 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
218 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
221 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
222 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
223 MTU on all member interfaces instead.
226 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
227 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
228 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
231 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
232 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
233 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
234 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
235 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
236 to update your sources past the above hash and do
239 % sudo -E make install
240 to enable building kernels again.
243 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
244 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not
245 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
248 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
249 This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
252 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
253 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
255 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
258 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
259 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
260 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
261 additions and others.
264 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
265 renamed to "untrusted".
268 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
269 please install the svn package or port.
272 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
273 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
274 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
277 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
280 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
281 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
282 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
283 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
284 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
285 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
286 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
289 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
290 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
291 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
295 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
296 libraries and utilities are packaged.
297 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
298 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
299 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
300 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
304 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
305 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
306 need to be rebuilt from sources.
307 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
308 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
312 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
313 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
314 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
315 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
316 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
317 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
320 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
321 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
322 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
323 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
326 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
327 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
328 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
331 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
332 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
336 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
337 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
338 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
339 since it was bumped so recently.
342 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
343 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
344 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
345 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
348 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
349 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
350 requires a clean build.
353 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
354 instructions can be found at
355 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
356 and other documents in that repo.
359 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
360 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
361 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
362 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
365 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
366 may be installed from ports or packages.
369 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
370 See ping(8) for details.
373 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
374 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
375 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
378 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
379 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
380 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
381 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
382 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
385 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
386 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
387 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
388 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
389 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
393 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
394 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
395 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
396 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
398 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
399 command you want to un-auger the tree is
402 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
403 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
406 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
407 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
408 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
409 unless you want to use new features.
411 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
412 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
413 rebuilding world may fail.
415 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
416 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
418 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
419 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
420 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
421 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
424 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
425 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
426 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
427 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
430 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
431 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
435 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
436 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
439 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
440 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
441 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
442 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
445 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
446 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
447 from sources, so a version bump was done.
450 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
451 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
452 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
453 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
456 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
457 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
458 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
459 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
460 continue to function.
462 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
463 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
464 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
465 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
468 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
469 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
470 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
471 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
472 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
473 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
474 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
477 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
478 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
481 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
482 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
483 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
486 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
487 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
488 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
489 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
491 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
492 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
493 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
494 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
498 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
499 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
500 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
501 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
504 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
505 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
508 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
509 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
510 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
511 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
512 be functional without closefrom(2).
515 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
516 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
517 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
518 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
519 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
520 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
523 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
524 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
525 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
526 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
529 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
530 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
531 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
534 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
537 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
538 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
539 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
542 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
543 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
546 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
547 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
548 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
552 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
553 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
557 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
558 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
559 together with their new kernel.
562 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
563 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
564 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
566 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
567 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
570 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
574 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
575 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
576 external toolchain package.
579 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
580 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
581 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
582 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
583 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
586 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
587 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
588 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
589 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
592 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
593 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
594 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
598 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
601 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
602 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
603 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
604 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
607 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
608 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
609 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
612 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
613 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
614 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
615 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
616 differences between those included in the port and those included in
617 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
618 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
619 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
622 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
623 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
627 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
628 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
629 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
630 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
631 add superio to the set.
634 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
635 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
638 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
639 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
640 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
641 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
642 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
643 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
644 completely in the future.
647 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
648 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
649 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
650 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
651 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
652 will be removed from the list.
655 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
656 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
657 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
658 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
661 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
662 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
663 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
664 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
667 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
668 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
669 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
670 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
673 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
674 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
675 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
678 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
679 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
680 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
681 your scripts, because they had no effect.
683 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
684 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
685 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
686 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
687 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
690 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
691 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
692 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
693 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
694 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
695 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
696 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
699 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
700 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
701 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
702 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
705 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
706 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
707 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
708 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
711 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
712 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
713 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
716 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
717 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
718 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
719 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
720 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
721 avoid running into the limit.
724 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
725 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
728 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
729 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
730 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
731 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
732 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
733 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
736 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
737 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
740 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
741 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
742 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
743 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
744 availability properties.
746 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
747 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
748 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
749 initial condition, if desired.
751 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
752 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
754 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
755 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
756 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
757 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
760 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
761 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
762 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
763 therefore unblocked).
766 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
767 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
768 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
769 is added to the command line.
770 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
771 not affected and should continue to work.
774 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
775 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
776 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
777 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
780 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
781 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
782 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
786 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
787 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
791 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
792 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
793 migrating to the drm ports.
796 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
797 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
798 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
799 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
800 is loaded automatically.
803 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
804 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
805 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
809 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
810 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
811 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
812 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
815 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
816 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
817 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
818 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
819 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
823 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
824 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
825 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
827 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
828 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
830 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
831 removed from the mips port.
834 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
835 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
836 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
840 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
841 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
844 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
845 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
846 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
847 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
850 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
851 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
852 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
855 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
856 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
857 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
861 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
862 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
863 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
865 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
866 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
867 being included using the command:
871 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
872 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
875 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
876 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
877 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
878 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
879 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
880 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
881 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
882 that as you will get better support.
884 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
885 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
886 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
887 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
889 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
890 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
891 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
892 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
896 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
897 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
898 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
899 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
900 be adjusted as necessary.
903 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
904 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
905 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
906 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
909 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
910 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
911 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
912 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
916 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
917 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
918 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
919 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
923 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
924 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
925 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
926 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
927 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
928 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
931 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
932 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
933 default since FreeBSD-11.
936 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
937 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
938 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
941 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
942 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
943 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
944 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
945 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
946 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
947 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
949 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
950 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
953 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
954 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
955 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
956 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
957 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
958 may not be observed in a future release.
961 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
962 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
966 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
967 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
968 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
969 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
972 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
973 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
974 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
975 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
979 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
980 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
981 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
984 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
985 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
986 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
987 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
988 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
991 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
992 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
993 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
994 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
995 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
996 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
999 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1000 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1001 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1004 in /boot/loader.conf
1005 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1006 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1007 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1010 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
1011 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1012 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1013 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1014 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1015 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1016 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1017 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1018 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1019 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1023 Big endian arm support has been removed.
1026 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1027 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
1028 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1029 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1030 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1033 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1034 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1035 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
1036 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
1037 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1038 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1041 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1042 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1045 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1046 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1047 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1048 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1049 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1050 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1051 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1054 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1055 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1056 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1060 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1061 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1062 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1066 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1067 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1070 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1071 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1075 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1076 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1077 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1078 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1081 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1082 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1083 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1087 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
1088 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1089 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1093 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1094 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1095 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1096 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1097 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1098 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1101 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1102 workaround is necessary.
1105 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1106 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
1107 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
1108 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1111 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
1112 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1113 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1114 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1115 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1118 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
1119 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1120 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
1121 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1124 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
1125 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1126 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1130 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
1131 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1135 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
1136 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1140 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1141 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1142 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1143 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1144 microseconds and time zone offsets.
1146 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1147 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1148 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1149 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1150 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1151 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1152 adjustments, depending on the software used.
1154 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1155 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1158 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1161 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1162 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1163 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1165 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1167 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1168 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1169 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1170 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1171 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1172 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1173 thus expected to continue to function as before.
1175 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1179 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1180 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1181 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1184 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1185 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1186 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1187 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1188 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1189 should be as simple as:
1191 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1192 $ make depend all install
1195 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1196 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1197 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1198 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1199 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1200 provisions for backup boot methods.
1203 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1204 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1205 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1209 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1210 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1211 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1215 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1216 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1217 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1219 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1220 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1223 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1224 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1225 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1226 remove it from kernel config files.
1229 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1230 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1231 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1233 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1234 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1237 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1238 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1239 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1240 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1243 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1244 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1247 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1248 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1249 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1250 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1253 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1254 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1255 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1256 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1257 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1258 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1261 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1262 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1263 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1266 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1267 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1268 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1269 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1270 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1273 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1274 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1275 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1276 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1277 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1281 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1282 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1283 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1284 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1285 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1286 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1287 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1288 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1289 than hardcoding paths.
1292 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1293 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1294 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1297 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1298 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1299 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1300 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1303 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1304 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1307 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1308 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1309 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1310 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1313 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1314 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1315 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1316 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1317 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1320 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1321 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1322 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1323 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1327 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1328 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1329 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1330 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1331 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1334 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1335 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1338 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1339 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1343 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1344 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1348 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1349 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1350 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1351 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1353 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1354 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1355 sandbox if successful.
1357 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1358 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1359 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1360 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1361 an unprivileged user.
1364 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1365 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1366 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1367 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1368 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1369 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1370 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1371 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1372 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1373 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1374 to which you should answer yes.
1377 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1378 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1379 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1380 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1381 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1384 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1385 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1386 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1389 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1390 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1393 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1394 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1395 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1396 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1397 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1398 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1399 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1402 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1403 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1404 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1405 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1406 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1407 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1410 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1411 if you require the GPL compiler.
1414 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1415 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1416 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1419 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1420 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1421 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1425 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1426 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1427 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1428 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1429 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1430 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1433 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1434 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1435 which only require one chipset support.
1437 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1441 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1442 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1443 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1445 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1446 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1449 * load the chip modules in question
1450 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1452 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1453 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1455 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1458 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1459 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1460 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1462 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1463 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1464 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1466 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1467 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1468 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1469 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1470 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1471 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1472 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1473 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1476 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1477 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1478 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1481 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1482 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1483 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1486 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1487 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1488 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1489 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1490 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1491 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1492 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1495 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1496 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1497 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1498 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1501 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1502 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1503 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1506 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1507 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1508 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1511 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1512 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1514 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1515 via one of the following methods:
1516 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1517 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1518 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1519 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1521 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1524 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1525 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1526 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1527 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1531 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1532 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1533 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1534 be prefixed with colon.
1537 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1538 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1539 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1542 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1543 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1544 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1547 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1548 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1549 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1553 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1557 MCA bus support has been removed.
1560 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1561 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1564 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1565 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1568 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1569 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1570 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1574 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1575 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1576 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1579 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1580 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1581 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1584 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1585 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1586 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1589 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1590 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1591 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1592 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1595 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1596 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1598 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1599 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1602 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1603 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1604 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1608 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1609 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1610 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1613 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1614 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1617 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1618 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1619 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1620 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1623 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1624 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1625 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1626 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1627 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1630 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1633 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1634 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1635 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1636 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1639 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1640 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1641 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1645 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1646 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1647 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1648 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1649 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1653 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1654 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1657 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1659 After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1660 from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1661 entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1668 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1669 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
1670 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
1671 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1672 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1673 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1674 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1675 report a bug if it happens consistently.
1677 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1678 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1679 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1680 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
1681 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
1682 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1683 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1684 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1687 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1688 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1689 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1690 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1693 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1694 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1695 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1696 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1698 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1699 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1700 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1701 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1702 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1703 should write them with this in mind.
1707 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1708 always follow these three steps:
1710 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1711 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1713 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1714 doing a zpool upgrade):
1716 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1717 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1718 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1719 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1721 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1722 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1725 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1730 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1731 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1732 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1733 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1734 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1735 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1736 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1737 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1739 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1740 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1741 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1742 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1744 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1745 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1746 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1747 since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1749 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1753 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1754 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
1755 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1757 make kernel-toolchain
1758 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1759 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1761 To test a kernel once
1762 ---------------------
1763 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1764 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1765 debugging information) run
1766 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1767 nextboot -k testkernel
1769 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1770 -----------------------------------------------------------
1771 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1772 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1774 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1776 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1777 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1779 <reboot in single user> [3]
1786 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1787 --------------------------------------------------
1788 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1789 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
1790 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1793 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1796 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1797 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
1798 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1799 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1800 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1801 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1802 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
1803 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1804 <reboot into current>
1805 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1806 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1810 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1811 ----------------------------------------------
1812 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1814 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
1815 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1817 <reboot in single user> [3]
1824 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1825 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
1826 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1827 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1828 the UPDATING entries.
1830 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1831 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
1832 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1833 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1834 much fewer pitfalls.
1836 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1837 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1838 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1839 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
1840 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1841 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1842 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1843 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1845 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1847 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1851 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1852 cd src # full path to source
1853 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
1854 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1855 into single user mode to do the installworld.
1857 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
1858 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1859 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1860 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1861 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1862 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information.
1864 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
1865 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1868 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1869 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1870 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1872 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1873 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1874 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1875 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
1876 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1877 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1878 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
1879 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1881 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1882 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
1883 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
1886 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1887 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1888 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1890 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1891 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
1892 warn if it is improperly defined.
1895 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1896 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1897 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1898 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1899 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1901 Copyright information:
1903 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
1905 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1906 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1907 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1909 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1910 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1911 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1912 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1913 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1914 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1915 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1916 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1917 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1918 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1919 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1921 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of