1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
3 This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4 See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the
5 COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you
6 basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
11 Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12 /usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages
15 NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact
20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement,
21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This
22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc
26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
31 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
32 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
33 https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
34 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
35 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
36 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
37 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
40 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
41 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where
42 comitted. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to detect this.
45 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
46 libraries and utilities are packaged.
47 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
48 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
49 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
50 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
54 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
55 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules
56 need to be rebuilt from sources.
57 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
58 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
62 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
63 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
64 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
65 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
66 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
67 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
70 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
71 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
72 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
73 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
76 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
77 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be
78 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required.
81 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
82 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
86 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
87 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
88 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
89 since it was bumped so recently.
92 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
93 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of
94 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
95 be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
98 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
99 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
100 requires a clean build.
103 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
104 instructions can be found at
105 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
106 and other documents in that repo.
109 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
110 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
111 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
112 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
115 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb)
116 may be installed from ports or packages.
119 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6".
120 See ping(8) for details.
123 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
124 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
125 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
128 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
129 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
130 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
131 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
132 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
135 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
136 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
137 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
138 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
139 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
143 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
144 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
145 find sys -name LINT\* -delete
146 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files.
148 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
149 command you want to un-auger the tree is
152 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
153 above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
156 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
157 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
158 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
159 unless you want to use new features.
161 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
162 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
163 rebuilding world may fail.
165 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
166 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
168 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
169 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
170 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
171 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
174 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
175 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
176 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
177 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
180 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
181 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
185 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
186 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
189 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
190 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
191 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
192 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
195 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
196 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
197 from sources, so a version bump was done.
200 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
201 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
202 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
203 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
206 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
207 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
208 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
209 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
210 continue to function.
212 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
213 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
214 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
215 successful or not) and run installworld once more.
218 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
219 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
220 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
221 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
222 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
223 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
224 world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
227 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
228 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
231 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any
232 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
233 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
236 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may
237 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
238 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
239 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
241 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
242 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
243 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example
244 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
248 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
249 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
250 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
251 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
254 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
255 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
258 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
259 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration,
260 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
261 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
262 be functional without closefrom(2).
265 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
266 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
267 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
268 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
269 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
270 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
273 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
274 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
275 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
276 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
279 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
280 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
281 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
284 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
287 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree
288 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
289 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
292 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind
293 is used by all supported CPU architectures.
296 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC,
297 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
298 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
302 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
303 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
307 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
308 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
309 together with their new kernel.
312 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
313 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update
314 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
316 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
317 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
320 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
324 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
325 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
326 external toolchain package.
329 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
330 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
331 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a
332 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
333 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
336 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
337 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
338 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
339 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
342 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
343 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64
344 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
348 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
351 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
352 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
353 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
354 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
357 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
358 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
359 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
362 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
363 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
364 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
365 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
366 differences between those included in the port and those included in
367 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
368 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
369 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
372 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
373 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
377 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
378 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
379 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers
380 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
381 add superio to the set.
384 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
385 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
388 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
389 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by
390 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open
391 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
392 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
393 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
394 completely in the future.
397 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
398 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
399 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
400 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
401 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
402 will be removed from the list.
405 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
406 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
407 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
408 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
411 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
412 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
413 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
414 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
417 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
418 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
419 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
420 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
423 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
424 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
425 scripts. See ping6(8) for details.
428 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
429 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
430 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from
431 your scripts, because they had no effect.
433 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
434 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
435 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
436 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to
437 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
440 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
441 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
442 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
443 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by
444 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the
445 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
446 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
449 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
450 components. The "device random" option has been removed.
451 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
452 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
455 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
456 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for
457 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
458 using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
461 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
462 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
463 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
466 User-wired pages now have their own counter,
467 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
468 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
469 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
470 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
471 avoid running into the limit.
474 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring
475 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
478 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
479 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
480 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
481 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
482 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
483 config files to select the tuntap device instead.
486 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
487 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
490 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
491 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
492 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
493 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
494 availability properties.
496 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
497 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
498 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
499 initial condition, if desired.
501 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
502 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
504 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
505 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
506 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e.,
507 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
510 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
511 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
512 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
513 therefore unblocked).
516 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
517 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
518 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
519 is added to the command line.
520 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
521 not affected and should continue to work.
524 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
525 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
526 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
527 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
530 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
531 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
532 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
536 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically
537 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
541 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
542 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
543 migrating to the drm ports.
546 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers
547 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
548 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as
549 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
550 is loaded automatically.
553 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
554 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
555 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
559 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
560 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
561 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
562 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
565 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
566 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4
567 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
568 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
569 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
573 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
574 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
575 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
577 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
578 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
580 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
581 removed from the mips port.
584 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
585 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
586 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
590 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting
591 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
594 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
595 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
596 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing
597 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
600 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
601 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
602 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
605 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
606 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
607 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
611 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
612 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
613 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
615 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
616 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
617 being included using the command:
621 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
622 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
625 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
626 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
627 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
628 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
629 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
630 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
631 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
632 that as you will get better support.
634 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
635 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
636 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
637 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
639 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
640 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
641 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
642 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
646 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence,
647 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
648 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
649 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
650 be adjusted as necessary.
653 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included
654 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is
655 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value
656 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
659 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
660 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
661 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
662 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
666 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
667 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
668 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
669 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
673 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
674 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
675 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
676 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
677 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
678 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
681 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
682 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
683 default since FreeBSD-11.
686 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
687 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update
688 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
691 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
692 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
693 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
694 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
695 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between
696 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
697 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
699 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
700 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
703 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
704 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
705 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
706 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
707 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
708 may not be observed in a future release.
711 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To
712 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
716 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
717 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
718 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
719 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
722 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
723 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
724 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
725 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
729 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
730 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
731 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
734 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
735 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
736 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
737 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
738 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
741 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
742 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
743 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
744 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
745 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
746 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
749 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
750 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
751 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
755 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
756 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
757 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
760 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster
761 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
762 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
763 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
764 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
765 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
766 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
767 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
768 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
769 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
773 Big endian arm support has been removed.
776 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
777 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to
778 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
779 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
780 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
783 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
784 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
785 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need
786 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may
787 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
788 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
791 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
792 atomics will need to be rebuilt.
795 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
796 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
797 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
798 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
799 only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
800 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
801 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
804 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
805 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
806 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
810 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
811 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
812 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
816 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
817 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
820 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
821 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
825 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
826 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
827 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
828 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
831 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
832 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
833 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
837 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into
838 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
839 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
843 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
844 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
845 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
846 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
847 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
848 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
851 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
852 workaround is necessary.
855 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g
856 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and
857 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device
858 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
861 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more
862 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
863 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
864 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only
865 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
868 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and
869 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
870 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device
871 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
874 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface
875 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
876 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
880 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device
881 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
885 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device
886 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
890 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
891 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
892 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
893 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
894 microseconds and time zone offsets.
896 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
897 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
898 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
899 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
900 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
901 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
902 adjustments, depending on the software used.
904 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
905 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
908 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
911 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
912 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
913 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
915 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
917 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
918 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
919 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
920 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
921 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
922 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
923 thus expected to continue to function as before.
925 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
929 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
930 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
931 it. No device drivers supported token ring.
934 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
935 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
936 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
937 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
938 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
939 should be as simple as:
941 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
942 $ make depend all install
945 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
946 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
947 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
948 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
949 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
950 provisions for backup boot methods.
953 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
954 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
955 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
959 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
960 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
961 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
965 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
966 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
967 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
969 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
970 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
973 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
974 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
975 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
976 remove it from kernel config files.
979 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
980 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
981 the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
983 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
984 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
987 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
988 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
989 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
990 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
993 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
994 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
997 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
998 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
999 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1000 GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1003 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1004 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1005 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1006 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1007 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1008 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1011 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
1012 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1013 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1016 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1017 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL
1018 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the
1019 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1020 One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1023 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1024 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1025 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1026 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1027 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1031 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1032 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1033 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old
1034 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1035 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1036 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1037 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1038 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1039 than hardcoding paths.
1042 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1043 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1044 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1047 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1048 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1049 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1050 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1053 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1054 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1057 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1058 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1059 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1060 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1063 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1064 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1065 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1066 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1067 desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1070 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will
1071 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1072 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who
1073 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1077 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1078 binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1079 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1080 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1081 soft-float everything else should be affected.
1084 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous
1085 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1088 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1089 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1093 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1094 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1098 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1099 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1100 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1101 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1103 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1104 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1105 sandbox if successful.
1107 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1108 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1109 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1110 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1111 an unprivileged user.
1114 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1115 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1116 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1117 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1118 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1119 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1120 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1121 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1122 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1123 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1124 to which you should answer yes.
1127 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1128 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1129 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1130 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1131 machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1134 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1135 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1136 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1139 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1140 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1143 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is
1144 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1145 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run
1146 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1147 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports
1148 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1149 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1152 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1153 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1154 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1155 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1156 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1157 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1160 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1161 if you require the GPL compiler.
1164 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1165 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1166 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1169 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1170 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same
1171 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1175 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1176 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1177 from ports (and recommends to install it).
1178 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1179 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1180 via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1183 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1184 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems
1185 which only require one chipset support.
1187 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1191 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1192 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1193 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1195 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1196 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1199 * load the chip modules in question
1200 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1202 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1203 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1205 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1208 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1209 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and
1210 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1212 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1213 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1214 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1216 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1217 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full
1218 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1219 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required
1220 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1221 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1222 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1223 upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1226 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1227 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a
1228 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1231 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1232 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1233 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1236 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1237 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1238 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1239 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1240 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1241 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1242 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1245 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1246 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1247 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1248 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1251 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1252 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast
1253 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1256 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1257 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1258 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1261 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1262 cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1264 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1265 via one of the following methods:
1266 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1267 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1268 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1269 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1271 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1274 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1275 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1276 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1277 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1281 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1282 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1283 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1284 be prefixed with colon.
1287 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1288 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1289 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1292 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1293 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1294 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1297 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1298 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1299 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible
1303 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1307 MCA bus support has been removed.
1310 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1311 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1314 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1315 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1318 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1319 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1320 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1324 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1325 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1326 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1329 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1330 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1331 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1334 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1335 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools
1336 that link against it need to be recompiled.
1339 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1340 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1341 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1342 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1345 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1346 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1348 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1349 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1352 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages:
1353 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1354 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1358 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1359 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1360 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1363 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1364 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1367 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1368 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is
1369 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1370 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1373 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built
1374 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1375 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1376 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1377 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1380 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1383 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1384 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1385 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original
1386 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1389 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1390 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1391 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1395 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1396 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1397 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any
1398 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be
1399 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1403 Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1404 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1407 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1410 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1411 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1412 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1413 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1414 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1415 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1419 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1420 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1421 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab
1422 previously contained a line like
1423 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1424 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom
1425 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should
1429 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1430 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1431 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1432 built with the old headers.
1435 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1436 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1437 functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1438 installing a new libc.
1441 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1442 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1443 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1444 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1445 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1446 packages will be needed.
1448 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1449 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1450 and the install steps.
1453 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1454 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel
1455 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1456 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However,
1457 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1458 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1461 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1462 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1463 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1464 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1465 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1467 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1468 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1469 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1470 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1471 o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1473 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1474 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1475 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1476 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1477 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1478 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1481 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1482 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1483 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1484 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1485 quirks entry to 0x3.
1488 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1489 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1490 been removed. See 20160311 for further details.
1493 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All
1494 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1497 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1498 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1499 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1500 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1501 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1502 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should
1503 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1504 stale .depend files.
1507 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1508 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1509 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1513 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1514 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1515 make -C sys/boot install
1516 <reboot in single user>
1518 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1522 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please
1523 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1524 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1527 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The
1528 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1529 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1530 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable
1531 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1532 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1535 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1536 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1537 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1538 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1539 to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1542 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That
1543 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1544 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1545 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be
1546 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1549 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are
1550 still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1553 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1554 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1555 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1558 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1559 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1560 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1564 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1565 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1566 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1567 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1568 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1569 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1572 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1573 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1574 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1575 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1579 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1580 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1581 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1584 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1585 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1586 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1588 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1589 collation results will be different.
1591 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1592 locales before running make installworld.
1594 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1597 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring
1598 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1601 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1602 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1603 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1606 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1607 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1608 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse
1609 and 'make -N' will not.
1612 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1613 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1614 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had
1615 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1616 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1617 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1618 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using
1619 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1622 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1623 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1624 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1625 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1628 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1629 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1630 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1633 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1634 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1635 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1636 userland debug files.
1638 When using the supported kernel installation method the
1639 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1640 as is done with /boot/kernel.
1642 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1643 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1646 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1647 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1648 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1649 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1650 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1651 rc.d scripts in /etc.
1654 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1655 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1656 'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1659 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1660 them, the kernel must have
1663 options RANDOM_LOADABLE
1665 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1666 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1667 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1668 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1670 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1671 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1674 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1675 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1676 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1679 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1680 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS
1681 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1682 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1684 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1685 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1686 difference with this change.
1688 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1689 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1690 remove that workaround.
1693 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1694 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1695 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1698 # pw groupmod video -m $USER
1701 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1702 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1703 loader.rc.local instead.
1706 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1707 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1708 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1711 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1712 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1713 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1715 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1716 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1719 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1720 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1721 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead
1722 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet
1723 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1724 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration
1725 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1726 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1727 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like
1728 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old
1729 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1730 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1733 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1734 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1736 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1737 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1738 this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1740 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1741 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver.
1743 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people,
1744 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1745 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1747 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1748 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1749 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1750 and it is assumed you know what you need.
1752 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1753 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1754 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1755 behaviour from your security subsystems.
1757 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1758 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1759 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1760 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1761 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1762 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1763 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1764 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1768 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1769 entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1772 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1773 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1776 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1777 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work
1778 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1779 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1780 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1783 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1784 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1785 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1786 with Kyuafile and kyua.
1789 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1790 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1791 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior
1792 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1793 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around
1794 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1795 2048 bit DH parameter by:
1797 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1798 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1799 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1800 replace it with '2'.
1801 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1802 a file path, create a new file with:
1803 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1804 4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1805 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1806 5. Restart sendmail:
1807 cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1809 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1813 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1814 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1815 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1816 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1819 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1822 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the
1823 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1824 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1827 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1828 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1831 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1832 same but content is different now
1833 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1834 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1835 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1836 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1837 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1840 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1841 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1842 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1845 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1846 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1849 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1850 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1853 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1854 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now
1855 enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1858 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1859 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1860 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1861 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1864 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see
1865 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1866 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1869 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1870 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1871 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1872 kernel before rebooting.
1875 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1876 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately
1877 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1878 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1879 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1880 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1883 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1884 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1885 with the new kernel.
1888 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1889 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1890 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1893 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix
1894 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231
1895 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1896 are not already using 3.5.0.
1899 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1900 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1901 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1902 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1903 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1906 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1907 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the
1908 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1909 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1912 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1913 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1916 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1918 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1919 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to
1920 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1921 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1922 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1923 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1926 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1927 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1930 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1931 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1932 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are
1933 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1935 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1936 the instructions for 9.x above.
1938 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1939 default, and do not build clang.
1941 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1942 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those
1943 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1945 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1946 the following are most likely to appear:
1950 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1951 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1952 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1953 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are
1954 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1955 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1956 cast, or disable the warning.
1958 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1959 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1960 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1961 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1964 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1965 -Wundefined-bool-conversion
1967 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1968 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is
1969 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1970 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1972 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off
1973 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1974 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1975 unreachable could be optimized away.
1978 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1979 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1980 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1981 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1982 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1983 the utilities will report errors.
1986 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1987 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1988 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with
1989 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1990 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1994 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1995 has been obsolete for a very long time.
1998 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1999 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2000 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2003 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2004 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2005 indicate what you need to do.
2007 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2008 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2009 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2011 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2012 the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2016 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2017 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2021 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2022 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2026 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2030 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2031 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2032 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2033 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are
2034 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2035 their next update cycle.
2038 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2039 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2040 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2041 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2045 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2046 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2049 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2050 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2051 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run
2052 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2053 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2057 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2058 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2060 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2063 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2064 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2065 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The
2066 devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2070 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2071 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2075 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2076 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the
2077 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2078 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2079 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2082 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2083 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2084 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2087 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2088 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2089 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2092 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2093 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of
2094 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2095 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private
2096 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2097 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2098 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2099 "make installworld".
2101 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2102 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2103 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2106 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2107 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2108 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2109 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2110 be removed during a clean upgrade.
2113 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2116 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2117 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2121 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2122 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2123 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2124 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2125 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2126 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2127 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2128 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2129 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2130 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2131 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2132 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2134 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2135 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2136 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2140 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2141 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2144 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2145 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2146 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2147 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2148 build hosts for older releases.
2150 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2151 r276991, respectively.
2154 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2155 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2156 will silently lack HESIOD.
2159 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2160 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2161 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2162 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2163 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2164 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2165 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2166 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2167 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2168 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2169 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2170 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure
2173 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2174 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2175 with command line option -W.
2178 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2179 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2180 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2181 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2182 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2185 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2188 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver
2189 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2192 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2193 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2194 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility
2195 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2196 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2199 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2200 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in
2201 kernel is still highly recommended.
2204 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2205 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum
2206 capability mode support in kernel.
2209 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2210 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2211 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2212 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2213 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2216 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2217 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2218 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2219 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2220 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2221 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2224 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2225 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2226 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2227 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2228 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2229 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2230 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2231 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2232 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2235 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2236 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were
2237 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2238 should change your settings to use the latter.
2241 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2242 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary
2243 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding
2244 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the
2245 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2248 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2249 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2250 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2252 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2254 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2257 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2264 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2265 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
2266 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run
2267 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2268 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2269 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2270 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2271 report a bug if it happens consistently.
2273 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2274 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2275 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2276 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this
2277 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since
2278 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2279 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2280 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2283 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2284 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2285 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2286 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2289 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2290 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2291 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2292 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2294 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2295 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2296 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2297 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2298 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2299 should write them with this in mind.
2303 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2306 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2307 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2309 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2311 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2312 freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2313 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2314 The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2317 Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2321 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2322 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
2323 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2325 make kernel-toolchain
2326 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2327 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2329 To test a kernel once
2330 ---------------------
2331 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2332 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2333 debugging information) run
2334 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2335 nextboot -k testkernel
2337 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2338 -----------------------------------------------------------
2339 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2340 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2342 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2344 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2345 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2347 <reboot in single user> [3]
2354 To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2355 --------------------------------------------------
2356 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2357 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
2358 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2361 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2364 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2365 <maybe newfs current's root partition>
2366 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2367 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2368 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2369 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2370 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
2371 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2372 <reboot into current>
2373 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2374 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2378 To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2379 ----------------------------------------------
2380 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2382 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
2383 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2385 <reboot in single user> [3]
2392 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2393 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
2394 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2395 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2396 the UPDATING entries.
2398 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2399 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
2400 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2401 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2402 much fewer pitfalls.
2404 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2405 them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2406 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2407 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you
2408 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2409 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2410 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2411 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2413 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2415 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2419 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2420 cd src # full path to source
2421 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
2422 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2423 into single user mode to do the installworld.
2425 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
2426 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2427 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2428 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2429 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2430 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider.
2431 See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2433 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time
2434 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2435 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
2436 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2437 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2438 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2440 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2441 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2442 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2444 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2445 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2446 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2447 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure
2448 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2449 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2450 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries
2451 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2453 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2454 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2455 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2458 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2459 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2460 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2462 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2463 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
2464 warn if it is improperly defined.
2467 This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2468 breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2469 list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2470 If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2471 to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2473 Copyright information:
2475 Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2477 Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2478 modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2479 document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2481 THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2482 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2483 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2484 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2485 INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2486 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2487 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2488 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2489 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2490 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2491 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2493 Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of